scholarly journals Leukocyte Expression of Type 1 and Type 2 Purinergic Receptors and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines during Total Sleep Deprivation and/or Sleep Extension in Healthy Subjects

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mounir Chennaoui ◽  
Pierrick J. Arnal ◽  
Catherine Drogou ◽  
Damien Leger ◽  
Fabien Sauvet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Purinergic Receptors ◽  
Total Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Sleep Extension ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Glial Cells and Pro-inflammatory Cytokines as Shared Neurobiological Bases for Chronic Pain and Psychiatric Disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-49
Author(s):  
Judith A. Strong ◽  
Sang Won Jeon ◽  
Jun-Ming Zhang ◽  
Yong-Ku Kim
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Neuronal Excitability ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

This chapter reviews the roles of cytokines and glial cells in chronic pain and in psychiatric disorders, especially depression. One important role of cytokines is in communicating between activated glia and neurons, at all levels of the nervous system. This process of neuroinflammation plays important roles in pain and depression. Cytokines may also directly regulate neuronal excitability. Many cytokines have been implicated in both pain and psychiatric disorders, including interleukin-1β‎ (IL-1β‎), tumor necrosis factor-α‎, and IL-6. More generally, an imbalance between type 1, pro-inflammatory cytokines and type 2, anti-inflammatory cytokines has been implicated in both pain and psychiatric disorders. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system can contribute to both pain and psychiatric disorders, in part through its actions on inflammation and the cytokine profile.

scholarly journals Macrophage-associated pro-inflammatory state in human islets from obese individuals

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei He ◽  
Ting Yuan ◽  
Kathrin Maedler
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Human Islets ◽  
Macrophage Phenotype ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Obese Control ◽  
Inflammatory Macrophages ◽  
Inflammatory Macrophage ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

AbstractObesity is associated with inflammatory macrophages in insulin responsive tissues and the resulting inflammatory response is a major contributor to insulin resistance. In insulin-producing pancreatic islets, the intra-islet accumulation of macrophages is observed in patients of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but such has not been investigated in obese individuals. Here, we show that pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF), anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β) and macrophage polarization markers (CD11c, CD163, and NOS2) were expressed in isolated human islets from non-diabetic donors. Clodronate-mediated depletion of resident macrophages revealed expression of IL1B and IL10 mostly from macrophages, while IL6, TNF, and TGFB1 came largely from a non-macrophage origin in human islets. NOS2 expression came exclusively from non-macrophage cells in non-obese individuals, while it originated also from macrophages in obese donors. Macrophage marker expression of CD68, CD163, and ITGAX was unchanged in islets of non-obese control and obese cohorts. In contrast, IL1B and NOS2 were significantly increased in islets from obese, compared to non-obese individuals, implying a more inflammatory macrophage phenotype in islets in obesity. Our study shows elevated macrophage-associated inflammation in human islets in obesity, which could be an initiating factor to the pro-inflammatory intra-islet milieu and contribute to the higher susceptibility to T2D in obese individuals.

scholarly journals Author Correction: BCG and BCGΔBCG1419c protect type 2 diabetic mice against tuberculosis via different participation of T and B lymphocytes, dendritic cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines

npj Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Alfredo Segura-Cerda ◽  
Brenda Marquina-Castillo ◽  
Vasti Lozano-Ordaz ◽  
Dulce Mata-Espinosa ◽  
Jorge Alberto Barrios-Payán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
T And B Lymphocytes ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

scholarly journals Limited Benefit of Sleep Extension on Cognitive Deficits During Total Sleep Deprivation: Illustration With Two Executive Processes

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaud Rabat ◽  
Pierrick J. Arnal ◽  
Hortense Monnard ◽  
Mégane Erblang ◽  
Pascal Van Beers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Executive Processes ◽  
Total Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Sleep Extension

scholarly journals Two Distinct Types of Sweat Profile in Healthy Subjects While Exercising at Constant Power Output Measured by a Wearable Sweat Sensor

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Hoon Choi ◽  
Grant Kitchen ◽  
Ji Soo Kim ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
Kain Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Real Time Monitoring ◽  
Sweat Chloride

AbstractWearable sweat sensors have enabled real-time monitoring of sweat profiles (sweat concentration versus time) and could enable monitoring of electrolyte loss during exercise or for individuals working in extreme environments. To assess the feasibility of using a wearable sweat chloride sensor for real-time monitoring of individuals during exercise, we recorded and analyzed the sweat profiles of 50 healthy subjects while spinning at 75 Watts for 1 hour. The measured sweat chloride concentrations were in the range from 2.9–34 mM. The sweat profiles showed two distinct sweat responses: Type 1 (single plateau) and Type 2 (multiple plateaus). Subjects with Type 2 profiles had higher sweat chloride concentration and weight loss, higher maximum heart rate, and larger changes in heart rate and rating of perceived exertion during the trial compared to subjects with Type 1 profiles. To assess the influence of level of effort, we recorded sweat profiles for five subjects at 75 W, 100 W, and 125 W. While all five subjects showed Type 1 sweat profiles at 75 W, four of the subjects had Type 2 profiles at 125 W, showing an increase in sweat chloride with exercise intensity. Finally, we show that sweat profiles along with other physiological parameters can be used to predict fluid loss.

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