scholarly journals Systematic Review of Studies on Subliminal Exposure to Phobic Stimuli: Integrating Therapeutic Models for Specific Phobias

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Frumento ◽  
Danilo Menicucci ◽  
Paul Kenneth Hitchcott ◽  
Andrea Zaccaro ◽  
Angelo Gemignani
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Intertrial Interval ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Behavioral Correlates ◽  
Specific Phobias ◽  
Subliminal Stimulation ◽  
New Form ◽  
Psychophysiological Correlates ◽  
Phobic Stimuli

We systematically review 26 papers investigating subjective, behavioral, and psychophysiological correlates of subliminal exposure to phobic stimuli in phobic patients. Stimulations were found to elicit: (1) cardiac defense responses, (2) specific brain activations of both subcortical (e.g., amygdala) and cortical structures, (3) skin conductance reactions, only when stimuli lasted >20 ms and were administered with intertrial interval >20 s. While not inducing the distress caused by current (supraliminal) exposure therapies, exposure to subliminal phobic stimuli still results in successful extinction of both psychophysiological and behavioral correlates: however, it hardly improves subjective fear. We integrate those results with recent bifactorial models of emotional regulation, proposing a new form of exposure therapy whose effectiveness and acceptability should be maximized by a preliminary subliminal stimulation. Systematic Review Registration: identifier [CRD42021129234].

scholarly journals Emotional Regulation and Overeating Behaviors in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Francesca Favieri ◽  
Andrea Marini ◽  
Maria Casagrande
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Inadequate Response ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

The worldwide prevalence of obesity has dramatically increased, mostly in children and adolescents. The Emotional Eating theoretical model has proposed that the failure in emotional regulation could represent a risk factor for establishing maladaptive overeating behavior that represents an inadequate response to negative emotions and allows increasing body-weight. This systematic review investigates the relationship between overeating and both emotional regulation and emotional intelligence in childhood and adolescence, considering both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Moreover, another goal of the review is evaluating whether emotional regulation and emotional intelligence can cause overeating behaviors. The systematic search was conducted according to the PRISMA-statement in the databases Medline, PsychArtcles, PsychInfo, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences, and allows 484 records to be extracted. Twenty-six studies were selected according to inclusion (e.g., studies focused on children and adolescents without clinical conditions; groups of participants overweight or with obesity) and exclusion (e.g., studies that adopted qualitative assessment or cognitive-affective tasks to measure emotional variables; reviews, commentary, or brief reports) criteria detailed in the methods. Cross-sectional studies showed a negative association between emotional regulation and overeating behavior that was confirmed by longitudinal studies. These findings highlighted the role of maladaptive emotion regulation on overeating and being overweight. The relationship between these constructs in children and adolescents was consistent. The results indicated the complexity of this association, which would be influenced by many physiological, psychological, and social factors. These findings underline the need for further studies focused on emotion regulation in the development of overeating. They should analyze the mediation role of other variables (e.g., attachment style, peer pressure) and identify interventions to prevent and reduce worldwide overweight prevalence.

Correlates of Participation in Physical Activity for Adolescent Girls: A Systematic Review of Recent Literature

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart J.H. Biddle ◽  
Sarah H. Whitehead ◽  
Toni M. O’Donovan ◽  
Mary E. Nevill
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Behavioral Correlates ◽  
Organized Sport ◽  
White Ethnicity ◽  
The Family ◽  
Low Levels

Background:Many adolescent girls have low levels of physical activity and participation declines with age. This review identifies recent correlates of physical activity in adolescent girls.Methods:Systematic review of papers published 1999 to mid-2003. Papers (k = 51) reporting a measure of physical activity and at least one potential correlate of physical activity in adolescent girls were analyzed.Results:Demographics related to physical activity were female gender (–), non-white ethnicity (–), age (–), and socio-economic status (+). Psychological correlates positively associated with physical activity were enjoyment, perceived competence, self-efficacy, and physical self-perceptions. Behavioral correlates showed that smoking was associated with lower and organized sport involvement with greater activity. Physical activity was associated with parental and family support but we found no consistent trends for environmental variables. Effects were small-to-moderate.Conclusions:Modifiable correlates for adolescent girls clustered around “positive psychology,” organized sport involvement, and the family.

scholarly journals Physiological Factors Linking Insecure Attachment to Psychopathology: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1477
Author(s):  
Marta Tironi ◽  
Simone Charpentier Charpentier Mora ◽  
Donatella Cavanna ◽  
Jessica L. Borelli ◽  
Fabiola Bizzi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Anxious Attachment ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Cardiac Slowing

Although many studies have documented associations between insecure attachment and psychopathology, attachment may not confer risk for psychopathology independently, but rather through its interaction with emotional, social, and biological factors. Understanding the variables through which attachment may lead to psychopathology is therefore important. Within this domain of research, the role of physiological factors is poorly investigated. What are the relevant domains and why, when, or for whom do they influence mental disorders relating to attachment? The current systematic review aims to answer these questions. Results reveal that physiological indices of emotional regulation play a role in explaining and/or determining the relationship between attachment and psychopathology. Specifically: (1) combined with insecure attachment, higher skin conductance level (SCL), lower cardiac slowing, and respiratory sinus arrhythmia modulation (RSA) contribute to different psychopathological indicators and behavioral/psychological dysfunctions, although the latter predicts a contradictory pattern of findings; (2) insecure-avoidant attachment is more consistently linked with stress and emotional dysregulation when combined with RSA, while anxious attachment confers risk of depressive symptoms when combined with SCL. We concluded our discussion of the results of seven studies by outlining a plan to move the field forward. We discuss the quality of the assessment, methodological limitations, and future directions, highlighting the need to extend the research to clinical samples.

scholarly journals Personality Factors in Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Galli ◽  
Ludovica Scotto ◽  
Simona Ravenda ◽  
Maria Giulia Zampino ◽  
Gabriella Pravettoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Cochrane Collaboration ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Intervention Plan ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
The Cochrane Collaboration

Background: The role of personality in cancer incidence and development has been studied for a long time. As colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancer types and linked with lifestyle habits, it is important to better understand its psychological correlates, in order to design a more specific prevention and intervention plan. The aim of this systematic review is to analyze all the studies investigating the role of personality in CRC incidence.Methods: All studies on CRC and personality up to November 2020 were scrutinized according to the Cochrane Collaboration and the PRISMA statements. Selected studies were additionally evaluated for the Risk of Bias according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS).Results: Eight studies met the inclusion criteria and were eventually included in this review. Two main constructs have been identified as potential contributors of CRC incidence: emotional regulation (anger) and relational style (egoism).Conclusion: Strong conclusions regarding the influence of personality traits on the incidence of CRC are not possible, because of the small number and the heterogeneity of the selected studies. Further research is needed to understand the complexity of personality and its role in the incidence of CRC and the interaction with other valuable risk factors.

scholarly journals The Association Between Dental Anxiety And Psychiatric Disorders And Symptoms: A Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harri Halonen ◽  
Jenna Nissinen ◽  
Heli Lehtiniemi ◽  
Tuula Salo ◽  
Pirkko Riipinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Clinical Interviews ◽  
Specific Phobias ◽  
Axis I ◽  
High Level

Background:A growing amount of evidence suggests that dental anxiety is associated with other psychiatric disorders and symptoms. A systematic review was conducted to critically evaluate the studies of comorbidity of dental anxiety with other specific phobias and other Axis I psychiatric disorders.Objective:The aim of the review was to explore how dental anxiety is associated with other psychiatric disorders and to estimate the level of comorbid symptoms in dental anxiety patients.Methods:The review was conducted and reported in accordance with the MOOSE statement. Data sources included PubMed, PsycInfo, Web of Science and Scopus.Results:The search produced 631 hits, of which 16 unique records fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The number of eligible papers was low. Study populations were heterogeneous including 6,486 participants, and a total of 25 tests and in few cases clinical interviews were used in the evaluation processes. The results enhanced the idea about the comorbidity between dental anxiety and other psychiatric disorders. The effect was found strong in several studies.Conclusion:Patients with a high level of dental anxiety are more prone to have a high level of comorbid phobias, depression, mood disorders and other psychiatric disorders and symptoms.

scholarly journals Snakes vs. Guns: A Systematic Review of Comparisons Between Phylogenetic and Ontogenetic Threats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soheil Shapouri
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Attention Bias ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Stimulus Selection ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Behavioral Experiments ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Illusory Correlation ◽  
Specific Phobias

The potential differences between phylogenetic threats (e.g., snakes) and ontogenetic threats (e.g., guns) can have a wide-ranging impact on a variety of theoretical and practical issues, from etiology of specific phobias to stimulus selection in psychophysiological studies, yet this line of research has not been systematically reviewed. Here, we summarize and synthesize findings from fear conditioning, illusory correlation, attention bias and neuroimaging studies that have compared these two types of threats to human survival. While a few brain imaging studies reveals preliminary evidence for different brain networks involved in the processing of phylogenetic and ontogenetic threats, attention bias studies tentatively show faster reaction time for modern threats, illusory correlation bias is evident for both types of threats, and fear conditioning studies are far from conclusive. The results of behavioral experiments, especially attention bias research, pose a challenge to established theories like biological preparedness and fear module. We discuss the findings in terms of other theories that might explain the same results and conclude with potential future directions.

Behavioral Correlates of Muscular Fitness in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 887-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan J. Smith ◽  
Narelle Eather ◽  
R. Glenn Weaver ◽  
Nicholas Riley ◽  
Michael W. Beets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Muscular Fitness ◽  
Behavioral Correlates

scholarly journals A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review: Infidelity, Romantic Jealousy and Intimate Partner Violence against Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5682
Author(s):  
Marjorie Pichon ◽  
Sarah Treves-Kagan ◽  
Erin Stern ◽  
Nambusi Kyegombe ◽  
Heidi Stöckl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Romantic Jealousy ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Measure Of Association ◽  
Partner Violence Against Women

Infidelity and romantic jealousy (RJ) are commonly cited relational level drivers of intimate partner violence (IPV) but remain undertheorized and underutilized in IPV research and prevention. This global systematic review aims to characterize the existing research on real or suspected infidelity and RJ in relation to IPV and inform future research and programming. We systematically searched 11 databases for peer-reviewed research, published between April 2009 and 2019, that provided data on the prevalence or a measure of association (quantitative), or pathway (qualitative), between real or suspected infidelity or RJ, and IPV. Fifty-one papers from 28 countries were included and the evidence showed a consistent association between real or suspected infidelity, RJ and IPV. Our findings identify three overarching mechanisms and six pathways between infidelity, RJ and IPV. These provide support for prominent theories in the field related to patriarchal culture, threatened masculinities and femininities and a lack of emotional regulation and conflict resolution skills, but not evolutionary theories. Our findings suggest that researchers should use standardized measurement tools that make the distinction between RJ and suspected, confirmed and accusations of infidelity. Policy and programming should aim to transform traditional gender roles, accounting for infidelity and RJ and improving couple’s communication and trust.

scholarly journals Systematic review of the relationships between sleep duration and health indicators in school-aged children and youth

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (6 (Suppl. 3)) ◽  
pp. S266-S282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Philippe Chaput ◽  
Casey E. Gray ◽  
Veronica J. Poitras ◽  
Valerie Carson ◽  
Reut Gruber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Healthy Children

The objective of this systematic review was to examine the relationships between objectively and subjectively measured sleep duration and various health indicators in children and youth aged 5–17 years. Online databases were searched in January 2015 with no date or study design limits. Included studies were peer-reviewed and met the a priori-determined population (apparently healthy children and youth aged 5–17 years), intervention/exposure/comparator (various sleep durations), and outcome (adiposity, emotional regulation, cognition/academic achievement, quality of life/well-being, harms/injuries, and cardiometabolic biomarkers) criteria. Because of high levels of heterogeneity across studies, narrative syntheses were employed. A total of 141 articles (110 unique samples), including 592 215 unique participants from 40 different countries, met inclusion criteria. Overall, longer sleep duration was associated with lower adiposity indicators, better emotional regulation, better academic achievement, and better quality of life/well-being. The evidence was mixed and/or limited for the association between sleep duration and cognition, harms/injuries, and cardiometabolic biomarkers. The quality of evidence ranged from very low to high across study designs and health indicators. In conclusion, we confirmed previous investigations showing that shorter sleep duration is associated with adverse physical and mental health outcomes. However, the available evidence relies heavily on cross-sectional studies using self-reported sleep. To better inform contemporary sleep recommendations, there is a need for sleep restriction/extension interventions that examine the changes in different outcome measures against various amounts of objectively measured sleep to have a better sense of dose–response relationships.

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