scholarly journals Lepra Bubalorum, a Potential Reservoir of Mycobacterium leprae

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Faber ◽  
Henk Menke ◽  
Victor Rutten ◽  
Toine Pieters

In 1926, a mycobacterial skin disease was observed in water buffaloes by researchers in Indonesia. The disease was designated as skin tuberculosis, though it was hypothesized that it might be a form of leprosy or a leprosy-like disease. In a follow-up study (Ph.D. thesis Lobel, 1934, Utrecht University, Netherlands) a similar nodular skin disease was described in Indonesian water buffaloes and named “lepra bubalorum” or “nodular leprosy.” Two decades later Kraneveld and Roza (1954) reported that, so far, the diagnosis lepra bubalorum had been made in 146 cases in Indonesia. After a final series of research reports by Indonesian veterinarians in 1961, no subsequent cases were published. Based on information from these reports, it can be concluded that, even though evidence of nerve involvement in buffaloes was not reported, similarities exist between lepra bubalorum and Hansen’s disease (leprosy), i.e., nodular skin lesions with a chronic course and microscopically granulomatous reactions with AFB in globi in vacuoles. This raises the question as to whether these historical cases might indeed have been caused by Mycobacterium leprae, Mycobacterium lepromatosis or another representative of the M. leprae complex. The future use of state-of-the-art molecular techniques may answer this question and may also help to answer the question whether water buffaloes should be considered as a potential natural reservoir of the causative pathogen of Hansen’s disease.

Author(s):  
P. Vignesh Shivaraman ◽  
Jayakar Thomas

Background: Leprosy by definition is a chronic granulomatous infection of the skin and superficial nerves in the skin caused by Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis. [1] It most commonly involves the nose, eyes, throat, and sometimes the testicles. The bacilli are most frequently transmitted via droplets, from the nose during close contact with untreated cases of leprosy. Leprosy was first mentioned in 700BC. Leprosy is common in tropical and subtropical Asia, some Pacific countries, Africa, and South America [2]. It is not known how leprosy is transmitted. Although skin lesions and nerve thickening manifest together, they also appear as separate entities. This study aims to find out the frequently thickened nerves in different spectrums of Hansen’s disease. Objectives: To determine the frequently thickened nerves in different spectrums of Hansen’s disease. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in Chettinad Hospital and the Research Institute from June 2021 to August 2021. The patients were biopsy-proven Hansen's disease in a different spectrum of the disease, nerve thickening was obtained using palpation method. The Sample size was small due to the prevailing covid situation at the period during which the study was conducted. Results: The data collected from the examination of the different spectrum of disease, the pattern of frequently thickened nerves were evaluated. A total number of 30 patients were examined by palpation method among which 10 patients showed ulnar nerve thickening,7 patients showed greater auricular nerve thickening, 4 patients showed radial cutaneous nerve thickening, 9 patients showed sural nerve thickening. Conclusion: In our study, the most common thickened nerve was the ulnar nerve, secondary to that was the sural nerve. This study concludes the only examination done by palpation method, further diagnostic studies might increase the accuracy and specificity of the above-collected data.


1977 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-169
Author(s):  
John Wilkinson

For centuries, the identity of the unclean skin conditions described in the thirteenth chapter of the book of Leviticus has been accepted as that of the disease we know today as leprosy or Hansen's disease. These conditions are denoted there by the Hebrew term ṣārā'ath, which means by derivation ‘a stroke’, and by usage ‘an unclean skin disease’. This word has frequently been translated simply as ‘leprosy’, and it is used with this meaning in modern Hebrew. However, it has become increasingly uncertain in recent times that the identification of ṣārā'ath with modern leprosy is a valid one, and this identification is now widely questioned.


1978 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-166
Author(s):  
John Wilkinson

For centuries the disease of leprosy and the book of Leviticus have been linked together. The description of skin disease given in the thirteenth chapter of that book has long been thought to be that of the disease known to medicine as leprosy or Hansen's disease as modern leprologists prefer to call it in order to avoid the stigma which still attaches to the name leprosy. As a result, the regulations in that chapter have determined the attitude of Western communities towards persons suffering from this disease, and have largely influenced the public health measures of control applied by these communities when cases of the disease were discovered.


Author(s):  
Tatiana Borges DIAS ◽  
Rosângela Fátima da COSTA

A hanseníase é uma doença infectocontagiosa crônica, transmitida pelo Mycobacterium leprae, parasita intracelular que acomete células cutâneas e células nervosas periféricas. A enfermidade tem cura, porém se tratada tardiamente pode evoluir para deformidades físicas permanentes, repercutindo nos aspectos físicos, psicológicos, econômicos e sociais da vida do indivíduo. Além disso, o estigma se constitui como fator desencadeante para o surgimento de transtornos mentais, como ansiedade e depressão. Diante disso, o presente estudo teve por objetivo investigar a prevalência dos indicadores de ansiedade e depressão em pessoas com hanseníase atendidas pela rede pública de saúde de um município do noroeste paulista, bem como caracterizar a população pesquisada em suas condições sociodemográficas. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo e descritivo, realizado com 21 indivíduos que estão ou que estiveram em tratamento contra a hanseníase num período de dois anos. Foram utilizados Inventários Beck de Depressão (BDI) a fim de avaliar graus de depressão, Inventários Beck de Ansiedade (BAI) para verificar sintomas ansiosos e Questionários Sociodemográficos para levantar as características dos entrevistados. Os resultados revelaram que 43% dos participantes manifestaram níveis leves nos protocolos BAI, enquanto nos protocolos BDI foram demonstrados níveis mínimos por 48%. Quanto ao perfil sociodemográfico, observou-se que a maior parte dos pesquisados são homens (71%), com 60 anos ou mais (52%), casados (71%), brancos (71%), católicos (57%), com ensino fundamental incompleto (48%), assalariados (43%), com renda familiar entre 1 e 3 salários mínimos (71%).  Logo, concluiu-se que os participantes, em sua maioria, apresentaram níveis leves para ansiedade e mínimos para depressão.   SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE AND THE PREVALENCE OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN PEOPLE WITH HANSEN’S DISEASE   ABSTRACT Hansen’s disease is a chronic infectious and contagious disease, transmitted by Mycobacterium leprae, an intracellular parasite that attacks the skin and peripheral nerve cells. Such disease is curable, however, when belatedly treated it may evolve to permanent physical deformities, affecting the physical, psychological, economic, and social factors of the subject’s life. Moreover, a stigma is constituted as a triggering factor for mental disorders occurrences, such as anxiety and depression. Accordingly, the present paper aims at investigating the prevalence of anxiety and depression markers in people with Hansen’s disease assisted by the public unit care in a municipality in northwest of São Paulo State, as well as describing the researched population in their socio-demographic conditions. It is a quantitative descriptive study, which was undertaken with 21 subjects who are/were under treatment for Hansen’s disease for a period of two years. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used in order to evaluate the depression levels, Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) was used to verify anxiety symptoms and a Socio-demographic Questionnaire for collecting data about the characteristics of the interviewees.  The results revealed that 43% of the participants presented mild levels for BAI protocols, whereas for BDI mild levels were found for 48% of them. Regarding socio-demographic profile, it was observed that most of the researched subjects were male (71%), 60-year-old or more (52%), married (71%), white (71%), catholic (57%), incomplete elementary school (48%), employed (43%), monthly family income between 1 and 3 minimum wages (71%). Thus, we conclude that the participants, in their majority, present mild levels of anxiety and depression.   Descriptors: Hansen’s disease. Anxiety. Depression.


e-CliniC ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia I. Tiwow ◽  
Renate T. Kandou ◽  
Herry E. J. Pandaleke

Abstract: Hansen’s Disease is a chronic infection disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. The transmission of this disease is by direct contact with Hansen’s Disease patients in a long period of time, and by inhalation. This study aimed to evaluate the profile of hansen’s disease patients in Dermatovenereology clinic of Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado during the period from January – December 2012. This is a descriptive retrospective study. The result of this study showed that among 112 patients with hansen’s disease, the highest rate was within 25-44 age group (46.4%), where male patients outnumbered females (64.3%). Most of the patients reside in the district of Singkil (12.5%). Multibacillary leprosy was most frequent (89.3%). There were 16% patients with ENL reactions. The disability stage 2 were found in 8,1% patients. Most patients had no history of treatment with MDT (54.5%). Keywords: Hansen’s Disease, profile.   Abstrak: Morbus Hansen (MH) adalah penyakit infeksi kronik yang disebabkan oleh Mycobacterium leprae. Penularan terjadi melalui kontak langsung dalam jangka waktu yang lama dan melalui inhalasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil penderita morbus hansen di poliklinik kulit dan kelamin BLU RSUP Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Manado periode Januari-Desember 2012. Penelitian bersifat deskriptif retrospektif. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan dari 112 penderita MH (10,22%) terbanyak berasal dari kelompok umur 25-44 tahun (46,4%), jenis kelamin laki-laki (64,3%), tempat tinggal kecamatan Singkil (12,5%), tipe MH terbanyak tipe Multibasiler (89,3%), terdapat reaksi ENL sebanyak 16%, kecacatan tingkat 2 sebanyak 8,1%, dan riwayat pengobatan terbanyak belum pernah melakukan pengobatan MDT sebelumnya (54,5%). Kata Kunci: Morbus Hansen, profil.


2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (52) ◽  
pp. 924-935
Author(s):  
Bianca Cândida Martins ◽  
Ednardo De Souza Nascimento ◽  
Viviane Amaral Toledo Coelho ◽  
Carla Giselly De Souza ◽  
Creonice Santos Bigatello ◽  
...  

Resumo: Hanseníase é uma doença infectocontagiosa, causada pelo Mycobacterium leprae. A principal característica da doença é o comprometimento dos nervos periféricos, que pode implicar em incapacidades físicas e deformidades.  Objetivo: Esta pesquisa objetivo apontar e caracterizar as incapacidades físicas que foram diagnósticas em pacientes com hanseníase multibacilar no município de Almenara-MG no período entre os anos de 2015 e 2019.  Metodologia: Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, exploratória e descritiva. No primeiro momento foram buscados artigos e publicações em português, compreendendo os anos de 2002 a 2020. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases de dados como: Scielo, Portal Periódicos da Capes, Medline, revistas de enfermagem, e concomitantemente com um estudo prático realizado a partir de dados obtidos da cidade de Almenara – MG (SINAN) durante o período de 2015 á 2019. Resultados: Com o estudo pode-se constatar que no período compreendido a classificação operacional multibacilar foi a mais prevalente com um percentual de 79,01 % do total de casos, sendo neste percentual a prevalências em pacientes do gênero masculino (73,43%). Conclusão: A hanseníase HM (hanseníase multibacilar) é predominante no município de Almenara. Mais da metade dos pacientes analisados apresentaram incapacidades físicas de classificação grau I, o que gera incapacidade e diminuição da qualidade de vida ao indivíduo. Palavras – chave: Description; Multibacillary leprosy; Quality of life; Late diagnosis. 


JRSM Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 205427042110359
Author(s):  
Paula Marques Ferreira ◽  
Inês Rueff Rato ◽  
Joana Rigor ◽  
Margarida Mota

Hansen's disease, also known as leprosy, is an infection caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae. The authors present the case of a 52-year-old man, born in Tondela and living in Espinho, with no pathological antecedents. The clinical picture began in April 2017, when macular lesions appeared in the lower limbs and rapidly progressed to the trunk and upper limbs, associated with complaints of pruritus but without alterations in the analytical study. After several topical and systemic treatments with glucocorticoids, antifungals, antibacterials and unsuccessful antihistamines, he was referred to an external consultation of Dermatology. He performed a biopsy of one of the lesions that revealed the definitive diagnosis: “Lepromatous Leprosy”. After the biopsy result, he started triple treatment with rifampicin, clofazimine and dapsone with improvement of the condition.


1995 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 929-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waldenise Cossermelli-Messina ◽  
Wilson Cossermelli

For many years immune response in leprosy has been studied. Since 1960 several reports dealing with humoral immunity have been described in the literature. Different autoantibody rates occur in leprosy. There is an increase in the prevalence of autoantibodies in elderly patients with long standing disease, in lepromatous leprosy and in those with reactional states. The diferences in rates among various studies are attributed to different methods and variations among patient samples concerning age, gender, polar forms, therapy and other elements. The prevalence of numerous antibodies, immune complexes, cryoglobulins and complement levels have been studied by many authors. This also highlights the importance of the more recent reviews of anti-Mycobacterium leprae glycolipid antibodies such as the anti-phenolic glycolipid-I antibodies in which titers are variable and depend on genetic factors.


1983 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 460-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Schiefer ◽  
D. M. Middleton

Non-culturable acid-fast bacteria from two spontaneous cases of so-called feline leprosy were transmitted to rats and cats and further passaged in rats or cats. Two to six months after infection, cats developed cutaneous lesions that were indistinguishable from spontaneous cases, including the occurrence of nasal granulomata in one cat. When injected into rats, the mycobacteria caused a generalized mycobacteriosis and the granulomatous reaction was composed chiefly of macrophages without polymorphonuclear granulocytes. Infection of cats with Mycobacterium lepraemurium did not produce any lesions. The feline disease may be a suitable model for the study of human leprosy (Hansen's Disease).


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