MINIMIZE THE HYDROGENATION OF UNSATURATED FATTY ACID IN RUMEN WITH FORMALDEHYDE

This research aimed to know the ability of citronella from C. hystrix to protect unsaturated fatty acid of Tropical cooking oil on the hydrogenation process by rumen microbes. The in vitro fermentation test used rumen fluid of local female sheeps as source of microbial, Tropical cooking oil as a source of unsaturated fatty acids and C. hystrix leaves as source of cironela. Tropical cooking oil was mixed with Preston skim milk (1:2). The mixture were added by C. hystrix leaves with the level of 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% (dry weight bases) from the weight of the mixture, then mixed evenly into protected Tropical cooking oil. The data was analyzed by Completely Random Design. The difference of means the treatments were tested by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test. Result showed that oleic and linoleic resulting from fermenting Tropical cooking oil protected by citronela in C. hystrix was increase if it compare to unprotected. It can be concluded that Tropical cooking oil protected with citronelal C. hystrix was reduced hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acid, mainly oleic and linoleic.

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Pengaruh Proteksi Aldehid Untuk Meloloskan Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acid Pada Menir Kedelai dan Minyak Ikan Lemuru Secara In Vitro

Sains Peternakan ◽

10.20961/sainspet.13.1.57-65 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 57

Author(s):

Joko Riyanto ◽

Endang Baliarti ◽

Lies Mira Yusiati ◽

Tety Hartatik ◽

Diah Tri Widayati

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acid ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Protective Material ◽

Randomized Design ◽

The Difference ◽

Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acid

This research was aims to determine the effect of formaldehyde using as a protective material in the soy groats and lemuru fish oil mixtured to escape of the protein and poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) by in vitro. The rumen fluid was derived from donor of the Ongole crosbred fistulated as much as 3 heads. The experimental design used completely randomized design factorial 2x3 pattern consists of two factors:the first factor (soybean groats:lemuru fish oil in the ratio 2:1 and 4:1) and the second factor (the use of formaldehyde at levels of 0%, 2% and 4% base on the dry matter) and was repeated 5 times. The parameters are consist of the nutrient content, the substrates soybean groats and lemuru fish oil the rumen fluid fermented PUFA content by in vitro. Results of the study are levels of protein, fatty acids oleic, linoleic and arachidonic much available on soybean groats:lemuru fish oil protected formaldehyde at levels of 2% and 4%. The difference between the ratio of soybean groats with lemuru fish oil had no significant (P≥0,05) but significantly different at different levels of formaldehyde (P≤0,05). The conclusion are formaldehyde content of 37% with a level of 2% can be used for protection the soybean groats and lemuru fish oil with a ratio of 4:1 and is able to provide protein as well PUFA. Keywords: soy groats, lemuru fish oil, in vitro, PUFA, formaldehyde protection

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Pengaruh Proteksi Aldehid Untuk Meloloskan Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acid Pada Menir Kedelai dan Minyak Ikan Lemuru Secara In Vitro

Sains Peternakan ◽

10.20961/sainspet.v13i1.4548 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 57

Author(s):

Joko Riyanto ◽

Endang Baliarti ◽

Lies Mira Yusiati ◽

Tety Hartatik ◽

Diah Tri Widayati

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acid ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Protective Material ◽

Randomized Design ◽

The Difference ◽

Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acid

This research was aims to determine the effect of formaldehyde using as a protective material in the soy groats and lemuru fish oil mixtured to escape of the protein and poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) by in vitro. The rumen fluid was derived from donor of the Ongole crosbred fistulated as much as 3 heads. The experimental design used completely randomized design factorial 2x3 pattern consists of two factors:the first factor (soybean groats:lemuru fish oil in the ratio 2:1 and 4:1) and the second factor (the use of formaldehyde at levels of 0%, 2% and 4% base on the dry matter) and was repeated 5 times. The parameters are consist of the nutrient content, the substrates soybean groats and lemuru fish oil the rumen fluid fermented PUFA content by in vitro. Results of the study are levels of protein, fatty acids oleic, linoleic and arachidonic much available on soybean groats:lemuru fish oil protected formaldehyde at levels of 2% and 4%. The difference between the ratio of soybean groats with lemuru fish oil had no significant (P≥0,05) but significantly different at different levels of formaldehyde (P≤0,05). The conclusion are formaldehyde content of 37% with a level of 2% can be used for protection the soybean groats and lemuru fish oil with a ratio of 4:1 and is able to provide protein as well PUFA. Keywords: soy groats, lemuru fish oil, in vitro, PUFA, formaldehyde protection

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Effects of Essential Fatty Acid Supplementation on in vitro Fermentation Indices, Greenhouse Gas, Microbes, and Fatty Acid Profiles in the Rumen

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.637220 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Sardar Muhammad Amanullah ◽

Dong Hyeon Kim ◽

Dimas Hand Vidya Paradhipta ◽

Hyuk Jun Lee ◽

Young Hoo Joo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Essential Fatty Acid ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Methanogenic Archaea ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

In Vitro Fermentation ◽

Rumen Microbes ◽

Enteric Methane ◽

Gas Volume

This study estimated the effect of essential fatty acid (FA) supplementation on fermentation indices, greenhouse gases, microbes, and FA profiles in the rumen. The treatments used pure FAs consisting of C18:2n-6 FA (LA), C18:3n-3 FA (LNA), or a mixture of these FAs at 1:1 ratio (Combo). In vitro rumen incubation was performed in 50 mL glass serum bottles containing 2 mg of pure FAs, 15 mL of rumen buffer (rumen fluid+anaerobe culture medium = 1:2), and 150 mg of synthetic diet (411 g cellulose, 411 g starch, and 178 g casein/kg dry matter) at 39°C for 8 h with five replications and three blanks. In rumen fermentation indices, LA exhibited highest (P < 0.05) ammonia-N and total gas volume after 8 h of incubation. Furthermore, LA presented lower (P < 0.05) pH with higher (P < 0.05) total volatile fatty acid (P = 0.034) than Combo, while LNA was not different compared with those in the other treatments. Additionally, Combo produced highest (P < 0.05) CO2 with lowest (P < 0.05) CH4. In the early hours of incubation, LA improved (P < 0.005) Fibrobacter succinogenes and Ruminococcus flavefaciens, while LNA improved (P < 0.005) Ruminococcus albus. After 8 h of incubation, LNA had lower (P < 0.05) methanogenic archaea than LA and Combo but had higher (P < 0.05) rumen ciliates than LA. R. albus was higher (P < 0.05) in LA than in LNA and Combo. It was observed that the rate of biohydrogenation of n-6 and n-3 FAs was comparatively lowest (P < 0.05) in Combo, characterized by higher C18:2n-6 and/or C18:3n-3 FA and polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) concentrations with lower (P < 0.05) concentrations of C18:0 and saturated FA and the ratio of saturated FAs to PUFAs. Therefore, this study concluded that dietary C18:2n-6 could improve populations of fibrolytic bacteria and rumen fermentation indices, but dietary mixture of pure C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3 is recommended because it is effective in reducing enteric methane emissions and resisting biohydrogenation in the rumen with less effect on rumen microbes.

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PENGARUH BIODELIGNIFIKASI DAUN SAWIT MENGGUNAKAN KAPANG Phanerochaete Chrysosporium YANG DISUPLEMENTASI DENGAN MINERAL CA TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK CAIRAN RUMEN SECARA In Vitro

Jurnal Agroristek ◽

10.47647/jar.v1i2.190 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 23-26

Author(s):

Sri, Rahayu

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Phanerochaete Chrysosporium ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Block Design ◽

Fermentation Time ◽

Rumen Microbes ◽

Mineral Addition ◽

Randomized Block Design

The aims of this research to see the effect of biodelignification of palm leaves using Phanerochaete chrysosporium againts total VFA, NH3 and pH. This study used factorial randomized block design (4x3) with 3 replications. Factor A is a dose of mineral addition in which A0 = 0 ppm Ca mineral, A1 = 1000 ppm Ca mineral, A3 = 1500 ppm Ca mineral, and A4 = 2000 ppm Ca mineral. Factor Y is the time of fermentation Y1 = 10 days, Y2 = 15 days, and Y3 = 20 days. Fermentation of palm leaves using Phanerochaete chrysosporium at a dose of Ca 2000 ppm mineral with a fermentation time of 10 days showed a total of 121.25 mM VFA more than any other treatment, and the amount of NH3 produced 14.80 mg / 100 ml of rumen fluid, and pH ranges from 6.79 to 6.86. The resulting pH is still in a condition where rumen microbes can grow optimally.Keywords: Biodelignification, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, NH3, pH, Volatille Fatty Acid (VFA)

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Time of rumen fluid collection relative to feeding alters in vitro fermentation volatile fatty acid production

Translational Animal Science ◽

10.1093/tas/txy079 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. S98-S98

Author(s):

L A Pless ◽

A N Brewster ◽

D J McLean ◽

S A Armstrong

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Volatile Fatty Acid ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Fluid Collection ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Fatty Acid Production ◽

In Vitro Fermentation ◽

Temperature And Pressure

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effect of time of rumen fluid collection relative to feeding on volatile fatty acid (VFA) production for in vitro rumen fermentation. Three ruminally cannulated Holstein heifers were used as rumen fluid donors. Feed was removed from heifers 12 h prior to feeding, rumen fluid was collected from each heifer before feeding (0 h), and at 2, 4, and 6 h after feeding, repeated on three separate incubation days. Buffered rumen fluid (100 mL) was incubated in 250-mL bottles containing 1.4 g of dried TMR, in duplicate for each heifer at each collection time. All bottles were incubated for 24 h at 39°C and constant agitation (60 rpm), and capped with monitors to capture temperature and pressure every 15 min (RF1, Ankom Technology, Macedon, NY). At the end of incubation, final pH and a sample of rumen fluid were collected for VFA and ammonia nitrogen. Data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX of SAS, with donor as the experimental unit and day as the random blocking factor; significance is defined as P ≤ 0.05. Time of rumen fluid collection significantly affected acetate (mmol/liter; P = 0.0004), propionate (mmol/liter; P = 0.02), isobutyrate (mmol/liter; P < 0.0001), valerate (mmol/liter; P = 0.004), isovalerate (mmol/liter; P < 0.00001), and total VFA concentrations (mmol/liter; P = 0.004). All VFA relative proportions were altered due to time of rumen fluid collection (P < 0.02). VFA production was highest when rumen fluid was collected 4-h post-feeding. There was little to no effect on pH. Our findings suggest that VFA production is maximized when rumen fluid is collected between 2 and 4 h after feeding.

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Wheat cell walls and constituent polysaccharides induce similar microbiota profiles upon in vitro fermentation despite different short chain fatty acid end-product levels.

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/d0fo02509g ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shiyi Lu ◽

Deirdre Mikkelsen ◽

Hong Yao ◽

Barbara Williams ◽

Bernadine Flanagan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Plant Cell ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Plant Cell Walls ◽

Human Gut ◽

In Vitro Fermentation

Plant cell walls as well as their component polysaccharides in foods can be utilized to alter and maintain a beneficial human gut microbiota, but it is not known whether the...

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Identification of the molecular regulation of differences in lipid deposition in dedifferentiated preadipocytes from different chicken tissues

BMC Genomics ◽

10.1186/s12864-021-07459-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zheng Ma ◽

Na Luo ◽

Lu Liu ◽

Huanxian Cui ◽

Jing Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Lipid Content ◽

Regulatory Network ◽

Total Lipid Content ◽

Fatty Acid Transport ◽

Lipid Deposition ◽

Ppar Signaling ◽

The Difference

Abstract Background A body distribution with high intramuscular fat and low abdominal fat is the ideal goal for broiler breeding. Preadipocytes with different origins have differences in terms of metabolism and gene expression. The transcriptome analysis performed in this study of intramuscular preadipocytes (DIMFPs) and adipose tissue-derived preadipocytes (DAFPs) aimed to explore the characteristics of lipid deposition in different chicken preadipocytes by dedifferentiation in vitro. Results Compared with DAFPs, the total lipid content in DIMFPs was reduced (P < 0.05). Moreover, 72 DEGs related to lipid metabolism were screened, which were involved in adipocyte differentiation, fatty acid transport and fatty acid synthesis, lipid stabilization, and lipolysis. Among the 72 DEGs, 19 DEGs were enriched in the PPAR signaling pathway, indicating its main contribution to the regulation of the difference in lipid deposition between DAFPs and DIMFPs. Among these 19 genes, the representative APOA1, ADIPOQ, FABP3, FABP4, FABP7, HMGCS2, LPL and RXRG genes were downregulated, but the ACSL1, FABP5, PCK2, PDPK1, PPARG, SCD, SCD5, and SLC27A6 genes were upregulated (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) in the DIMFPs. In addition, the well-known pathways affecting lipid metabolism (MAPK, TGF-beta and calcium) and the pathways related to cell communication were enriched, which may also contribute to the regulation of lipid deposition. Finally, the regulatory network for the difference in lipid deposition between chicken DAFPs and DIMFPs was proposed based on the above information. Conclusions Our data suggested a difference in lipid deposition between DIMFPs and DAFPs of chickens in vitro and proposed a molecular regulatory network for the difference in lipid deposition between chicken DAFPs and DIMFPs. The lipid content was significantly increased in DAFPs by the direct mediation of PPAR signaling pathways. These findings provide new insights into the regulation of tissue-specific fat deposition and the optimization of body fat distribution in broilers.

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EFFECT OF CRUDE PALM OIL PROTECTION WITH FORMALDEHYDE ON HYDROGENATION OF RUMEN FLUID UNSATURATED FATTY ACID: ITS EFFECT ON BLOOD AND MEAT FATTY ACID

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.22146/ijc.21297 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 142-148

Author(s):

Nafly C. Tiven ◽

Lies Mira Yusiati ◽

Rusman Rusman ◽

Umar Santoso

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Crude Palm Oil ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Range Test ◽

Basal Ration

This research aimed to determine the effect of crude palm oil protected with formaldehyde on the hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids in the rumen and its effect on blood and meat fatty acids. Fifteenth local male lambs aged 9-12 months weighing 14-17 kg, were divided into 3 groups ration treatment. The first group received only the basal ration (R0), the 2nd group received the basal ration and 3% CPO (R1), while the 3rd group received the basal ration and 3% CPO protected with 2% formaldehyde (R2). Basal feed consisted of 60% grass, 30% bran and 10% soybean meal, with the nutrient content of 62.98% TDN, 45.5% DM, 14.48% CP, 4.70% EE and 21.93% CF. Parameters observed were the fatty acid from rumen fluid, blood and meat of sheep. Data were analyzed by complete randomized design direction patterns. Differences between treatments were tested further using Duncan's New Multiple Range Test. The results showed that treatment of R2 can increase unsaturated fatty acids in the rumen, blood and meat (P

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