scholarly journals Using Metabolomics to Differentiate Player Positions in Elite Male Basketball Games: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayvan Khoramipour ◽  
Abbas Ali Gaeini ◽  
Elham Shirzad ◽  
Kambiz Gilany ◽  
Karim Chamari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Profiles ◽  
Acetoacetic Acid ◽  
Jump Frequency ◽  
Metabolomics Data ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Time Motion ◽  
Static Effort ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Player Positions ◽  
External Loads

Purpose: The current study compared metabolic profiles and movement patterns between different player positions and explored relationships between indicators of internal and external loads during elite male basketball games.Methods: Five main players from 14 basketball teams (n = 70) were selected as subjects and defined as backcourt (positions 1–3) or frontcourt (positions 4–5) players. Video-based time motion analysis (VBTMA) was performed based on players’ individual maximal speeds. Movements were classified into high and low intensity running with and without ball, high and low intensity shuffling, static effort and jumps. Saliva samples were collected before and after 40-min basketball games with metabolomics data being analyzed by multivariate statistics. Independent t-tests were used to compare VBTMA.Results: Frequency, duration, and distance of high and low intensity running and -shuffling were higher in backcourt players, whereas static effort duration and frequency as well as jump frequency were higher in frontcourt players (all p ≤ 0.05). The levels of taurine, succinic acid, citric acid, pyruvate, glycerol, acetoacetic acid, acetone, and hypoxanthine were higher in backcourt players, while lactate, alanine, 3-methylhistidine were higher and methionine was lower in frontcourt players (all p < 0.05). High intensity running with ball was significantly associated by acetylecholine, hopoxanthine, histidine, lactic acid and leucine in backcourt players (p < 0.05).Conclusion: We demonstrate different metabolic profiles of backcourt and frontcourt players during elite male basketball games; while aerobic metabolic changes are more present in backcourt players, frontcourt players showed lager changes in anaerobic metabolic pathways due to more static movements.

The Flash Technique in a Low-Intensity Group Trauma Intervention for Healthcare Providers Impacted by COVID-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
pp. EMDR-D-20-00053
Author(s):  
Philip E. Manfield ◽  
Lewis Engel ◽  
Ricky Greenwald ◽  
David G. Bullard
Keyword(s):  
Group Intervention ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Traumatic Memories ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Flash Technique ◽  
Rapid Relief

The flash technique (FT) is a low-intensity individual or group intervention that appears to rapidly lessen the distress of disturbing and traumatic memories. This paper reports on the safety and effectiveness of group FT with 77 healthcare providers and 98 psychotherapists impacted by working with COVID-19 patients. One-hour webinars included 30 minutes of psychoeducation and two guided 15-minute FT interventions, focused on participants’ most distressing pandemic-related memory. Before and after each 15-minute FT intervention, they rated that memory using the 11-point zero-to-ten subjective units of disturbance (SUD) scale. Results from both interventions were highly significant with large effect sizes (p < .001, Hedges’ g = 2.01, Hedges’ g = 2.39). No adverse reactions were reported. For 35 participants who processed the same memory in both interventions, the pre–post SUD scores from the beginning of intervention #1 to the end of intervention #2 showed a significant reduction with a large effect size (p < .001, Hedges’ g = 3.80). For this group, both intervention #1 and intervention #2 showed significant reductions with large effect sizes (p < .001, Hedges’ g = 2.00) (p < .001, Hedges’ g = 1.18). Follow-up SUD scores were obtained from 58 participants, with the mean disturbance level showing a significant further decrease. These findings provide preliminary evidence that group FT appears to safely provide rapid relief from disturbing memories. FT merits further research.

Time Motion Study in a Pediatric Emergency Department Before and After Computer Physician Order Entry

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-468.e1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Yen ◽  
Elizabeth L. Shane ◽  
Sachin S. Pawar ◽  
Nicole D. Schwendel ◽  
Robert J. Zimmanck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Pediatric Emergency ◽  
Pediatric Emergency Department ◽  
Order Entry ◽  
Time Motion ◽  
Motion Study ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Physician Order Entry

Do tropical savanna skink assemblages show a short-term response to low-intensity fire?

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn Nicholson ◽  
Alan Lill ◽  
Alan Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Tropical Savanna ◽  
Weather Variables ◽  
Fire Event ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Term Response

The composition of skink assemblages at a tropical savanna site in northern Australia was documented immediately before and after low-intensity, experimental fires in the early dry season (June), and compared with the composition in neighbouring unburnt plots. The composition of the assemblage of captured skinks was not significantly affected by fire, and no change in total abundance of skinks was recorded. Arthropods constitute the principal food of the skinks and the composition of the captured arthropod samples on the treatment plots was significantly affected by the fires, with spiders, beetles and hemipterans increasing in numbers during the immediate post-fire period. Seasonal changes in captured skink assemblage composition, unrelated to the fire event, occurred between the wet–dry season transition and the early dry season. These changes were associated with variation in four weather variables and were possibly also related to seasonal reproductive activity. Our study demonstrates a high degree of resilience of savanna skinks to individual fire events; however, the longer-term effect of different fire regimes requires further investigation.

Effects of Bout Duration on Players’ Internal and External Loads During Small-Sided Games in Young Soccer Players

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1370-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf Köklü ◽  
Utku Alemdaroğlu ◽  
Hamit Cihan ◽  
Del P. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Playing Time ◽  
External Loads

Purpose: To investigate the effects of different bout durations on internal and external loads of young soccer players during different small-sided games (SSGs). Methods: Fifteen young male soccer players (average age 17 ± 1 y) participated in 2 vs 2, 3 vs 3, and 4 vs 4 SSGs. All games lasted 12 min playing time in total, but each SSG format further consisted of 4 bout durations: continuous (CON: 1 bout × 12 min) or interval with short (SBD: 6 bouts  × 2 min), medium (MBD: 3 bouts × 4 min), or long (LBD: 2 bouts × 6 min) bout durations. During the SSGs, heart-rate (HR) responses and distance covered in different speed zones (walking and low-intensity, moderate-intensity, and high-intensity running) were measured. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and blood lactate (La−) were determined at the end of each SSG. Results: The SBD format elicited significantly lower %HRmax responses compared to LBD and CON in all formats (P < .05). The SBD format also showed significantly shorter distances covered in walking and greater distances covered in moderate-intensity running, as well as significantly greater total distance covered compared to LBD and CON in all formats (P < .05). In addition, LBD produced significantly lower La− and RPE responses than SBD and CON in all formats (P < .05). Conclusions: These results suggest that coaches and sport scientists who want to achieve higher internal loads could use SBD and CON timing protocols, while those who want to achieve higher external loads might prefer to use SBD and MBD when planning all SSG formats.

scholarly journals Análise temporal de combates de Muay-Thai de nível nacional: Efeitos da fase competitiva

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrício Boscolo Del Vecchio ◽  
Jerônimo Jaspe Rodrigues Silva ◽  
Charles Bartel Farias
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Generalized Linear Model ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
National Level ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Combat Sport ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Preparation Time ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Time Motion

<em>Introduction:</em><strong> </strong>Temporal analysis of matches allows the study of fighting patterns in combat sports. With this procedure, we can recreate the efforts in specific training. However, up to date have no information concerning temporal analysis considering competitive level in Muay-Thai. <em>Objective:</em><strong> </strong>To investigate temporal characteristics of Muay-Thai athletes in official competition from national level, considering round, and to compare preliminary combats with those that had medal disputes. <em>Material and methods:</em> Were recorded 65 matches in a Brazilian championship. We conducted <em>in loco</em> recording. To time-motion analysis, Software Kinovea™ was used. Were considered Observation, Preparation and Interaction periods, as well as high intensity and low intensity ratio (HI:LI). The average duration of the rounds between competitive phases (preliminary or finals) was compared with a <em>t</em> test. A generalized linear model was applied considering effort duration as dependent variable and competitive level, round and effort type as independent. Significant level was set in 5%. <em>Results:</em> Were registered 7 to 8 s of Observation, near from 3 s of Preparation and 4 to 5.5 s of Interaction effort type, and the duration of Observation effort was significantly superior the others. Significant differences were observed in the Interaction between preliminary and finals (respectively 5.5 ± 0.3 s and 3.7 ± 0.5 s; p &lt; 0.05). Pooling the Observation and Preparation time as low intensity (LI), and Interaction as high intensity (HI) efforts, the HI:LI ratio was 1:2in eliminatory and 1:3 in the final matches. <em>Conclusions:</em><strong> </strong>Muay-Thai is an intermittent combat sport, the duration of Interaction effort type is lower in final in comparison to preliminary matches.

scholarly journals Long-Term Efficacy of Low-Intensity Single Donor Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Ulcerative Colitis and Outcome-Specific Gut Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongrong Ren ◽  
Xuefeng Gao ◽  
Yichao Shi ◽  
Jianfeng Li ◽  
Lihua Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Bacteroides Fragilis ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Single Donor ◽  
Before And After

Aims: To assess the long-term efficacy and safety of single-donor, low-intensity fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in treating ulcerative colitis (UC), and to identify the outcome-specific gut bacteria.Design: Thirty-one patients with active UC (Mayo scores ≥ 3) were recruited, and all received FMT twice, at the start of the study and 2∼3 months later, respectively, with a single donor and a long-term follow-up. The fecal microbiome profile was accessed via 16S rRNA sequencing before and after FMT.Results: After the first FMT, 22.58% (7/31) of patients achieved clinical remission and endoscopy remission, with the clinical response rate of 67.74% (21/31), which increased to 55% (11/20) and 80% (16/20), respectively, after the second FMT. No serious adverse events occurred in all patients. During 4 years of follow-up, the mean remission period of patients was 26.5 ± 19.98 m; the relapse rate in the 12 remission patients was 33.33% within 1 year, and 58.3% within 4 years. At baseline, UC patients showed an enrichment in some proinflammatory microorganisms compared to the donor, such as Bacteroides fragilis, Clostridium difficile, and Ruminococcus gnavus, and showed reduced amounts of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producing bacteria especially Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. FMT induced taxonomic compositional changes in the recipient gut microbiota, resulting in a donor-like state. Given this specific donor, UC recipients with different outcomes showed distinct gut microbial features before and after FMT. In prior to FMT, relapse was characterized by higher abundances of Bacteroides fragilis and Lachnospiraceae incertae sedis, together with lower abundances of Bacteroides massiliensis, Roseburia, and Ruminococcus; Prevotella copri was more abundant in the non-responders (NR); and the patients with sustained remission (SR) had a higher abundance of Bifidobacterium breve. After FMT, the NR patients had a lower level of Bifidobacterium compared to those with relapse (Rel) and SR, while a higher level of Bacteroides spp. was observed in the Rel group.Conclusion: Low-intensity single donor FMT could induce long remission in active UC. The gut microbiota composition in UC patients at baseline may be predictive of therapeutic response to FMT.

Widely used charcoal analysis method in paleo studies involving NaOCl results in loss of charcoal formed below 400°C

The Holocene ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 095968362110417
Author(s):  
Mark Constantine ◽  
Scott Mooney
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Fire History ◽  
Total Surface Area ◽  
Dilute Solution ◽  
Charcoal Analysis ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Non Destructive

This study investigated the effects a dilute solution of bleach (4% sodium hypochlorite), has on charcoal. We were particularly interested in considering if charcoal formed under different conditions of pyrolysis was differentially affected by this treatment, which is commonly used for the quantification of charcoal in sediments. We first produced a series of charcoal samples, under laboratory conditions (at temperatures between 250°C and 800°C and under oxygen limited conditions) and then measured total surface area of charcoal before and after treatment in a solution of 4% bleach. We found that charcoal formed ⩽400°C showed nearly complete bleaching after 24 h, while high temperature charcoal (>400°C) was much more resistant. These results indicate this treatment bleaches charcoal formed at lower temperatures: this means particles charred at low temperature may not be quantified in common optical counting or image analysis methods. This could have serious ramifications for sediment-based paleofire research as low intensity fire may be lost from a record, and the resulting fire history biased towards high intensity (high temperature) fires. Our findings suggest the need for a new, non-destructive method for extracting charcoal from sediment.

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