Rheological and Nutritional Characterization of Sweet Corn By-Product (Cob) to Develop a Functional Ingredient Applied in Dressings

In this study, a flour from corn cob (central core of the maize ear, stage R4) was obtained through three treatments. The three flours obtained were characterized by bromatological analysis, yield, and granulometry. Additional dressing-type oil in water (O/W) emulsions were developed, varying the formulation by incorporating distinct amounts of corn cob flour. The formulations' stability was evaluated over a period of 21 days, determining the particle size, creaming index, coalescence rate, consistency coefficient (k), and flow behavior indices (n). Results have shown significant differences in protein, fat, and carbohydrate content in the flour, depending on the cooking treatment. A good percentage of grinding yield was obtained (98%), in addition to several fractions by granulometry (60, 120, 250 MESH), showing differences in their nutritional content. Finally, the particle size of O/W emulsions developed varied among formulations. The combination of 0.6% of xanthan gum (XG) and corn cob flour showed major stability in average droplet size. No significant differences were observed in the coalescence rate values for the three formulations. Still, significant differences in the creaming index were evidenced in those formulations without XG or corn cob flour. The results regarding the consistency coefficient (k) and flow behavior indices (n) suggest a possible synergy between XG and flour of corn cob for enhancing the viscosity and pseudoplasticity of dressings in a concentration-dependent manner.

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Design and characterization of oil-in-water nanoemulsion for enhanced oil recovery stabilized by amphiphilic copolymer, nonionic surfactant, and LAPONITE® RD

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/d0ra06080a ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 1952-1959

Author(s):

Yi Zhao ◽

Fangfang Peng ◽

Yangchuan Ke

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Nonionic Surfactant ◽

Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽

Oil Recovery ◽

Small Particle ◽

Amphiphilic Copolymer ◽

Good Stability ◽

Small Particle Size ◽

Oil In Water

Emulsion with small particle size and good stability stabilized by emulsifiers was successfully prepared for EOR application.

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Characterization of Astaxanthin Nanoemulsions Produced by Intense Fluid Shear through a Self-Throttling Nanometer Range Annular Orifice Valve-Based High-Pressure Homogenizer

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26102856 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (10) ◽

pp. 2856

Author(s):

Gary B. Smejkal ◽

Edmund Y. Ting ◽

Karthik Nambi Arul Nambi ◽

Richard T. Schumacher ◽

Alexander V. Lazarev

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Size Reduction ◽

Hydrodynamic Diameter ◽

Fluid Shear ◽

Particle Size Reduction ◽

Annular Gap ◽

Oil In Water ◽

High Pressure Homogenizer ◽

Pass Through

Stable, oil-in-water nanoemulsions containing astaxanthin (AsX) were produced by intense fluid shear forces resulting from pumping a coarse reagent emulsion through a self-throttling annular gap valve at 300 MPa. Compared to crude emulsions prepared by conventional homogenization, a size reduction of over two orders of magnitude was observed for AsX-encapsulated oil droplets following just one pass through the annular valve. In krill oil formulations, the mean hydrodynamic diameter of lipid particles was reduced to 60 nm after only two passes through the valve and reached a minimal size of 24 nm after eight passes. Repeated processing of samples through the valve progressively decreased lipid particle size, with an inflection in the rate of particle size reduction generally observed after 2–4 passes. Krill- and argan oil-based nanoemulsions were produced using an Ultra Shear Technology™ (UST™) approach and characterized in terms of their small particle size, low polydispersity, and stability.

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Terminal short arm domains of basement membrane laminin are critical for its self-assembly.

The Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1083/jcb.110.3.825 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 110 (3) ◽

pp. 825-832 ◽

Cited By ~ 77

Author(s):

J C Schittny ◽

P D Yurchenco

Keyword(s):

Self Assembly ◽

Affinity Column ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Concentration Dependent Manner ◽

Calcium Dependent ◽

Domain Specific ◽

Binding Domains ◽

Individual Domain ◽

The Individual

Laminin self-assembles into large polymers by a cooperative two-step calcium-dependent mechanism (Yurchenco, P. D., E. C. Tsilibary, A. S. Charonis, and H. Furthmayr. 1985. J. Biol. Chem. 260:7636-7644). The domain specificity of this process was investigated using defined proteolytically generated fragments corresponding to the NH2-terminal globule and adjacent stem of the short arm of the B1 chain (E4), a complex of the two short arms of the A and B2 chains attached to the proximal stem of a third short arm (E1'), a similar complex lacking the globular domains (P1'), and the distal half of the long arm attached to the adjacent portion of the large globule (E8). Polymerization, followed by an increase of turbidity at 360 nm in neutral isotonic TBS containing CaCl2 at 35 degrees C, was quantitatively inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner with laminin fragments E4 and E1' but not with fragments E8 and P1'. Affinity retardation chromatography was used for further characterization of the binding of laminin domains. The migration of fragment E4, but not of fragments E8 and P1', was retarded in a temperature- and calcium-dependent fashion on a laminin affinity column but not on a similar BSA column. These data are evidence that laminin fragments E4 and E1' possess essential terminal binding domains for the self-aggregation of laminin, while fragments E8 and P1' do not. Furthermore, the individual domain-specific interactions that contribute to assembly are calcium dependent and of low affinity.

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Identification of Novel VEB β-Lactamase Enzymes and Their Impact on Avibactam Inhibition

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.00047-16 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 60 (5) ◽

pp. 3183-3186 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Sushmita D. Lahiri ◽

Richard A. Alm

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Binding Pocket ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Concentration Dependent Manner ◽

Content Type ◽

Class A ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

Class C

ABSTRACTCeftazidime-avibactam has activity againstPseudomonas aeruginosaandEnterobacteriaceaeexpressing numerous class A and class C β-lactamases, although the ability to inhibit many minor enzyme variants has not been established. Novel VEB class A β-lactamases were identified during characterization of surveillance isolates. The cloned novel VEB β-lactamases possessed an extended-spectrum β-lactamase phenotype and were inhibited by avibactam in a concentration-dependent manner. The residues that comprised the avibactam binding pocket were either identical or functionally conserved. These data demonstrate that avibactam can inhibit VEB β-lactamases.

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Partial Purification and Characterization of Rhodanese from Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Liver

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1100/2012/648085 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hossein Tayefi-Nasrabadi ◽

Reza Rahmani

Keyword(s):

Rainbow Trout ◽

Relative Activity ◽

Tissue Homogenate ◽

Partial Purification ◽

Toxic Substances ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Concentration Dependent Manner ◽

Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽

Liver Tissue Homogenate

Cyanide is one of the most toxic substances present in a wide variety of food materials that are consumed by animals. Rhodanese, a ubiquitous enzyme, can catalyse the detoxification of cyanide by sulphuration reaction. In this study, rhodanese was partially purified and characterized from the liver tissue homogenate of the rainbow trout. The enzyme was active in a broad range of pH, from 5 to 12. The optimal activity was found at a high pH (pH 10.5), and the temperature optimum was25∘C. The enzyme was heat labile, losing > 50% of relative activity after only 5 min of incubation at40∘C. TheKmvalues for KCN and Na2S2O3as substrates were 36.81 mM and 19.84 mM, respectively. Studies on the enzyme with a number of cations showed that the activity of the enzyme was not affected by Sn2+, but Hg2+, Ba2+, Pb2+, and Ca2+inhibited and Cu2+activated the enzyme with a concentration-dependent manner.

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Fluorescein-Labeled Starch Maleate Nanoparticles as Sensitive Fluorescent Sensing Probes for Metal Ions

Journal of Nanomaterials ◽

10.1155/2014/108359 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Suk Fun Chin ◽

Aressa Azman ◽

Suh Cem Pang ◽

Sing Muk Ng

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Metal Ions ◽

Self Assembly ◽

Detection Limits ◽

Emission Wavelength ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Ethanolic Solution ◽

Concentration Dependent Manner ◽

Maximum Emission ◽

Fluorescent Sensing

Fluorescein 5(6)-isothiocyanate starch maleate (FISM) nanoparticles were prepared by covalently attached fluorescein 5(6)-isothiocyanate (FITC) with starch maleate. FISM nanoparticles with a mean particle size of 87 nm were formed via self-assembly upon precipitation in ethanolic solution. FISM nanoparticles were strongly fluorescent with maximum emission wavelength of 518 nm. The fluorescence of FISM nanoparticles can be quenched by silver (Ag+) and lead (Pb2+) ions in a concentration dependent manner. We have demonstrated the first use of FISM nanoparticles as cheap and effective fluorescent sensing probes for Ag+and Pb2+ions with detection limits as low as 2.55×10−5 M and 3.64×10−5 M, respectively.

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Anionic amino acid uptake by microvillous membrane vesicles from human placenta

AJP Cell Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpcell.1989.257.5.c1005 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 257 (5) ◽

pp. C1005-C1011 ◽

Cited By ~ 91

Author(s):

A. J. Moe ◽

C. H. Smith

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Glutamate Uptake ◽

Membrane Vesicles ◽

Amino Acid Uptake ◽

Maternal Blood ◽

Acid Uptake ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Concentration Dependent Manner

The transport mechanisms for anionic amino acids in trophoblast microvillous (maternal facing) membrane were investigated by characterization of L-[3H]aspartate and L-[3H]glutamate uptake in membrane vesicles. Uptake of the anionic amino acids was by a single high-affinity Na+-dependent K+-stimulated cotransporter that is pH sensitive and electrogenic. A second Na+-dependent transporter could not be discriminated, and there was no observable Na+-independent uptake. An outwardly directed K+ gradient (100 mM KCl inside) resulted in a 5- to 10-fold stimulation in glutamate uptake in the presence of Na+. Intravesicular KCl had no effect on transporter affinity but increased transporter velocity in a concentration-dependent manner. Inhibition of Na+-K+-dependent uptake of L-aspartate and L-glutamate (20 mM, 30 s) by 2 mM unlabeled amino acids demonstrated stereoselectivity for L-glutamate but not for L-aspartate. The neutral amino acids (L-alanine, L-threonine, L-serine, L-cysteine, L-phenylalanine) were not effective inhibitors. These data are consistent with an anionic amino acid transporter in the microvillous membrane of the trophoblast, which has characteristics qualitatively similar to the X-AG system found in other epithelia. This system may mediate the concentrative placental uptake of anionic amino acids from maternal blood in utero.

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Abstract 15558: Characterization of Sarcolemmal K Atp Channels in Human Ipsc-derived Cardiomyocytes

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.142.suppl_3.15558 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Robert Geiger ◽

Naheed Fatima ◽

Michael Klein ◽

Robert E Goldstein ◽

Mark C HAIGNEY ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Katp Channel ◽

Field Potential ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Concentration Dependent Manner ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Typical Composition ◽

Human Ipsc ◽

Action Potential Shortening

Background: The ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP) plays a key role in protecting heart muscle during metabolic challenges such as ischemia. KATP activation causes action potential shortening that reduces calcium entry and contraction thus reducing calcium overload induced damage and preserving energy reserves. Cardiomyocytes derived from human inducible pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) have emerged as a model to study cardiac function, however there are few studies that have focused on KATP. Methods: In the present study, cardiomyocytes were either generated from hiPSC using heparin- based chemically defined media or purchased from Cellular Dynamics (iCells2). Expression of the pore-forming (Kir6.2) and regulatory (SUR1 & SUR2) subunits of the KATP channel during differentiation were assessed using western blot. KATP function was assessed by measuring the field potential duration (FPD) and spontaneous beat rate in a confluent monolayer using the Axion Maestro multielectrode array system. Cells were probed using the KATP activators P1075 and diazoxide, specific for SUR2 and SUR1, respectively. Results: We found that the pore-forming subunit of the sarcolemmal KATP channel (Kir6.2) was expressed in iPSC and maintained throughout the course of differentiation. Consistent with the typical composition of sarcolemmal KATP, we observe a significant increase of SUR2 but little SUR1 protein following Wnt inhibition. Functionally, the FPD is markedly reduced by P1075 in a concentration-dependent manner, with 24% reduction at 100 nM and 92 % reduction at 100 μM. Moreover, glibenclamide 10μM reduces FPD shortening confirming a role for KATP. Finally, we observe little change in FPD when cells are exposed to diazoxide (100 μM) consistent with reduced SUR1 protein levels. Conclusion: These results indicate that cardiomyocytes derived from human iPSC express the KATP channel composed of primarily the SUR2 isoform and suggest that iPSC derived cardiomyocytes would be an effective model for studying the role of KATP during metabolic challenges.

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In Vitro Inhibitory Mechanism Effect of TRAIP on the Function of TRAF2 Revealed by Characterization of Interaction Domains

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms19082457 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (8) ◽

pp. 2457 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Eijaz Bhat ◽

Chang Kim ◽

Sunghwan Kim ◽

Hyun Park

Keyword(s):

Coiled Coil ◽

Adaptor Protein ◽

Direct Interaction ◽

Negative Regulator ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Inhibitory Mechanism ◽

Concentration Dependent Manner ◽

Critical Function

TRAF-interacting protein (TRAIP), a negative regulator of TNF-induced-nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activation, inhibits adaptor protein TRAF2 by direct interaction and is critical in apoptosis, cell proliferation, antiviral response, and embryonic development. Although the critical function of TRAIP in NF-κB signaling is well-known, the molecular inhibitory mechanism of TRAIP remains unclear. We found that the TRAIP coiled-coil domain altered its stoichiometry between dimer and trimer in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, the TRAIP RING domain induced even higher-ordered assembly, which was necessary for interacting with the TRAF-N domain of TRAF2 but not TRAF1. Characterization of the TRAF-N domains of TRAF1 and TRAF2, the tentative TRAIP-binding region of TRAFs, suggested the molecular basis of the inhibitory effect of TRAIP on TRAF2 in NF-κB signaling.

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Role of somatostatin neurons in intestinal peristalsis: facilitatory interneurons in descending pathways

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.1987.253.4.g434 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 253 (4) ◽

pp. G434-G438 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

J. R. Grider ◽

A. Arimura ◽

G. M. Makhlouf

Keyword(s):

Circular Muscle ◽

Final Concentration ◽

Rat Colon ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Descending Pathways ◽

Concentration Dependent Manner ◽

Intestinal Peristalsis ◽

Somatostatin Neurons

The role of somatostatin neurons in the regulation of peristalsis was examined in segments of rat colon that permit separate characterization of the ascending contraction and descending relaxation components of the peristaltic reflex. Release of somatostatin and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) increased significantly only during descending relaxation. Preincubation of the segment with somatostatin antiserum (final concentration 1:40) decreased VIP release and descending relaxation. Addition of somatostatin (1 nM to 1 microM) augmented VIP release and descending relaxation in a concentration-dependent manner. Together the results implied that the increase in somatostatin release was coupled to, and responsible for, the increase in VIP release, which in turn was responsible for descending relaxation. The results are consistent with the topography of myenteric VIP neurons (which project into circular muscle) and somatostatin neurons (which project caudad within the plexus) and the pharmacological properties of the two peptides. Somatostatin antiserum had no effect on basal VIP release or ascending contraction, indicating that somatostatin neurons were not involved in the regulation of ascending contraction. The study suggests that somatostatin neurons of the myenteric plexus act as facilitatory interneurons in descending pathways.

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