scholarly journals Low Carbohydrate Diets in Cancer Therapeutics: Current Evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Haskins ◽  
Justin Cohen ◽  
Rupesh Kotecha ◽  
Adeel Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Preclinical Data ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

Low carbohydrate diets have a promising mechanistic rationale in the treatment of cancer with favorable preclinical data. The strongest data suggest synergistic effects of dietary interventions with traditional cancer therapies. Recent prospective clinical trials suggest that low carbohydrate diets are safely and feasibly added within a busy oncology clinic, with hopeful additive effects in treatment enhancement.

scholarly journals Dietary Interventions with Polyphenols in Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review Directed from the Preclinical Data to Randomized Clinical Studies

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1420
Author(s):  
Evdokia Valsamidou ◽  
Aristea Gioxari ◽  
Charalampia Amerikanou ◽  
Panagiotis Zoumpoulakis ◽  
George Skarpas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Interesting Approach ◽  
Relationship Of

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis and a major cause of limited functionality and thus a decrease in the quality of life of the inflicted. Given the fact that the existing pharmacological treatments lack disease-modifying properties and their use entails significant side effects, nutraceuticals with bioactive compounds constitute an interesting field of research. Polyphenols are plant-derived molecules with established anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that have been extensively evaluated in clinical settings and preclinical models in OA. As more knowledge is gained in the research field, an interesting approach in the management of OA is the additive and/or synergistic effects that polyphenols may have in an optimized supplement. Therefore, the aim of this review was to summarize the recent literature regarding the use of combined polyphenols in the management of OA. For that purpose, a PubMed literature survey was conducted with a focus on some preclinical osteoarthritis models and randomized clinical trials on patients with osteoarthritis from 2018 to 2021 which have evaluated the effect of combinations of polyphenol-rich extracts and purified polyphenol constituents. Data indicate that combined polyphenols may be promising for the treatment of osteoarthritis in the future, but more clinical trials with novel approaches in the identification of the in-between relationship of such constituents are needed.

scholarly journals A Concise Review of Ketogenic Dietary Interventions in the Management of Rare Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
D. Hettiarachchi ◽  
K. Lakmal ◽  
V. H. W. Dissanayake
Keyword(s):  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Rare Diseases ◽  
Glycogen Storage ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Pharmacoresistant Epilepsy ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Glycogen Storage Diseases ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

Dietary interventions are now being used as an adjunct therapy in the treatment of rare diseases. One such method is the high-fat, moderate-protein, and very low-carbohydrate diet which produces ketosis and therefore called the ketogenic diet. Some of the more common conditions that are treated with this method are pharmacoresistant epilepsy, infantile spasms, glycogen storage diseases, and other forms of rare metabolic disturbances. With this review, we look at different uses of the ketogenic diet in treating rare diseases and the recommendations based on current evidence.

scholarly journals Are We Ready for Migrastatics?

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1845
Author(s):  
Jonathan Solomon ◽  
Magdalena Raškova ◽  
Daniel Rösel ◽  
Jan Brábek ◽  
Hava Gil-Henn
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Castration Resistant ◽  
Tumor Cell Motility ◽  
Pioneer Research

Metastasis accounts for the highest mortality rates in solid tumor cancer patients. However, research and development have neglected this most lethal characteristic and, instead, have concentrated on the hallmarks of cancer that make tumor cells highly proliferative and distinctive from nonmalignant cells. The concentration on invasion and metastasis can be one of the most meaningful advancements in cancer investigation. Importantly, metastasis-free survival (MFS) was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a novel primary endpoint in clinical trials and has been used to evaluate the prognosis of patients with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and soft tissue sarcoma. This new definition enables to shift the focus of research and development in cancer therapeutics toward metastasis and to change the emphasis from using tumor shrinkage as a benchmark for indicating the efficacy of treatment to using MFS as a more representative endpoint for antimetastatic drugs. This perspective outlines the possibility to use this novel endpoint in other solid cancers, and examples of large clinical trials are given in which MFS is defined as an endpoint and/or in which antimetastatic strategies are being examined. These advances now open the door for the rapid development of antimetastatic therapies, which could be used in combination with standard cytotoxic cancer therapies. With pioneer research on metastasis prevention on the rise and the underlying biomechanisms of tumor cell motility and invasion explored further than ever before, we believe an intensified focus on antimetastatic properties will shape this era of cancer translational research.

scholarly journals Protecting the heart in cancer therapy

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1566 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Emanuel Finet ◽  
W. H. Wilson Tang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Consensus Guidelines ◽  
Injurious Effect ◽  
Exponential Increase ◽  
Specific Goal

Recent advances in cancer prevention and management have led to an exponential increase of cancer survivors worldwide. Regrettably, cardiovascular disease has risen in the aftermath as one of the most devastating consequences of cancer therapies. In this work, we define cancer therapeutics-induced cardiotoxicity as the direct or indirect cardiovascular injury or injurious effect caused by cancer therapies. We describe four progressive stages of this condition and four corresponding levels of prevention, each having a specific goal, focus, and means of action. We subsequently unfold this didactic framework, surveying mechanisms of cardiotoxicity, risk factors, cardioprotectants, biomarkers, and diagnostic imaging modalities. Finally, we outline the most current evidence-based recommendations in this area according to multidisciplinary expert consensus guidelines.

Clinical trials of intracellular signal transductions inhibitors for breast cancer — a strategy to overcome endocrine resistance

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S145-S157 ◽  
Author(s):  
S R D Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Endocrine Resistance ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Growth Factor Signaling ◽  
Farnesyltransferase Inhibitors ◽  
Preclinical Data ◽  
Signal Transduction Inhibitors

Acquired resistance to endocrine therapy in breast cancer is associated with an increase in peptide growth factor signaling that results in cross-talk activation of the estrogen receptor (ER). Small molecule signal transduction inhibitors (STIs) can target components of these intracellular pathways, and may prove effective in anticancer therapy. However, early phase II clinical trials with various STIs as monotherapy in advanced breast cancer have shown only a modest level of efficacy for these intracellular inhibitors. Preclinical data suggest that combinations of tamoxifen with STIs may provide significantly greater growth inhibition than either therapy alone, and, furthermore, may delay the emergence of endocrine resistance. There are now several trials assessing the efficacy of combinations of small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as gefitinib and lapatinib, with either tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors both in the second-line, endocrine-resistant and first-line, hormone-sensitive setting. Similar trials continue with both farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs) and mTOR antagonists, where there are strong preclinical data to suggest additive or synergistic effects for either of these agents in combination with endocrine therapies. Biomarker studies in the presurgical setting are also being utilized as an alternative approach to investigate whether combined endocrine/STI therapy is an effective clinical strategy. This article reviews some of the preclinical evidence supporting this strategy, together with the current status of clinical trials in this area.

Modulation of gut microbiota by dietary macronutrients in type 2 diabetes: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Jing Hang ◽  
Oumaima Battousse ◽  
Amutha Ramadas
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Ketogenic Diets ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Term Management

Dietary interventions have been a first-line strategy in the long-term management and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Recently, low carbohydrate diets and ketogenic diets emerged as common dietary approaches in managing T2DM. Literature suggests macronutrients impose significant impacts on the gut microbiome related to glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and inflammation. Although there is insufficient literature on gut microbiota modulation via dietary macronutrient management, this area of study has been gradually gaining interest amongst researchers. This review describes the current evidence and summarizes specific dietary macronutrients' effects in sculpting the diverse gut microbiome. Potential crucial research concepts could help develop macronutrient-specific diets to modulate gut microbiota beneficial to T2DM management and pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Computational Approaches to Identify Genetic Interactions for Cancer Therapeutics

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme Benstead-Hume ◽  
Sarah K. Wooller ◽  
Frances M.G. Pearl
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Genetic Interactions ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Omics Data ◽  
Computational Approaches ◽  
Medical Need ◽  
Targeted Treatments

AbstractThe development of improved cancer therapies is frequently cited as an urgent unmet medical need. Here we describe how genetic interactions are being therapeutically exploited to identify novel targeted treatments for cancer. We discuss the current methodologies that use ‘omics data to identify genetic interactions, in particular focusing on synthetic sickness lethality (SSL) and synthetic dosage lethality (SDL). We describe the experimental and computational approaches undertaken both in humans and model organisms to identify these interactions. Finally we discuss some of the identified targets with licensed drugs, inhibitors in clinical trials or with compounds under development.

Diet and Neurocognition in Mood Disorders - An Overview of the Overlooked

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (20) ◽  
pp. 2353-2362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicent Balanzá-Martínez ◽  
Flavio M. Shansis ◽  
Amparo Tatay-Manteiga ◽  
Pilar López-García
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
Neurocognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Lifestyle Choices ◽  
Cognitive Benefits

Bipolar disorder and major depression are associated with significant disability, morbidity, and reduced life expectancy. People with mood disorders have shown higher ratios of unhealthy lifestyle choices, including poor diet quality and suboptimal nutrition. Diet and nutrition impact on brain /mental health, but cognitive outcomes have been less researched in psychiatric disorders. Neurocognitive dysfunction is a major driver of social dysfunction and a therapeutic target in mood disorders, although effective cognitive-enhancers are currently lacking. This narrative review aimed to assess the potential cognitive benefits of dietary and nutritional interventions in subjects diagnosed with mood disorders. Eight clinical trials with nutrients were identified, whereas none involved dietary interventions. Efficacy to improve select cognitive deficits has been reported, but results are either preliminary or inconsistent. Methodological recommendations for future cognition trials in the field are advanced. Current evidence and future views are discussed from the perspectives of precision medicine, clinical staging, nutritional psychiatry, and the brain-gut-microbiota axis.

scholarly journals Cell Therapy for Stroke: A Mechanistic Analysis

Neurosurgery ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Jiahe Gu ◽  
David K Kung ◽  
Han-Chiao Isaac Chen
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Clinical Translation ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Cell Replacement ◽  
Preclinical Data ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Mechanistic Analysis

Abstract Cell therapy has been widely recognized as a promising strategy to enhance recovery in stroke survivors. However, despite an abundance of encouraging preclinical data, successful clinical translation remains elusive. As the field continues to advance, it is important to reexamine prior clinical trials in the context of their intended mechanisms, as this can inform future preclinical and translational efforts. In the present work, we review the major clinical trials of cell therapy for stroke and highlight a mechanistic shift between the earliest studies, which aimed to replace dead and damaged neurons, and later ones that focused on exploiting the various neuromodulatory effects afforded by stem cells. We discuss why both mechanisms are worth pursuing and emphasize the means through which cell replacement can still be achieved.

scholarly journals Vitamin C in the Treatment of COVID-19

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1172
Author(s):  
Gregorio Paolo Milani ◽  
Marina Macchi ◽  
Anat Guz-Mark
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Vitamin C Supplementation ◽  
Essential Nutrient

Vitamin C is an essential nutrient that serves as antioxidant and plays a major role as co-factor and modulator of various pathways of the immune system. Its therapeutic effect during infections has been a matter of debate, with conflicting results in studies of respiratory infections and in critically ill patients. This comprehensive review aimed to summarize the current evidence regarding the use of vitamin C in the prevention or treatment of patients with SARS-CoV2 infection, based on available publications between January 2020 and February 2021. Overall, 21 publications were included in this review, consisting of case-reports and case-series, observational studies, and some clinical trials. In many of the publications, data were incomplete, and in most clinical trials the results are still pending. No studies regarding prevention of COVID-19 with vitamin C supplementation were found. Although some clinical observations reported improved medical condition of patients with COVID-19 treated with vitamin C, available data from controlled studies are scarce and inconclusive. Based on the theoretical background presented in this article, and some preliminary encouraging studies, the role of vitamin C in the treatment of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection should be further investigated.

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