Online tracking of the contents of conscious perception using real-time fMRI

Abstract Peening intensity and coverage are vital measurement outputs to quantify the quality of a peening process in surface enhancement operation of metal parts. In practice, these parameters can only be measured offline upon process completion, which are not suitable for online tracking and operation. Instead, shot stream velocity can be used as a real-time monitoring parameter to bridge operational inputs to the outputs. As such, a robust and accurate shot stream velocity model is needed for real-time tracking. In this study, we propose a blended practical model for shot stream velocity to address the issues. The model is constructed using regression algorithm based on the blended candidate functions, which are developed from experimental data and nature of the particle-air flow inside the system. Obtained model is validated against experimental data for different conditions. Calculated velocities are in good agreement with the measurements. In addition, applications of the model in predicting the shot stream velocity for different peen types, different peening intensities and coverages. The obtained results are comparable to the measurement data. Furthermore, a single-input and single-output model-based control is developed from proposed shot stream velocity model. The developed control system is robust, accurate and reliable. It implies that the developed model can be used to provide necessary information as well as in optimal process control development to improve and accelerate the peening processes to reduce cost and time of actual productions.

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Visual MAV Tracker with Adaptive Search Region

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11167741 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (16) ◽

pp. 7741

Author(s):

Wooryong Park ◽

Donghee Lee ◽

Junhak Yi ◽

Woochul Nam

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Computation Time ◽

Adaptive Strategy ◽

Adaptive Search ◽

Fast Computation ◽

Search Region ◽

Micro Aerial Vehicle ◽

Aerial Vehicle ◽

Online Tracking ◽

Computation Speed

Tracking a micro aerial vehicle (MAV) is challenging because of its small size and swift motion. A new model was developed by combining compact and adaptive search region (SR). The model can accurately and robustly track MAVs with a fast computation speed. A compact SR, which is slightly larger than a target MAV, is less likely to include a distracting background than a large SR; thus, it can accurately track the MAV. Moreover, the compact SR reduces the computation time because tracking can be conducted with a relatively shallow network. An optimal SR to MAV size ratio was obtained in this study. However, this optimal compact SR causes frequent tracking failures in the presence of the dynamic MAV motion. An adaptive SR is proposed to address this problem; it adaptively changes the location and size of the SR based on the size, location, and velocity of the MAV in the SR. The compact SR without adaptive strategy tracks the MAV with an accuracy of 0.613 and a robustness of 0.086, whereas the compact and adaptive SR has an accuracy of 0.811 and a robustness of 1.0. Moreover, online tracking is accomplished within approximately 400 frames per second, which is significantly faster than the real-time speed.

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Real-Time Online Tracking via a Convolution-Based Complementary Model

IEEE Access ◽

10.1109/access.2018.2841030 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 30073-30085 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Xu Qi ◽

Wang Huabin ◽

Zhou Jian ◽

Tao Liang

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Online Tracking

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Some Recent Results in Quiescent Prominence Spectrometry

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100065179 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 41-47

Author(s):

Donald A. Landman

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Computer System ◽

Spectral Response ◽

Absolute Intensity ◽

Solar Observatory ◽

Target Size ◽

Small Target ◽

Signal Averaging ◽

Quiescent Prominence

This paper describes some recent results of our quiescent prominence spectrometry program at the Mees Solar Observatory on Haleakala. The observations were made with the 25 cm coronagraph/coudé spectrograph system using a silicon vidicon detector. This detector consists of 500 contiguous channels covering approximately 6 or 80 Å, depending on the grating used. The instrument is interfaced to the Observatory’s PDP 11/45 computer system, and has the important advantages of wide spectral response, linearity and signal-averaging with real-time display. Its principal drawback is the relatively small target size. For the present work, the aperture was about 3″ × 5″. Absolute intensity calibrations were made by measuring quiet regions near sun center.

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Video real-time imaging of artificial membranes during freeze-drying by cryo-electron microscopy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010010216x ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 16-17

Author(s):

Alan S. Rudolph ◽

Ronald R. Price

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Self Assembly ◽

Freeze Drying ◽

Video Capture ◽

Drying Process ◽

Artificial Membranes ◽

The Past ◽

Cryo Electron Microscopy ◽

Spherical Structures ◽

Capture Techniques

We have employed cryoelectron microscopy to visualize events that occur during the freeze-drying of artificial membranes by employing real time video capture techniques. Artificial membranes or liposomes which are spherical structures within internal aqueous space are stabilized by water which provides the driving force for spontaneous self-assembly of these structures. Previous assays of damage to these structures which are induced by freeze drying reveal that the two principal deleterious events that occur are 1) fusion of liposomes and 2) leakage of contents trapped within the liposome [1]. In the past the only way to access these events was to examine the liposomes following the dehydration event. This technique allows the event to be monitored in real time as the liposomes destabilize and as water is sublimed at cryo temperatures in the vacuum of the microscope. The method by which liposomes are compromised by freeze-drying are largely unknown. This technique has shown that cryo-protectants such as glycerol and carbohydrates are able to maintain liposomal structure throughout the drying process.

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An Interactive Minicomputer Program for the Indexing and Simulation of Electron Diffraction Patterns

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100092670 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. 542-543

Author(s):

R.P. Goehner ◽

W.T. Hatfield ◽

Prakash Rao

Keyword(s):

Electron Diffraction ◽

Real Time ◽

Pattern Analysis ◽

Flow Diagram ◽

Hard Copy ◽

Time Analysis ◽

Real Time Analysis ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

One Step ◽

Diffraction Patterns

Computer programs are now available in various laboratories for the indexing and simulation of transmission electron diffraction patterns. Although these programs address themselves to the solution of various aspects of the indexing and simulation process, the ultimate goal is to perform real time diffraction pattern analysis directly off of the imaging screen of the transmission electron microscope. The program to be described in this paper represents one step prior to real time analysis. It involves the combination of two programs, described in an earlier paper(l), into a single program for use on an interactive basis with a minicomputer. In our case, the minicomputer is an INTERDATA 70 equipped with a Tektronix 4010-1 graphical display terminal and hard copy unit.A simplified flow diagram of the combined program, written in Fortran IV, is shown in Figure 1. It consists of two programs INDEX and TEDP which index and simulate electron diffraction patterns respectively. The user has the option of choosing either the indexing or simulating aspects of the combined program.

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Microstructural investigation of surface roughness in MBE-grown AlAs

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100138646 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 454-455

Author(s):

R. Rajesh ◽

R. Droopad ◽

C. H. Kuo ◽

R. W. Carpenter ◽

G. N. Maracas

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Real Time ◽

Growth Control ◽

Native Oxide ◽

Effusion Cell ◽

Surface Oxide Layer ◽

Microstructural Investigation ◽

Mbe Growth ◽

Film Substrate ◽

And Control

Knowledge of material pseudodielectric functions at MBE growth temperatures is essential for achieving in-situ, real time growth control. This allows us to accurately monitor and control thicknesses of the layers during growth. Undesired effusion cell temperature fluctuations during growth can thus be compensated for in real-time by spectroscopic ellipsometry. The accuracy in determining pseudodielectric functions is increased if one does not require applying a structure model to correct for the presence of an unknown surface layer such as a native oxide. Performing these measurements in an MBE reactor on as-grown material gives us this advantage. Thus, a simple three phase model (vacuum/thin film/substrate) can be used to obtain thin film data without uncertainties arising from a surface oxide layer of unknown composition and temperature dependence.In this study, we obtain the pseudodielectric functions of MBE-grown AlAs from growth temperature (650°C) to room temperature (30°C). The profile of the wavelength-dependent function from the ellipsometry data indicated a rough surface after growth of 0.5 μm of AlAs at a substrate temperature of 600°C, which is typical for MBE-growth of GaAs.

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Real-time observation of vortex lattices in a superconductor

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100151088 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 1050-1051

Author(s):

K. Harada ◽

T. Matsuda ◽

J.E. Bonevich ◽

M. Igarashi ◽

S. Kondo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Flux Line ◽

Electron Holography ◽

Lorentz Microscopy ◽

Vortex Lattices ◽

Flux Lines ◽

Magnetic Flux Lines ◽

Time Observation ◽

Thin Superconductor ◽

Real Time Observation

Previous observations of magnetic flux-lines (vortex lattices) in superconductors, such as the field distribution of a flux-line, and flux-line dynamics activated by heat and current, have employed the high spatial resolution and magnetic sensitivity of electron holography. And recently, the 2-D static distribution of vortices was also observed by this technique. However, real-time observations of the vortex lattice, in spite of scientific and technological interest, have not been possible due to experimental difficulties. Here, we report the real-time observation of vortex lattices in a thin superconductor, by means of Lorentz microscopy using a 300 kV field emission electron microscope. This technique allows us to observe the dynamic motion of individual vortices and record the events on a VTR system.The experimental arrangement is shown in Fig. 1. A Nb thin film for transmission observation was prepared by chemical etching. The grain size of the film was increased by annealing, and single crystals were observed with a thickness of 50∼90 nm.

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Live Confocal Analysis of Fertilization and Early Development

Microscopy and Microanalysis ◽

10.1017/s1431927600031135 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 7 (S2) ◽

pp. 1012-1013

Author(s):

Uyen Tram ◽

William Sullivan

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Embryonic Development ◽

Real Time ◽

Early Development ◽

Fluorescent Probes ◽

Primary Defect ◽

Fluorescent Analysis ◽

Dynamic Event ◽

Enormous Amount ◽

Fluorescent Studies

Embryonic development is a dynamic event and is best studied in live animals in real time. Much of our knowledge of the early events of embryogenesis, however, comes from immunofluourescent analysis of fixed embryos. While these studies provide an enormous amount of information about the organization of different structures during development, they can give only a static glimpse of a very dynamic event. More recently real-time fluorescent studies of living embryos have become much more routine and have given new insights to how different structures and organelles (chromosomes, centrosomes, cytoskeleton, etc.) are coordinately regulated. This is in large part due to the development of commercially available fluorescent probes, GFP technology, and newly developed sensitive fluorescent microscopes. For example, live confocal fluorescent analysis proved essential in determining the primary defect in mutations that disrupt early nuclear divisions in Drosophila melanogaster. For organisms in which GPF transgenics is not available, fluorescent probes that label DNA, microtubules, and actin are available for microinjection.

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Enhancing Clinical Supervision Using High-Definition Real-Time Digital Recording, Annotation, and Bluetooth Technology

Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups ◽

10.1044/2019_pers-sig11-2018-0020 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 356-362

Author(s):

Jennifer W. Means ◽

Casey McCaffrey

Keyword(s):

Graduate Students ◽

Data Collection ◽

Real Time ◽

Clinical Supervision ◽

Video Recording ◽

Advanced Technology ◽

High Definition ◽

Recording Technology ◽

Self Confidence ◽

Additional Data Collection

Purpose The use of real-time recording technology for clinical instruction allows student clinicians to more easily collect data, self-reflect, and move toward independence as supervisors continue to provide continuation of supportive methods. This article discusses how the use of high-definition real-time recording, Bluetooth technology, and embedded annotation may enhance the supervisory process. It also reports results of graduate students' perception of the benefits and satisfaction with the types of technology used. Method Survey data were collected from graduate students about their use and perceived benefits of advanced technology to support supervision during their 1st clinical experience. Results Survey results indicate that students found the use of their video recordings useful for self-evaluation, data collection, and therapy preparation. The students also perceived an increase in self-confidence through the use of the Bluetooth headsets as their supervisors could provide guidance and encouragement without interrupting the flow of their therapy sessions by entering the room to redirect them. Conclusions The use of video recording technology can provide opportunities for students to review: videos of prospective clients they will be treating, their treatment videos for self-assessment purposes, and for additional data collection. Bluetooth technology provides immediate communication between the clinical educator and the student. Students reported that the result of that communication can improve their self-confidence, perceived performance, and subsequent shift toward independence.

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