scholarly journals Higher Masticatory Performance and Higher Number of Chewing Strokes Increase Retronasal Aroma

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jumpei Okawa ◽  
Kazuhiro Hori ◽  
Tasuku Yoshimoto ◽  
Simonne E. Salazar ◽  
Takahiro Ono
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Masticatory Performance ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Performance Group ◽  
Gummy Jelly ◽  
The Relationship

Mastication is a physiological process whereby food is comminuted and mixed with saliva to form a swallowable bolus; it is also the initial process for retronasal aroma that is released from foods to receptors in the nose. However, the influence of mastication state on retronasal aroma is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between aroma concentration and factors related to mastication state. The study design was an analytical observational study. Twelve male volunteers (age, 26.5 ± 2.7 years) were recruited and divided into five and seven participants in the low and high masticatory performance groups, respectively. The stimulated salivary flow rate was measured while participants chewed paraffin wax. First, an odor sensor was placed in the nostril, and the aroma concentration was measured over time as participants chewed an orange-flavored gummy jelly standardized for masticatory performance assessment until swallowing; chewing strokes were counted to determine swallowing thresholds. Next, participants were instructed to chew the gummy jelly for a certain number of strokes (i.e., 50 or 100% of swallowing thresholds, as well as 30 strokes) and expectorate the jelly without swallowing. The surface area of comminuted jelly at 30 chewing strokes was defined as masticatory performance. Maximum and slope of aroma concentration, surface area, number of chewing strokes, and stimulated salivary flow rate were compared between low and high masticatory performance groups. Statistical significance was set at α = 0.05. At 30 chewing strokes, the maximum aroma concentration and the slope were significantly greater in the high masticatory performance group than in the low masticatory performance group. There was a positive correlation between the maximum aroma concentration and the number of chewing strokes with aroma release in both groups. No significant correlation was found between the maximum aroma concentration and the stimulated salivary flow rate. However, multiple regression analysis (with aroma concentration as a dependent variable) showed that the increase in surface area, the number of chewing strokes, and the stimulated salivary flow rate were significant explanatory variables. The results suggested that retronasal aroma was influenced by mastication state and salivary flow rate during chewing.

On the Relationship between the Rate of Salivary Flow and Salivary Fluoride Clearance

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph M. Duckworth ◽  
S. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Saliva Flow Rate ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
Observed Behaviour ◽  
Saliva Flow ◽  
Unstimulated Whole Saliva ◽  
The Relationship

The amount of fluoride retained in the mouth following the application of dentifrices, mouthwashes, etc. may be important in determining their anticaries efficacy. In this study we investigated the relationship between the salivary flow rate and salivary fluoride clearance. Ten adults tested six mouthrinses, consisting of aqueous sodium fluoride solutions (0.013, 0.026 mol/l) with and without added sodium chloride (1.28 mol/l) or sucrose (0.44 mol/l), in a randomised order. Prior to each test, subjects swallowed, rinsed for 2 min with 2 ml water and then expectorated into a preweighed container to obtain a measure of initial saliva flow rate. Next, the procedure was repeated using one of the test rinses. Finally, samples of unstimulated whole saliva were collected for up to 3 h after each mouthrinse application and analysed for fluoride. Salivary fluoride concentrations were significantly lower after application of mouthrinses that contained either sucrose or NaCl, both of which compounds markedly enhanced salivary flow, than after the use of corresponding mouthrinses without any additive. Area under the salivary fluoride clearance curve (AUC) values were inversely correlated with salivary flow rate on an individual basis (p < 0.01). The observed behaviour could not be completely attributed to treatment dilution by saliva at the time of application.

scholarly journals Hubungan Laju Alir dan Viskositas Saliva dengan Tingkat Kecekatan Gigi Tiruan Penuh pada Pasien Rumah Sakit Gigi dan Mulut Universitas Andalas

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Eni Rahmi ◽  
Sevty Agustin ◽  
Arymbi Pujiastuty
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Complete Denture ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Denture Base ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mandibular Complete Denture

The most common complaint reported by patients in denture wearing is loose denture, caused by lack of retention. In the complete denture wearing, saliva plays an important role in retention. A well-fitting denture base to supporting tissues and the presence of adequate border seals will provide optimal denture retention. This condition can be achieved if it is supported by adequate volume, flow, and consistency of saliva. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between flow rate and viscosity of saliva with complete denture retention in Andalas Dental Collage and Hospital. This study used a cross sectional design. Thirty patients of complete denture wearers at the Andalas Dental Collage and Hospital were included in this study. Samples were selected through consecutive sampling method. Data were collected by using medical records, saliva viscosity assesstment, salivary flow rate measurement, and complete denture retention examination. Data were analyzed by Mann Whitney tes with p< 0,05. There was a significant relationship between salivary flow rate and maxillary complete denture retention (p= 0,002) and there was a significant relationship between saliva viscosity and maxillary complete denture retention (p= 0,002). However there was no relationship between salivary flow rate and mandibular complete denture retention (p= 0.101) and there was no relationship between saliva viscosity and mandibular complete denture retention (p= 0,223). The conclusion of this study was that the flow rate and viscosity of saliva was associated with maxillary complete denture retention yet was not associated with mandibular denture retention.

scholarly journals Hubungan jam tidur kurang optimal terhadap laju alir saliva pada dokter mudaThe relationship of less optimal sleep hour on the salivary flow rate in young doctor

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Indah Puti Rahmayani Sabirin ◽  
Ratih Widyasari ◽  
Nanda Denia Astika Putri
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stimulation Method ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Sleep Hour ◽  
The Relationship

Pendahuluan: Saliva merupakan komponen di dalam mulut yang memiliki fungsi yang sangat penting dalam menentukan kondisi lingkungan di dalam rongga mulut. Jam tidur yang kurang optimal dapat memengaruhi irama sirkadian dan tingkat laju alir saliva mengikuti irama sirkadian. Kecepatan laju alir saliva yang tinggi dapat menurunkan risiko terjadinya karies. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisispengaruh jam tidur yang kurang optimal terhadap laju alir saliva. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah analitik dengan rancangan penelitian studi cross-sectional. Sampel penelitian ini adalah dokter muda di Rumah Sakit Dustira yang diambil secara total sampling dengan jumlah 55 sampel. Pemeriksaan laju alir saliva diambil menggunakan metode tanpa stimulasi yang diukur dengan stopwatch selama 60 detik. Data laju alir saliva dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan korelasi Spearman. Hasil: Terdapat hubungan antara jam tidur yang kurang optimal terhadap laju alir saliva (p=0,017, r=0,320). Simpulan: Jam tidur yang kurang optimal dapat memengaruhi kecepatan laju alir saliva menjadi lebih tinggi.Kata kunci : Irama sirkadian, jam tidur kurang optimal, laju alir saliva, saliva. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Saliva is a component in the oral cavity with a vital function in determining the environmental conditions. Less optimal sleep hours can affect the circadian rhythms and the salivary flow rates along with the circadian rhythms. High salivary flow rate can reduce the risk of caries. This study was aimed to analyse the effect of less optimal sleep hour on the salivary flow rate. Methods: This research was an analytic study with a cross-sectional study design. This study’s sample was young doctors at Dustira Hospital who were taken by total sampling, which obtained 55 samples. The salivary flow rate examination was taken using the non-stimulation method measured by a stopwatch for 60 seconds. The salivary flow rate data were statistically analysed using the Spearman correlation. Results: There was a relationship between less optimal sleep hour and the salivary flow rate (p=0.017; r=0.320). Conclusion: Less optimal sleep hour can increase the salivary flow rate.Keywords: Circadian rhythm, less optimal sleep hour, salivary flow rate, saliva.

scholarly journals Caries Prevalence in Chronic Alcoholics and the Relationship to Salivary Flow Rate and pH

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Dukić ◽  
Tanja Trivanović Dobrijević ◽  
Marina Katunarić ◽  
Stjepanka Lešić
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Caries Prevalence ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals The Relationship of Salivary Flow Rate and Salivary pH on Dental Caries in Children

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
Gülser Kılınç ◽  
Müjdet Çetin ◽  
Hülya Ellidokuz
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Salivary Ph ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Protease inhibitor concentrations in the saliva of individuals experiencing oral dryness

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenkichi Yamamoto ◽  
Makiko Hiraishi ◽  
Mai Haneoka ◽  
Hidetake Fujinaka ◽  
Yoshitaka Yano
Keyword(s):  
Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Protease Inhibitors ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Oral Dryness ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Oral dryness is a common symptom that may interfere with swallowing, chewing, and taste. The most common reason for oral dryness is hyposalivation. Some individuals experiencing oral dryness do not have hyposalivation, however, and the reverse is also true. Here, we focused on healthy individuals with a lower salivary flow rate and evaluated the relationship between the perception of oral dryness and salivary parameters to clarify the cause underlying the perception of oral dryness. Methods A total of 59 participants were divided into 2 groups with a lower or higher salivary flow rate according to the median salivary flow rate. In participants with a lower salivary flow rate, we assessed salivary bacterial counts, protease activities, protein concentrations, oral parameters, and the subjective perception of oral dryness. Results Protease activities and concentrations of protease inhibitors such as cystatin-D and cystatin-SA in the saliva of participants experiencing oral dryness were significantly higher and lower, respectively, than in those not experiencing oral dryness, even though no difference in the salivary flow rate was detected. Salivary cystatin-D and cystatin-SA concentrations correlated negatively with salivary protease activities. Conclusions The composition of salivary protease inhibitors and increased protease activities affect the subjective perception of oral dryness.

scholarly journals Effect of a newly developed pastille on the salivary flow rate in subjects with dry mouth symptoms: a randomized, controlled, monocentric clinical study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bielfeldt ◽  
D. Wilhelm ◽  
C. Neumeister ◽  
U. Schwantes ◽  
K. -P. Wilhelm
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Dry Mouth ◽  
Main Ingredient ◽  
Control Product ◽  
Swallowing Problems ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Xerostomia is associated with several diseases and is a side effect of certain drugs, resulting from reduced saliva secretion. Often, aged and sometimes younger people suffer from (idiopathic) xerostomia. Chewing gum and sucking pastilles may relieve symptoms of xerostomia by increasing the salivary flow rate due to the mechanical effect of sucking and gustatory stimulation. Swallowing problems and the urge to cough or experiencing a tickling sensation in the throat might be alleviated through a reduction in dry mouth symptoms. We investigated whether a pastille containing four polysaccharides increased the salivary flow rate and relieved the symptoms of dry mouth. Methods Participating subjects with xerostomia were randomized into two equally balanced treatment groups. Subjects received the pastille on Day 1 and a control product (Parafilm®) on Day 3, or vice versa. Unstimulated saliva was collected every 2.5 min for 0–10 min. Stimulated saliva was collected after subjects sucked the pastille or the control product. The salivary flow rate was determined gravimetrically, and, in parallel, the feeling of dry mouth was assessed using a visual analog scale. Saliva surface tension was measured in pooled saliva samples (0–5 min of sampling). Additionally, in stimulated saliva from six subjects who sucked the pastille, the presence of the main ingredient—gum arabic—was examined by Raman spectroscopy. Results Chewing the pastille significantly increased the mean salivary flow rate by 8.03 g/10 min compared to the mean changes after chewing the control product (+ 3.71 g/10 min; p < 0.0001). The mean score of dry mouth was significantly alleviated by the pastille (− 19.9 ± 17.9 mm) compared to the control product (− 3.3 ± 18.1 mm). No difference between the two products was seen regarding the saliva surface tension. Gum arabic was present in the saliva of all investigated subjects for up to 10 min after sucking the pastille. Conclusions The pastille was well tolerated and effective in increasing the salivary flow rate and reducing mouth dryness after sucking. These results were in line with the detection of the main ingredient, gum arabic, in saliva for up to 10 min after sucking the pastille. Trial registration German Register Clinical Trials (Deutsches Register Klinische Studien, DRKS) DRKS-ID: DRKS00017393, Registered 29 May 2019, https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial. HTML&TRIAL_ID = DRKS00017393.

scholarly journals Salivary flow rate and the risk of cognitive impairment among Korean elders: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minh-Tung Do ◽  
Huong Vu ◽  
Jong-Koo Lee ◽  
Sang-Min Park ◽  
Joung-Sik Son ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Denture Status

Abstract Background Salivary function has been suggested to be associated with cognitive impairment. However, the effect of salivary flow rate (SFR) on cognitive impairment remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether SFR is associated with cognitive impairment among Korean elders. Methods This cross-sectional study included 649 elders aged 65 and older in the Korean community-dwelling population. Cognitive impairment was assessed using the Mini-Mental Status Examination. Unstimulated SFR was measured and dichotomized. Denture status, age, sex, education level, smoking, drinking, diabetes, hypertension, and obesity were considered confounders. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to assess the adjusted association. Stratified analysis by sex and denture status was performed to clarify the effect modification. Results Participants without cognitive impairment showed a higher SFR level than those with cognitive impairment (0.81 mL/min for non-cognitive impairment versus 0.52 mL/min for cognitive impairment, p < 0.001). After controlling for confounders, participants with low SFR (< 0.3 mL/min) were more likely to have cognitive impairment by 1.5 times than participants with normal SFR (odds ratio [OR] = 1.5, confidence interval [CI] = 1.05–2.10). The association of low SFR with cognitive impairment was higher in women and dentate participants: about 10% higher in women (OR = 1.63, CI = 1.07–2.50) and about 22% higher in dentate participants (OR = 1.82, CI = 1.41–2.90). Conclusions Salivary flow rate is independently associated with cognitive impairment among Korean elders. The association was modified in females and dentate elders. Physicians and dentists should consider low SFR and cognitive impairment as a risk factor between them in clinics.

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