scholarly journals Clinical Analysis of Pediatric Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome in One of the National Children's Medical Center in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haixia Zhu ◽  
Wenlin Wu ◽  
Lianfeng Chen ◽  
Chi Hou ◽  
Yiru Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Severity Score ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Clinical Analysis ◽  
Human Rhinovirus ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Long Term Prognosis ◽  
Opsoclonus Myoclonus Syndrome

Objective: To study the clinical characteristics and treatment of pediatric opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (OMS).Methods: We analyzed the clinical data of nine children OMS between June 2017 and Nov 2020.Results: Nine children (M/F = 3:6, median onset age was 18 months) diagnosed with OMS were included in the study. Before onset, human rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus were seen in one patient, respectively. And one patient received Japanese encephalitis vaccination. Three patients had neuroblastoma, and one patient had ganglioneuroblastoma. All patients' symptoms were improved after receiving surgery (for four patients with tumor), intravenous human immunoglobulin and pulsed methylprednisolone. However, four patients without mass relapsed and became relapse free after rituximab treatment. The relapse rate was 44.4% (4/9). The OMS severity score at the last follow-up was significantly lower than the OMS severity score at onset (3.0 ± 1.0 vs. 11.0 ± 2.2, paired-samples t-test, P < 0.001). All patients had at least one item of neurological symptoms or neuropsychological disturbances.Conclusion: For pediatric OMS, human rhinovirus infection and respiratory syncytial virus infection can be seen before onset. Rituximab is effective in reducing relapse. Improving recognition and long-term prognosis in OMS is urgent.

scholarly journals Infantile respiratory syncytial virus and human rhinovirus infections: respective role in inception and persistence of wheezing

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 774-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni A. Rossi ◽  
Andrew A. Colin
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Human Rhinovirus ◽  
Allergic Sensitisation ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
History Of ◽  
Syncytial Virus

There is evidence that respiratory viruses play a key role in the development and exacerbation of obstructive respiratory diseases in children. This review attempts to juxtapose the separate profiles and prototypes of pathogenenetic mechanisms represented by the two most common amongst such viruses: respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human rhinovirus (HRV).RSV represents the most common agent of severe airway disease in infants and young children, and is predominant in winter months. Large epidemiological studies have revealed an unequivocal relationship between RSV infection and subsequent wheezing into childhood, thought to be related to long-term changes in neuroimmune control of the airways rather than allergic sensitisation.HRV is a highly diverse group of viruses that affect subjects of all ages, is ubiquitous and occurs year-round. In contrast to RSV, infections with HRV cause minimal cytotoxicity but induce a rapid production of cytokines and chemokines with amplification of the inflammatory response. The susceptibility to HRV-induced bronchiolitis and subsequent wheezing appears to be linked to individual predisposition since it is often associated with a family or personal history of asthma/atopy.Thus, RSV probably serves as an “inducer” rather than a “trigger”. Conversely, HRVs seem to serve as a “trigger” rather than an “inducer” in predisposed individuals.

scholarly journals Interference Between Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Human Rhinovirus Infection in Infancy

2017 ◽  
Vol 215 (7) ◽  
pp. 1102-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niek B. Achten ◽  
Pingsheng Wu ◽  
Louis Bont ◽  
Maarten O. Blanken ◽  
Tebeb Gebretsadik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Human Rhinovirus ◽  
Rhinovirus Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus

scholarly journals Evaluation of Small Molecule Combinations against Respiratory Syncytial Virus In Vitro

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2607
Author(s):  
Yuzhen Gao ◽  
Jingjing Cao ◽  
Pan Xing ◽  
Ralf Altmeyer ◽  
Youming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Fusion Inhibitors ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Statistical Program ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major pathogen that causes severe lower respiratory tract infection in infants, the elderly and the immunocompromised worldwide. At present no approved specific drugs or vaccines are available to treat this pathogen. Recently, several promising candidates targeting RSV entry and multiplication steps are under investigation. However, it is possible to lead to drug resistance under the long-term treatment. Therapeutic combinations constitute an alternative to prevent resistance and reduce antiviral doses. Therefore, we tested in vitro two-drug combinations of fusion inhibitors (GS5806, Ziresovir and BMS433771) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex (RdRp) inhibitors (ALS8176, RSV604, and Cyclopamine). The statistical program MacSynergy II was employed to determine synergism, additivity or antagonism between drugs. From the result, we found that combinations of ALS8176 and Ziresovir or GS5806 exhibit additive effects against RSV in vitro, with interaction volume of 50 µM2% and 31 µM2% at 95% confidence interval, respectively. On the other hand, all combinations between fusion inhibitors showed antagonistic effects against RSV in vitro, with volume of antagonism ranging from −50 µM2 % to −176 µM2 % at 95% confidence interval. Over all, our results suggest the potentially therapeutic combinations in combating RSV in vitro could be considered for further animal and clinical evaluations.

Long-term consequences of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis

2000 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bont ◽  
W.M.C.van Aalderen ◽  
J.L.L. Kimpen
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Abstract 204: Echocardiographic Evidence for Systemic Atherosclerosis, Atrial Fibrillation, and Long-Term Prognosis in Stroke Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Pieper ◽  
Michael Ashamalla ◽  
Neil Yager ◽  
Daniel Sedhom ◽  
Khetan Gate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Normal Sinus Rhythm ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Academic Medical Center ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Long Term Prognosis ◽  
Echocardiographic Evidence

Background: Echocardiography is routinely performed for evaluation of cardiac embolic causes in stroke patients. We sought to examine the association of echocardiographic evidence of atherosclerosis with atrial fibrillation and long-term outcomes. Materials and methods: Retrospective chart review was performed in 756 consecutive patients treated for non-hemorrhagic stroke at a single academic medical center. Transthoracic echocardiograms were reviewed for presence of mitral annular calcifications, aortic valve sclerosis, or aortic atherosclerosis. Admission ECG and telemetry recordings were evaluated for documented dysrhythmias. Mean follow up length was 46+/- 20 months. Results: A significant number (57.7%) of patients with non-hemorrhagic stroke diagnosed with atrial fibrillation had evidence of cardiac and systemic atherosclerosis on transthoracic echocardiogram, which was less likely in patients with normal sinus rhythm (35.4%) or non-sinus non-atrial fibrillation rhythms (37.1%, p<0.05). Findings of cardiac and systemic atherosclerosis were more common in older patients (75+/- 11 vs 60+/- 16 years old, p<.001), with lower BMI (27.4+/- 6.0 vs. 29+/- 6.5, p<.001), and hypertension (71.9% vs. 59.2 %, p=.002). Patients with findings of cardiac and systemic atherosclerosis were more likely to die during follow-up (56.1% vs. 43.9%, p<.001). Conclusion: In patients with non-hemorrhagic stroke, cardiac and systemic evidence of atherosclerosis was strongly associated with atrial fibrillation and portended poor long-term prognosis. In stroke patients with cardiac and systemic evidence of atherosclerosis and rhythms other than atrial fibrillation, extended ECG monitoring may be warranted.

scholarly journals Novel Variants of Respiratory Syncytial Virus A ON1 Associated With Increased Clinical Severity of Bronchiolitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-110
Author(s):  
Fabio Midulla ◽  
Greta Di Mattia ◽  
Raffaella Nenna ◽  
Carolina Scagnolari ◽  
Agnese Viscido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Severity Score ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Clinical Severity Score ◽  
Glycosylation Sites ◽  
Novel Variants ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Abstract Background A study of respiratory syncytial virus-A (RSV A) genotype ON1 genetic variability and clinical severity in infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis over 6 epidemic seasons (2012–2013 to 2017–2018) was carried out. Methods From prospectively enrolled term infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis, samples positive for RSV A ON1 (N = 139) were sequenced in the second half of the G gene. Patients’ clinical data were obtained from medical files and each infant was assigned a clinical severity score. ANOVA comparison and adjusted multinomial logistic regression were used to evaluate clinical severity score and clinical parameters. Results The phylogenetic analysis of 54 strains showed 3 distinct clades; sequences in the last 2 seasons differed from previous seasons. The most divergent and numerous cluster of 2017–2018 strains was characterized by a novel pattern of amino acid changes, some in antigenic sites. Several amino acid changes altered predicted glycosylation sites, with acquisition of around 10 new O-glycosylation sites. Clinical severity of bronchiolitis increased in 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 and changed according to the epidemic seasons only. Conclusions Amino acid changes in the hypervariable part of G protein may have altered functions and/or changed its immunogenicity, leading to an impact on disease severity.

scholarly journals Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease Severity in Young Children

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaid Haddadin ◽  
Stockton Beveridge ◽  
Kailee Fernandez ◽  
Danielle A Rankin ◽  
Varvara Probst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Severity Score ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Inpatient Settings ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Abstract Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in hospitalized children. Although prematurity and underlying medical conditions are known risk factors, most of these children are healthy, and factors including RSV load and subgroups may contribute to severity. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the role of RSV in ARI severity and determine factors associated with increased RSV-ARI severity in young children. Methods Children aged &lt;5 years with fever and/or ARI symptoms were recruited from the emergency department (ED) or inpatient settings at Vanderbilt Children’s Hospital. Nasal and/or throat swabs were tested using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction for common respiratory viruses, including RSV. A severity score was calculated for RSV-positive children. Results From November 2015 through July 2016, 898 participants were enrolled, and 681 (76%) had at least 1 virus detected, with 191 (28%) testing positive for RSV. RSV-positive children were more likely to be hospitalized, require intensive care unit admission, and receive oxygen compared with children positive for other viruses. Higher viral load, White race, younger age, and higher severity score were independently associated with hospitalization in RSV-positive children. No differences in disease severity were noted between RSV A and RSV B. Conclusions RSV was associated with increased ARI severity in young children enrolled from the ED and inpatient settings, but no differences in disease severity were noted between RSV A and RSV B. These findings emphasize the need for antiviral therapy and/or preventive measures such as vaccines against RSV in young children.

Recommendations for the use of palivizumab as prophylaxis against respiratory syncytial virus in infants with congenital cardiac disease

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 420-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Tulloh ◽  
Michael Marsh ◽  
Michael Blackburn ◽  
Frank Casey ◽  
Warren Lenney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Cardiac Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Blood Flow ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Pulmonary Complications ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Congenital Cardiac Disease ◽  
Syncytial Virus

New data are emerging on the use of palivizumab as prophylaxis against infection with the respiratory syncytial virus in infants with congenital cardiac disease. Following a 4-year multicentre randomised trial, it was shown that prophylactic injections with palivizumab were effective and safe for such children. Prophylaxis consists of 5, monthly, intramuscular injections of palivizumab, at a dose of 15 mg/kg, given during the season for infection with the respiratory syncytial virus. Timing is at the discretion of the physician, depending on the onset of the season locally. It is suggested that, in the United Kingdom, this should be commenced in mid-September. To help clinicians to identify appropriate candidates for palivizumab, a working group of the British Paediatric Cardiac Association has developed recommendations.Infants, namely those under 1 year old, with congenital cardiac disease likely to benefit from prophylaxis include those with haemodynamically significant lesions, particularly increased pulmonary blood flow with or without cyanosis; pulmonary venous congestion, pulmonary hypertension or long-term pulmonary complications, residual haemodynamic abnormalities following medical or surgical intervention (patients who have undergone cardiopulmonary bypass should receive an injection as soon as they are medically stable), cardiomyopathy requiring treatment, and congenital cardiac disease likely to need hospital admission for medical or surgical intervention during the season of infection with the virus. Prophylaxis with palivizumab may also be indicated, at the discretion of the physician, in some children with complex cardiac disease over the age of 1 year. Children less likely to benefit from prophylaxis are those with haemodynamically insignificant disease, or those with lesions adequately corrected by medical or surgical intervention.

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