An Overview of Systematic Reviews of Ginkgo biloba Extracts for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia

ObjectiveTo summarise evidence on the preventive effects of continuing education on mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s-type dementia in adults 45 years or older.DesignSystematic review and overview of systematic reviews.Data sourcesWe systematically searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Scopus for published studies and grey literature databases for unpublished studies from January 1990 to April 2018.MethodsTo assess evidence directly addressing our objectives, we conducted a systematic review. Because we were aware of a dearth of direct evidence, we also performed an overview of systematic reviews on leisure activities that mimic formal continuing education. We a priori established the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two authors independently assessed inclusion and exclusion at the abstract and full-text level, rated the risk of bias, and determined the certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. We resolved all discrepancies by consensus. We synthesised the available evidence narratively.ResultsOur searches identified 4933 citations. For the systematic review, only two publications on the same prospective cohort study (Tasmanian Healthy Brain Project) met the inclusion criteria; for the overview of reviews, we included five systematic reviews. Based on 459 participants, preliminary data of the ongoing cohort study indicated that cognitive reserve statistically significantly increased in persons attending university classes compared with the control group (92.5% vs 55.7%, p<0.01). Likewise, language processing capacities statistically significantly improved (p<0.01). Episodic memory, working memory and executive function did not differ significantly between groups. Systematic reviews consistently reported a positive association between participation in cognitively stimulating leisure activities and reduced incidence of dementia and improved cognitive test performance.ConclusionAvailable results demonstrate that cognitive reserve increases through continuing education and show a positive association of cognitive leisure activities with both improved cognitive function and lower dementia incidence.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017063944.

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The effects of Huperzine A on dementia and mild cognitive impairment: An overview of systematic reviews

Phytotherapy Research ◽

10.1002/ptr.7126 ◽

2021 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nafiseh Ghassab‐Abdollahi ◽

Khorshid Mobasseri ◽

Ali Dehghani Ahmadabad ◽

Haidar Nadrian ◽

Mojgan Mirghafourvand

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Systematic Reviews ◽

Huperzine A ◽

Overview Of Systematic Reviews

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New Therapeutic Approaches to Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Dementia: The Role of Ginkgo Biloba (EGb 761®)

10.20944/preprints202102.0193.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Carlo Tomino ◽

Sara Ilari ◽

Vincenzo Solfrizzi ◽

Valentina Malafoglia ◽

Guglielmo Zilio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Combination Therapy ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Ginkgo Biloba ◽

Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽

Mild Dementia ◽

Dementia Syndrome

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild dementia are a clinically relevant health problem in the elderly and Alzheimer's disease being the most common neurodegenerative disorder. Furthermore, MCI and mild dementia are characterized by a deterioration of cognitive function and their diagnosis is mainly based on cognitive examination and, the prognosis of the disease seems to be an essential reason for the diagnosis, because there is a high risk of cognitive decline in the two syndromes. This review describes the effectiveness of Ginkgo biloba (EGb761®) leaf extract for the treatment of dementia syndrome and EGb761® combination therapy with other medications for symptomatic dementia. Tebonin® is a drug of plant origin based on the active ingredient “Ginkgo biloba”. This drug has shown encouraging results, improving cognitive function, neuropsychiatric disorders and consequent reduction of caregiver stress and maintenance of autonomy in patients with age-related cognitive decline, MCI and mild dementia. Nowadays, there is little evidence to support the efficacy of EGb761® combination therapy with anti-dementia drugs and, therefore, more evidence is needed to evaluate the role of EGb761® in mixed therapy.

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Ginkgo Biloba for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1568026615666150813143520 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. 520-528 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Guoyan Yang ◽

Yuyi Wang ◽

Jin Sun ◽

Kang Zhang ◽

Jianping Liu

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Randomized Controlled Trials ◽

Ginkgo Biloba ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Randomized Controlled

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Effects of Ginkgo Biloba Special Extract EGb 761® in Very Mild Cognitive Impairment (vMCI)

Neuroscience &amp Medicine ◽

10.4236/nm.2011.21007 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 02 (01) ◽

pp. 48-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Brigitte Grass-Kapanke ◽

Arija Busmane ◽

Andris Lasmanis ◽

Robert Hoerr ◽

Reiner Kaschel

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Ginkgo Biloba ◽

Egb 761

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Commentary: Ginkgo Biloba for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer 's disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Journal of Neurology and Neuromedicine ◽

10.29245/2572.942x/2016/8.1083 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (8) ◽

pp. 4-6

Author(s):

Jianping Liu

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Randomized Controlled Trials ◽

Ginkgo Biloba ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Randomized Controlled

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Effectiveness and Safety Profile of Ginkgo Biloba Standardized Extract (EGb761®) in Patients with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment

CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871527320666210208125524 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

Author(s):

Ovidiu Băjenaru ◽

Gabriel Prada ◽

Florina Antochi ◽

Cătălin Jianu ◽

Cătălina Tudose ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Ginkgo Biloba ◽

Daily Living ◽

Cognitive Disorders ◽

Ginkgo Biloba Extract ◽

Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Minimal Improvement ◽

Severity Of Depression

Background: Ginkgo biloba is a commonsymptomatic treatment for cognitive impairment, although data on its efficacy are controversial. Objective: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of standardized Ginkgo biloba extract EGb761® (Tanakan®) on the improvements in cognitive functions over 24 months in a local cohort of patients diagnosed with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Methods: This multicentre non-interventional study included 500 eligible patients with aMCI treated with 120 mg/day standardized Ginkgo biloba extract EGb761® (Tanakan®). Patients were evaluated using several scales for assessment of cognition, memory, activities of daily living and depression (MMSE, FAQ, CGI, HAM-D) at baseline and every 6 months thereafter for a 24-month period. The median change in MMSE at the 24-month follow-up was the primary outcome of the study. Results: A statistically significant increase of 2 points in the median MMSE score was obtained. In patients with other concomitant cognitive disorders, the improvement in MMSE was less significant. Tanakan® improved memory impairment (using the delayed recall test) and the ability to accomplish activities of daily living (mean FAQ score, 1.7); it also decreased the severity of depression (mean HAM-D score, 2.4) at the end of the study. More than 80% of the patients showed at least minimal improvement of their condition as assessed by the CGI-Improvement Scale. Conclusions: The administration of EGb761® (Tanakan®) led to a significant improvement of cognitive decline, memory, activities of daily living and depression in subjects with aMCI over 24 months.

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