scholarly journals Modeling the Contribution of Milk to Global Nutrition

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick W. Smith ◽  
Andrew J. Fletcher ◽  
Jeremy P. Hill ◽  
Warren C. McNabb
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Food System ◽  
High Quality Protein ◽  
Indispensable Amino Acids ◽  
High Valuation ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Global Nutrition ◽  
Global Food

Nutrient-rich foods play a major role in countering the challenges of nourishing an increasing global population. Milk is a source of high-quality protein and bioavailable amino acids, several vitamins, and minerals such as calcium. We used the DELTA Model, which calculates the delivery of nutrition from global food production scenarios, to examine the role of milk in global nutrition. Of the 29 nutrients considered by the model, milk contributes to the global availability of 28. Milk is the main contributing food item for calcium (49% of global nutrient availability), Vitamin B2 (24%), lysine (18%), and dietary fat (15%), and contributes more than 10% of global nutrient availability for a further five indispensable amino acids, protein, vitamins A, B5, and B12, phosphorous, and potassium. Despite these high contributions to individual nutrients, milk is responsible for only 7% of food energy availability, indicating a valuable contribution to global nutrition without necessitating high concomitant energy intakes. Among the 98 food items considered by the model, milk ranks in the top five contributors to 23 of the 29 nutrients modeled. This quantification of the importance of milk to global nutrition in the current global food system demonstrates the need for the high valuation of this food when considering future changes to the system.

scholarly journals The DELTA Model: Understanding the Ability of the Global Food System to Deliver Nutrition

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 689-689
Author(s):  
Nick Smith ◽  
Andrew Fletcher ◽  
Lakshmi Dave ◽  
Jeremy Hill ◽  
Warren McNabb
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Food System ◽  
Food Distribution ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Nutritional Adequacy ◽  
Global Food System ◽  
Global Nutrition ◽  
Global Food ◽  
Delta Model

Abstract Objectives While the environmental, social and economic sustainability of the current global food system attracts increasing research, its ability to nourish the global population must be prioritised. Our objective was to produce a computational model illustrating the nutritional adequacy of the current global food system and allow investigation of proposed global food system scenarios. Methods Data from several public databases was collected to describe food production, processing and waste in the global food system. Data was also sourced for global demographics and human nutritional requirements for 29 nutrients. These data were used to construct the DELTA Model. The model takes global food production scenarios as its input and calculates the nutrients available for human consumption, after consideration of animal feed uses, waste and non-food use. This amount of available nutrients was then compared to demographically weighted target daily intakes, allowing the nutritional adequacy of the food system to be quantified. The DELTA Model also includes nutrient bioavailability adjustments for protein and essential amino acids to ensure accurate conclusions are drawn for these nutrients, demonstrated to be pressure points in global nutrition previously. The model is freely available online. Results Modelling the 2018 global food system showed that neither energy nor protein are limiting under conditions of equal food distribution, even with a population increase of 1 billion. Halving food waste between farm and consumer allows for sufficient energy and protein availability to nourish the forecast 2050 population of 9.7 billion using current production volumes. However, numerous micronutrient insufficiencies emerge in these future scenarios. Considering the bioavailability of protein and amino acids reduced the availability of these nutrients by between 2% and 17% compared to simply considering the content of foods, emphasizing the importance of this consideration. Conclusions It is essential that nutritional adequacy is at the forefront of the sustainable food system debate. The DELTA Model allows both experts and non-experts to better understand food system dynamics in global nutrition, aiding the discussion of what changes to the food system may be appropriate. Funding Sources Funding from the Riddet Institute Centre of Research Excellence.

Food security in the 21st century and in the role of biotechnology

foresight ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 399-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Pinstrup‐Andersen ◽  
Marc J. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Adequate Diet ◽  
The World ◽  
Productivity Gains ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Global Food

Although global food production has consistently kept pace with population growth, the gap between food production and demand in certain parts of the world is likely to remain. More than 800 million people in developing countries lack access to a minimally adequate diet. Continued productivity gains are essential on the supply side, because global population will increase by 73 million people a year over the next two decades. In this article we assess the current global food situation, look at the prospects through to the year 2020, and outline the policies needed to achieve food security for all. Emphasis is on the role that agricultural biotechnology might play in reaching this goal.

Responding to neoliberal diets: School meal programmes in Brazil and Canada

2018 ◽  
pp. 347-364
Author(s):  
Estevan Leopoldo de Freitas Coca ◽  
Ricardo César Barbosa Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Food System ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
The Other ◽  
Farm To School ◽  
School Meal ◽  
Family Farmers ◽  
Food Education ◽  
Global Food System ◽  
Global Food

This chapter identifies school meal programs in Brazil and Canada as sustainable alternatives to some of the harms caused by the dominance large corporations exert on the global food system. It analyses the new version of the Brazilian National School Meal Program (PNAE) and British Columbia’s Farm to School initiative (F2S BC) in Canada. On one hand, PNAE creates an institutional market for family farmers, while offering students a greater amount of locally produced fresh and healthy food. On the other, F2S BC takes form through activities such as school gardens, food education and incentives to purchase locally produced food. This work finds that PNAE has more reach but limits school meals to consumption, whereas F2S BC emphasizes the role of schools as spaces for growing and recognises food as a pedagogical resource.

scholarly journals Seafood in Food Security: A Call for Bridging the Terrestrial-Aquatic Divide

2022 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacia Stetkiewicz ◽  
Rachel A. Norman ◽  
Edward Hugh Allison ◽  
Neil L. Andrew ◽  
Gulshan Ara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Food System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Global Food

The contribution of seafood to global food security is being increasingly highlighted in policy. However, the extent to which such claims are supported in the current food security literature is unclear. This review assesses the extent to which seafood is represented in the recent food security literature, both individually and from a food systems perspective, in combination with terrestrially-based production systems. The results demonstrate that seafood remains under-researched compared to the role of terrestrial animal and plant production in food security. Furthermore, seafood and terrestrial production remain siloed, with very few papers addressing the combined contribution or relations between terrestrial and aquatic systems. We conclude that far more attention is needed to the specific and relative role of seafood in global food security and call for the integration of seafood in a wider interdisciplinary approach to global food system research.

scholarly journals Resilience and reactivity of global food security

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (22) ◽  
pp. 6902-6907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Suweis ◽  
Joel A. Carr ◽  
Amos Maritan ◽  
Andrea Rinaldo ◽  
Paolo D’Odorico
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food System ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Global Food ◽  
Country Specific

The escalating food demand by a growing and increasingly affluent global population is placing unprecedented pressure on the limited land and water resources of the planet, underpinning concerns over global food security and its sensitivity to shocks arising from environmental fluctuations, trade policies, and market volatility. Here, we use country-specific demographic records along with food production and trade data for the past 25 y to evaluate the stability and reactivity of the relationship between population dynamics and food availability. We develop a framework for the assessment of the resilience and the reactivity of the coupled population–food system and suggest that over the past two decades both its sensitivity to external perturbations and susceptibility to instability have increased.

Role of the System L permease LAT1 in amino acid and iodothyronine transport in placenta

2001 ◽  
Vol 356 (3) ◽  
pp. 719-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. A. RITCHIE ◽  
Peter M. TAYLOR
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Kinetic Properties ◽  
Specific Substrate ◽  
Maternal Circulation ◽  
Bewo Cells ◽  
System L ◽  
Indispensable Amino Acids

The feto-placental unit relies on a maternal supply of indispensable amino acids and iodothyronines for early development and normal growth. We examined the role of the System L transporter in placental uptake of these substances, using the human placental choriocarcinoma cell line BeWo as a model experimental system. BeWo cells express both heavy (4F2hc) and light (LAT1, LAT2) chains of the System L holotransporter. Saturable transport of both l-[3H]tryptophan and [125I]tri-iodo-l-thyronine in BeWo cells includes components sensitive to inhibition by the System-L-specific substrate 2-endoamino-bicycloheptane-2-carboxylic acid; kinetic properties of these components indicate that the 4F2hc-LAT1 transporter isoform is likely to predominate for the carriage of both substances at physiologically relevant concentrations. Both 4F2hc and LAT1 proteins are also expressed in human placental membranes and LAT1 at least is localized largely to the syncytiotrophoblast layer of the term human placenta. The 4F2hc-LAT1 transporter might therefore serve a vital role in supplying the developing fetus and the placenta with both thyroid hormones and indispensable amino acids from the maternal circulation.

scholarly journals CULTURE BASED FISHERIES (CBF) SEBAGAI UPAYA MENINGKATKAN PRODUKSI IKAN DI WADUK

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Aisyah Aisyah Aisyah ◽  
Setiya Triharyuni ◽  
Eko Prianto ◽  
Rudy Masuswo Purwoko ◽  
Husnah Husnah
Keyword(s):  
Food System ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Fish Production ◽  
Fish Resources ◽  
Institutional Strengthening ◽  
The Right ◽  
Technical Guidance ◽  
Global Food

Sistem pangan global semakin dituntut untuk memenuhi permintaan ikan seiring meningkatnya tingkat konsumsi ikan di masa depan. Tujuan penulisan makalah ini adalah untuk memberikan gambaran bahwa CBF sebagai solusi cepat dalam meningkatkan produksi ikan termasuk mengoptimalkan produktivitas di suatu perairan sehingga mempersempit kesenjangan antara permintaan akan sumber protein hewani dan pasokan sumberdaya ikan melalui peningkatan produksi. Melalui analisis deskriptif terhadap data statistik perikanan nasional tahun 2002-2017, kajian pustaka terkait dengan CBF dan hasil tangkapan yang didaratkan di Waduk Malahayu tahun 2008-2016, diperoleh gambaran bahwa upaya meningkatkan produksi ikan melalui CBF di Indonesia dengan mengikuti kaidah ilmiah merupakan opsi yang tepat untuk meningkatkan produksi perikanan tangkap. Penerapan CBF memerlukan penguatan kelembagaan, petunjuk teknis yang jelas dan tersosialisasi dengan baik serta penguatan peran lembaga penyedia benih. The global food system is increasingly being demanded to meet demand as the level of fish consumption increases in the future. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of CBF as a solution in narrowing the gap between the demand for sources of animal protein and the supply of fish resources through increased the production include maximizing the productivity. Through descriptive analysis of the national fisheries statistical data for 2002-2017, literature review related to CBF and catches landed in Malahayu reservoir in 2008-2016, an illustration is that efforts to increase fish production through CBF in Indonesia by following scientific rules are the right option to increase capture fisheries production respectively. Implementation of CBF requires institutional strengthening, clear technical guidance and well-socialized and strengthening the role of seed provider institutions.

The Telecoupling Approach to the Global Food System and Climate Change Regime: The Pivotal Role of Brazil and China

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-107
Author(s):  
Douglas de Castro ◽  
Daniele Arcolini Cassucci de Lima ◽  
Caroline Romano
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food System ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Global Food System ◽  
Global Food

scholarly journals Food sustainability: problems, perspectives and solutions

2013 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara Garnett
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Food System ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Home Food ◽  
Food Security And Nutrition ◽  
Sustainability Problems ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Global Food ◽  
Home Food Preparation

The global food system makes a significant contribution to climate changing greenhouse gas emissions with all stages in the supply chain, from agricultural production through processing, distribution, retailing, home food preparation and waste, playing a part. It also gives rise to other major environmental impacts, including biodiversity loss and water extraction and pollution. Policy makers are increasingly aware of the need to address these concerns, but at the same time they are faced with a growing burden of food security and nutrition-related problems, and tasked with ensuring that there is enough food to meet the needs of a growing global population. In short, more people need to be fed better, with less environmental impact. How might this be achieved? Broadly, three main ‘takes’ or perspectives, on the issues and their interactions, appear to be emerging. Depending on one's view point, the problem can be conceptualised as a production challenge, in which case there is a need to change how food is produced by improving the unit efficiency of food production; a consumption challenge, which requires changes to the dietary drivers that determine food production; or a socio-economic challenge, which requires changes in how the food system is governed. This paper considers these perspectives in turn, their implications for nutrition and climate change, and their strengths and weaknesses. Finally, an argument is made for a reorientation of policy thinking which uses the insights provided by all three perspectives, rather than, as is the situation today, privileging one over the other.

Nourishing Humanity without Destroying the Planet

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-81
Author(s):  
Anne Barnhill ◽  
Jessica Fanzo
Keyword(s):  
Food System ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Healthy Diets ◽  
Global Food System ◽  
Moral Case ◽  
Fair Wages ◽  
Farmer Livelihoods ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Global Food

AbstractAs part of the roundtable, “Ethics and the Future of the Global Food System,” this essay discusses some of the major challenges we will face in feeding the world in 2050. A first challenge is nutritional: 690 million people (9 percent of the world's population) are currently undernourished, while 2.1 billion adults (28 percent of the population) are overweight or obese. The current global food system is insufficient in ensuring that the nutritious foods that make up healthy diets are available and accessible for the world's population. Moreover, by 2050, as the global population increases, food demand will increase by 50–60 percent. A fundamental challenge is meeting this demand while not wreaking irreversible havoc on natural resources, the environment, and planetary systems. A body of scientific research has coalesced around the need to reduce food loss and waste, adopt environmentally sustainable production practices, and shift toward plant-dominant diets. Other long-standing food system problems include deficits in providing fair wages and decent working conditions for food system workers, threats to smallholder farmer livelihoods, and tens of billions of animals kept in welfare-deficit confinement conditions. These food system challenges are bad states of affairs that matter from a variety of moral perspectives. In other words, there is a robust moral case for addressing these challenges. Yet concerted policy action in this area is insufficient and largely absent, pointing to the underlying challenge and complexity of political inertia.

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