scholarly journals Tobacco curly shoot virus Down-Regulated the Expression of nbe-miR167b-3p to Facilitate Its Infection in Nicotiana benthamiana

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Wu ◽  
Gentu Wu ◽  
Lyuxin Wang ◽  
Xu Wang ◽  
Zhuoying Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Leaf Curling ◽  
The Family ◽  
Tobacco Curly Shoot Virus ◽  
Host Virus Interactions ◽  
Virus Interactions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Short Tandem

Tobacco curly shoot virus (TbCSV) belongs to the genus Begomovirus of the family Geminiviridae, and causes leaf curling and curly shoot symptoms in tobacco and tomato crops. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are pivotal modulators of plant development and host-virus interactions. However, the relationship between TbCSV infection and miRNAs accumulation has not been well investigated. The present study was conducted to analyze different expressions of miRNAs in Nicotiana benthamiana in response to the infection of TbCSV via small RNAs sequencing. The results showed that 15 up-regulated miRNAs and 12 down-regulated miRNAs were differentially expressed in TbCSV infected N. benthamiana, and nbe-miR167b-3p was down-regulated. To decipher the relationship between nbe-miR167b-3p expression and the accumulations of TbCSV DNA, pCVA mediation of miRNA overexpression and PVX based short tandem target mimic (STTM) were used in this study. It was found that overexpression of nbe-miR167b-3p attenuated leaf curling symptom of TbCSV and decreased viral DNA accumulation, but suppression of nbe-miR167b-3p expression enhanced the symptoms and accumulation of TbCSV. PRCP, the target gene of nbe-miR167b-3p, was silenced in plants using VIGS and this weakened the viral symptoms and DNA accumulation of TbCSV in the plants. Overall, this study clarified the effect of nbe-miR167b-3p on plant defense during TbCSV infection, and provided a framework to reveal the molecular mechanisms of miRNAs between plants and viruses.

scholarly journals Suppression of nbe-miR1919c-5p Expression in Nicotiana benthamiana Enhances Tobacco Curly Shoot Virus and Its Betasatellite Co-Infection

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 392
Author(s):  
Jiang Du ◽  
Rui Wu ◽  
Zhuoying Liu ◽  
Miao Sun ◽  
Hussein Ghanem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Symptom Development ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Leaf Curling ◽  
Tobacco Curly Shoot Virus ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Diverse Plant ◽  
Short Tandem ◽  
Functional Rna

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding but functional RNA molecules of 21–25 nucleotides in length. MiRNAs play significant regulatory roles in diverse plant biological processes. In order to decipher the relationship between nbe-miR1919c-5p and the accumulations of tobacco curly shoot virus (TbCSV) and its betasatellite (TbCSB) DNAs, as well as viral symptom development, we investigated the function of nbe-miR1919c-5p during TbCSV and TbCSB co-infection in plants using a PVX-and a TRV-based short tandem target mimic (STTM) technology. Suppression of nbe-miR1919c-5p expression using these two technologies enhanced TbCSV and TbCSB co-infection-induced leaf curling symptoms in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Furthermore, suppression of nbe-miR1919c-5p expression enhanced TbCSV and TbCSB DNA accumulations in the infected plants. Our results can advance our knowledge on the nbe-miR1919c-5p function during TbCSV and TbCSB co-infection.

scholarly journals The 5′ Untranslated Region of a Novel Infectious Molecular Clone of the Dicistrovirus Cricket Paralysis Virus Modulates Infection

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (11) ◽  
pp. 5919-5934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig H. Kerr ◽  
Qing S. Wang ◽  
Kathleen Keatings ◽  
Anthony Khong ◽  
Douglas Allan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Untranslated Region ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Insect Cells ◽  
Infectious Clone ◽  
Virus Infectivity ◽  
Viral Translation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Host Virus Interactions ◽  
Virus Interactions ◽  
Paralysis Virus

ABSTRACTDicistroviridaeare a family of RNA viruses that possesses a single-stranded positive-sense RNA genome containing two distinct open reading frames (ORFs), each preceded by an internal ribosome entry site that drives translation of the viral structural and nonstructural proteins, respectively. The type species,Cricket paralysis virus(CrPV), has served as a model for studying host-virus interactions; however, investigations into the molecular mechanisms of CrPV and other dicistroviruses have been limited as an established infectious clone was elusive. Here, we report the construction of an infectious molecular clone of CrPV. Transfection ofin vitro-transcribed RNA from the CrPV clone intoDrosophilaSchneider line 2 (S2) cells resulted in cytopathic effects, viral RNA accumulation, detection of negative-sense viral RNA, and expression of viral proteins. Transmission electron microscopy, viral titers, and immunofluorescence-coupled transwell assays demonstrated that infectious viral particles are released from transfected cells. In contrast, mutant clones containing stop codons in either ORF decreased virus infectivity. Injection of adultDrosophilaflies with virus derived from CrPV clones but not UV-inactivated clones resulted in mortality. Molecular analysis of the CrPV clone revealed a 196-nucleotide duplication within its 5′ untranslated region (UTR) that stimulated translation of reporter constructs. In cells infected with the CrPV clone, the duplication inhibited viral infectivity yet did not affect viral translation or RNA accumulation, suggesting an effect on viral packaging or entry. The generation of the CrPV infectious clone provides a powerful tool for investigating the viral life cycle and pathogenesis of dicistroviruses and may further understanding of fundamental host-virus interactions in insect cells.IMPORTANCEDicistroviridae, which are RNA viruses that infect arthropods, have served as a model to gain insights into fundamental host-virus interactions in insect cells. Further insights into the viral molecular mechanisms are hampered due to a lack of an established infectious clone. We report the construction of the first infectious clone of the dicistrovirus, cricket paralysis virus (CrPV). We show that transfection of the CrPV clone RNA intoDrosophilacells led to production of infectious particles that resemble natural CrPV virions and result in cytopathic effects and expression of CrPV proteins and RNA in infected cells. The CrPV clone should provide insights into the dicistrovirus life cycle and host-virus interactions in insect cells. Using this clone, we find that a 196-nucleotide duplication within the 5′ untranslated region of the CrPV clone increased viral translation in reporter constructs but decreased virus infectivity, thus revealing a balance that interplays between viral translation and replication.

scholarly journals Pathways and microRNAs bioinformatics analyses identifying possible existing therapeutics for COVID-19 treatment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Teodori ◽  
Piero Sestili ◽  
Valeria Madiai ◽  
Sofia Coppari ◽  
Daniele Fraternale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Hdac Inhibitors ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Bioinformatics Analyses ◽  
Off Label ◽  
Host Virus Interactions ◽  
Virus Interactions ◽  
Ranked List

Abstract Over 180.000 SARS-COV-2 positive cases have been confirmed in Italy as April 20, with the number of deaths exceeding 23 thousand, making Italy the second Country for world COVID-19 deaths. Such enormous occurrence of infected and dead people raises the urgent demand of effective fast available treatments to control and diminish this pandemic. Discovering the cellular/molecular mechanisms of SARS-COV-2 pathogenicity is of paramount importance to understand how the infection becomes a disease and for therapeutically approaching it. From literature data, through a bioinformatics approach, an in silico analysis was performed, to predict the putative virus targets and evidence the already available therapeutics. Literature experimental results identified angiotensin-converting enzyme ACE and Spike proteins particularly involved in COVID-19. We thus investigate on the signaling pathways modulated by the two proteins through query miRNet, the platform linking miRNAs, targets and functions. We predicted microRNAs (miRs), miR-335-5p and miR-26b-5p, as being modulated by Spike and ACE together with deacetylate histones pathway HDAC. Our results matched with the available clinical data. We hypothesize the current and EMA-approved, SARS-COV-2 off-label, HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) drugs may be repurposed to limit or block host-virus interactions. A ranked list of compounds is given that can be tested.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL STUDIES ON HOST-VIRUS INTERACTIONS

1946 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 511-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seymour S. Cohen ◽  
Thomas F. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Cytoplasmic Granules ◽  
E Coli ◽  
T4 Bacteriophage ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Host Virus Interactions ◽  
Virus Interactions ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Similar Substance

The addition of active or irradiated T2 bacteriophage and T4 bacteriophage to E. coli B stops bacterial multiplication. The respiratory rate and respiratory quotient of the inhibited bacteria remained at the values observed just before infection. A respiratory rate decrease which occasionally appears can be roughly correlated with change of turbidity of the suspension. An intracellular inhibitor of multiplication appears to be liberated into lysates. A similar substance has been separated from normal E. coli B after sonic disintegration. These bacteriostatic preparations contain cytoplasmic granules with lactic acid dehydrogenase activity. The relationship of these phenomena to the interference effect in this system and others has been considered.

scholarly journals Pathways and microRNAs bioinformatics analyses identifying possible existing therapeutics for COVID-19 treatment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Teodori ◽  
Piero Sestili ◽  
Valeria Madiai ◽  
Sofia Coppari ◽  
Daniele Fraternale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Hdac Inhibitors ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Bioinformatics Analyses ◽  
Off Label ◽  
Host Virus Interactions ◽  
Virus Interactions ◽  
Ranked List

Abstract Over 180.000 SARS-COV-2 positive cases have been confirmed in Italy as April 20, with the number of deaths exceeding 23 thousand, making Italy the second Country for world COVID-19 deaths. Such enormous occurrence of infected and dead people raises the urgent demand of effective fast available treatments to control and diminish this pandemic. Discovering the cellular/molecular mechanisms of SARS-COV-2 pathogenicity is of paramount importance to understand how the infection becomes a disease and for therapeutically approaching it. From literature data, through a bioinformatics approach, an in silico analysis was performed, to predict the putative virus targets and evidence the already available therapeutics. Literature experimental results identified angiotensin-converting enzyme ACE and Spike proteins particularly involved in COVID-19. We thus investigate on the signaling pathways modulated by the two proteins through query miRNet, the platform linking miRNAs, targets and functions. We predicted microRNAs (miRs), miR-335-5p and miR-26b-5p, as being modulated by Spike and ACE together with deacetylate histones pathway HDAC. Our results matched with the available clinical data. We hypothesize the current and EMA-approved, SARS-COV-2 off-label, HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) drugs may be repurposed to limit or block host-virus interactions. A ranked list of compounds is given that can be tested.

scholarly journals MicroRNAs Bioinformatics Analyses Identifying HDAC Pathway as a Putative Target for Existing Anti‐COVID‐19 Therapeutics

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Teodori ◽  
Piero Sestili ◽  
Valeria Madiai ◽  
Sofia Coppari ◽  
Daniele Fraternale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Bioinformatics Analysis ◽  
Hdac Inhibitors ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Bioinformatics Analyses ◽  
Off Label ◽  
Putative Target ◽  
Host Virus Interactions ◽  
Virus Interactions ◽  
Ranked List

Over 313,000 SARS-CoV-2 positive cases have been confirmed in Italy as of 30 September 2020, and the number of deaths exceeding thirty-five thousand makes Italy among the list of most significantly affected countries in the world. Such an enormous occurrence of infections and death raises the urgent demand for effective available treatments. Discovering the cellular/molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity is of paramount importance to understand how the infection becomes a disease and how to plan any therapeutic approach. In this regard, we performed an in silico analysis to predict the putative virus targets and evidence the already available therapeutics. Literature experimental results identified angiotensin-converting enzyme ACE and Spike proteins particularly involved in COVID-19. Consequently, we investigated the signalling pathways modulated by the two proteins through query miRNet, the platform linking miRNAs, targets, and functions. Our bioinformatics analysis predicted microRNAs (miRs), miR-335-5p and miR-26b-5p, as being modulated by Spike and ACE together with histone deacetylate (HDAC) pathway. Notably, our results identified ACE/ACE2-ATR1-Cholesterol-HDAC axis signals that also matched with some available clinical data. We hypothesize that the current and EMA-approved, SARS-CoV-2 off-label HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) drugs may be repurposed to limit or block host-virus interactions. Moreover, a ranked list of compounds is provided for further evaluation for safety, efficacy, and effectiveness.

Intergenerational Family Relations in Luxembourg

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Albert ◽  
Dieter Ferring ◽  
Tom Michels
Keyword(s):  
Family Relations ◽  
Family Values ◽  
Generation Gap ◽  
Intergenerational Solidarity ◽  
Acculturation Gap ◽  
Family Obligations ◽  
Mothers And Daughters ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Model Family

According to the intergenerational solidarity model, family members who share similar values about family obligations should have a closer relationship and support each other more than families with a lower value consensus. The present study first describes similarities and differences between two family generations (mothers and daughters) with respect to their adherence to family values and, second, examines patterns of relations between intergenerational consensus on family values, affectual solidarity, and functional solidarity in a sample of 51 mother-daughter dyads comprising N = 102 participants from Luxembourgish and Portuguese immigrant families living in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. Results showed a small generation gap in values of hierarchical gender roles, but an acculturation gap was found in Portuguese mother-daughter dyads regarding obligations toward the family. A higher mother-daughter value consensus was related to higher affectual solidarity of daughters toward their mothers but not vice versa. Whereas affection and value consensus both predicted support provided by daughters to their mothers, affection mediated the relationship between consensual solidarity and received maternal support. With regard to mothers, only affection predicted provided support for daughters, whereas mothers’ perception of received support from their daughters was predicted by value consensus and, in the case of Luxembourgish mothers, by affection toward daughters.

Family Firms, Social Responsibility, and Non-Family Member Employees Identification

Think India ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
Ang Bao
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Family Member ◽  
Program Implementation ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
The Family ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Csr Engagement

The objective of this paper is to find the relationship between family firms’ CSR engagement and their non-family member employees’ organisational identification. Drawing upon the existing literature on social identity theory, corporate social responsibility and family firms, the author proposes that family firms engage actively in CSR programs in a balanced manner to increase non-family member employees’ organisational identification. The findings of the research suggest that by developing and implementing balanced CSR programs, and actively getting engaged in CSR activities, family firms may help their non-family member employees better identify themselves with the firms. The article points out that due to unbalanced CSR resource allocation, family firms face the problem of inefficient CSR program implementation, and are suggested to switch alternatively to an improved scheme. Family firms may be advised to take corresponding steps to select right employees, communicate better with non-family member employees, use resources better and handle firms’ succession problems efficiently. The paper extends employees’ identification and CSR research into the family firm research domain and points out some drawbacks in family firms’ CSR resource allocation while formerly were seldom noticed.

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