scholarly journals Estimated Sweetness in US Diet Among Children and Adults Declined From 2001 to 2018: A Serial Cross-Sectional Surveillance Study Using NHANES 2001–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Kamil ◽  
Alissa R. Wilson ◽  
Colin D. Rehm
Keyword(s):  
Population Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Matched Pair ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Recall Data

An agreed-upon measure of total dietary sweetness is lacking hindering assessments of population-level patterns and trends in dietary sweetness. This cross-sectional study used 24-h dietary recall data for 74,461 participants aged ≥ 2 y from nine cycles (2001–2018) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to evaluate trends in the sweetness of the diet in the United States (US). LCS-containing items were matched to a sugar-sweetened counterpart (e.g., diet cola–regular cola or sucralose sugar). The matched pair was used to estimate the sugar equivalents from LCS-sweetened foods or beverages to estimate dietary level sweetness, which was described as grams of approximate sugar equivalent (ASE) per day. Trends in ASE were estimated overall and by subgroup, and trends were further disaggregated by food or beverage category. Overall, LCS sources contributed about 10.5% of ASE. Total ASE declined from 152 g/d to 117 g/d from 2001–2002 to 2017–2018 (p-trend < 0.001), with comparable declines in children and adults. Declines in total ASE were predominantly driven by beverages (−36.7% from 2001–2002 to 2017–2018) and tabletop sweeteners (−23.8%), but not food (−1.5%). Observed trends were robust to sensitivity analyses incorporating random, systematic, and sensory trial informed estimates of sweetness and also an analysis excluding possible under-reporters of dietary energy. This practical approach and underlying data may help researchers to apply the technique to other dietary studies to further these questions.

scholarly journals Trends in Vitamin C Consumption in the United States: 1999–2018

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 420
Author(s):  
Mary Brauchla ◽  
Mark J. Dekker ◽  
Colin D. Rehm
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Health And Nutrition

Low intakes of fruits and vegetables have resulted in suboptimal intakes of several micronutrients, including vitamin C. This cross-sectional study used data from 84,902 children/adults (≥1 y) who completed a 24-h dietary recall as part of the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2018). Mean vitamin C intakes from foods/beverages were calculated as were trends in major food/beverage sources of vitamin C. Percentages below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) were estimated. Overall, mean vitamin C consumption declined by 23% (97–75 mg/d; p-value for trend < 0.001). 100% fruit juice was the leading source of vitamin C (25.6% of total or 21.7mg/d), but this declined by 48% (25–13 mg/d; p-value for trend < 0.001). Whole fruit increased among children/adolescents (+75.8%;10–17 mg/d; p-value for trend < 0.001), but not adults, while the vegetable contribution was generally unchanged. The proportion of the population below the EAR increased by 23.8% on a relative scale or 9 percentage points on an absolute scale (38.3–47.4%). Declines in vitamin C intake is driven largely by decreases in fruit juice coupled with modest increases in whole fruit. Due to associations between vitamin C intake and numerous health outcomes these trends warrant careful monitoring moving forward.

scholarly journals The Association Between Hours Spent at Work and Obesity Status: Results From NHANES 2015 to 2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-365
Author(s):  
Caitlin Doerrmann ◽  
S. Cristina Oancea ◽  
Arielle Selya
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Health ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hours Worked ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Obesity Status

Purpose: To determine whether weekly hours worked is associated with obesity among employed adults in the United States. Design: Data from the 2015 to 2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used for this study. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey is a cross-sectional study. Setting: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey is conducted annually by the National Center for Health Statistics designed to assess the health and nutritional status of citizens in the United States. Participants: The final study sample size was 2,581. Measures: The outcome was obesity status (yes/no) and the exposure was the number of hours worked per week (<40, =40, >40 h/wk). Covariates of interest included in the analyses were income, age, education level, race, leisure-time physical activity, and gender. Analysis: A weighted and adjusted logistic regression model was conducted in order to investigate the association between the number of hours worked at a job per week and obesity status. Descriptive statistics and weighted and adjusted odds ratios were produced with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: After controlling for the covariates of interest, people working 40 or 40+ hours a week had 1.403 (95% CI: 1.06-1.85) and 1.409 (95% CI: 1.03-1.93) times significantly greater odds of obesity than those who work <40 hours a week, respectively. Conclusion: Obesity is a complex and multifactorial disease with genetic and environmental interactions, including the number of hours a person works/week as a potential risk factor.

scholarly journals Perceived and objective diet quality in US adults: a cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 2641-2649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany M Powell-Wiley ◽  
Paige E Miller ◽  
Priscilla Agyemang ◽  
Tanya Agurs-Collins ◽  
Jill Reedy
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Total Fat

AbstractObjectiveThe Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) dietary pattern has been shown to reduce cardiometabolic risk. Little is understood about the relationship between objective diet quality and perceived diet quality (PDQ), a potential psychosocial barrier to appropriate dietary intake. We compared PDQ and diet quality measured by a nutrient-based DASH index score in the USA.DesignCross-sectional study. Participants in the 2005–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) rated diet quality on a 5-point Likert scale and PDQ scores were generated (low, medium, high). A single 24 h dietary recall was used to estimate DASH index scores (range 0–9 points) by assigning 0, 0·5 or 1 point (optimal) for nine target nutrients: total fat, saturated fat, protein, cholesterol, fibre, Ca, Mg, K and Na.SettingNationally representative sample of the US population.SubjectsAdults aged ≥19 years in 2005–2006 NHANES (n 4419).ResultsParticipants with high PDQ (33 %) had higher DASH index scores (mean 3·0 (sd 0·07)) than those with low PDQ (mean 2·5 (sd 0·06), P < 0·001), but average scores did not align with targets for intermediate or optimal DASH accordance. Adults with high PDQ reported higher total fat, saturated fat and Na intakes compared with optimal DASH nutrient goals. Differences between those with high v. low PDQ were similar for Whites and Blacks, but there was no difference between PDQ groups for Mexican Americans.ConclusionsAmong Whites and Blacks, but not Mexican Americans, high PDQ may be associated with higher diet quality, but not necessarily a diet meeting DASH nutrient goals. This disconnect between PDQ and actual diet quality may serve as a target in obesity prevention.

scholarly journals Common ways Americans are incorporating fruits and vegetables into their diet: intake patterns by meal, source and form, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2010

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (14) ◽  
pp. 2535-2539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Latetia V Moore ◽  
Heather C Hamner ◽  
Sonia A Kim ◽  
Karen Dalenius
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Recall Data ◽  
Retail Outlets ◽  
Diet Intake

AbstractObjectiveWe explored how Americans aged ≥2 years who consumed the recommended amount of fruits and vegetables on a given day incorporated fruits and vegetables into their diet compared with those who did not consume recommended amounts.DesignWe used 1 d of dietary recall data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2010 to examine cross-sectional differences in mean intakes of fruits and vegetables in cup-equivalents by meal, source and form between the two groups.SettingUSA.SubjectsNHANES 2007–2010 participants aged ≥2 years (n 17 571) with 1 d of reliable 24 h recall data.ResultsOn a given day, the proportions of fruits and vegetables consumed at different meals were similar between those who consumed recommended amounts and those who did not. Among adults, 59–64 % of their intake of fruits was consumed at breakfast or as a snack and almost 90 % came from retail outlets regardless of whether they consumed the recommended amount or not. Adults who consumed the recommended amount of fruits ate more fruits in raw form and with no additions than those who did not. Among children and adults, 52–57 % of vegetables were consumed at dinner by both groups. Retail outlets were the main source of vegetables consumed (60–68 %).ConclusionsOur findings indicate that habits of when, where and how consumers eat fruits and vegetables might not need to change but increasing the amount consumed would help those not currently meeting the recommendation.

scholarly journals Prescription Antibiotic Use among the US population 1999-2018: National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly Petersen ◽  
Sara E Cosgrove ◽  
Thomas C Quinn ◽  
Eshan Patel ◽  
M Kate Grabowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
National Health ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Poverty Status

Abstract Background Antibiotic resistance has been identified as a public health threat both in the United States and globally. The United States published the “National Strategy for Combating Antibiotic Resistance” in 2014, which included goals to reduce inappropriate outpatient antibiotic use. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted using National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) years 1999-2018. Weighted prevalence of past 30-day non-topical outpatient antibiotic use was calculated, as well as the change in prevalence from 1999-02 to 2015-18 and 2007-10 to 2015-18, both overall and for subgroups. Associations with past 30-day non-topical outpatient antibiotic use in 2015-18 were examined using predictive margins calculated by multivariable logistic regression. Results The overall prevalence of past 30-day non-topical outpatient antibiotic use adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, poverty status, time of year of the interview, and insurance status from 1999-2002 to 2015-2018 changed significantly from 4.9% (95% CI 3.9%, 5.0%) to 3.0% (95% CI 2.6%, 3.0%), with the largest decrease among children 0-1 years. From 2007-2010 to 2015-2018, there was no significant change (adjusted Prevalence Ratio [adjPR] 1.0 [95% CI 0.8, 1,2. Age was significantly associated with antibiotic use, with children age 0-1 years having significantly higher antibiotic use than all other age categories &gt;6 years. Being non-Hispanic Black was negatively associated with antibiotic use as compared to being non-Hispanic White (adjPR 0.6 [95% CI 0.4, 0.8]). Conclusions While there were declines in antibiotic use from 1999-02 to 2015-18, there were no observed declines during the last decade.

Validation of a new software eAT24 used to assess dietary intake in the adult Portuguese population

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (17) ◽  
pp. 3093-3103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana CL Goios ◽  
Milton Severo ◽  
Amanda J Lloyd ◽  
Vânia PL Magalhães ◽  
Carla Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sampling Frame ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Recall Data ◽  
The Difference

AbstractObjective:The aim of the current study was to evaluate the accuracy of the new software eAT24 used to assess dietary intake in the National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (IAN-AF) against urinary biomarkers: N (nitrogen), K (potassium) and Na (sodium).Design:We conducted a cross-sectional study. Two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls (24-HDR) were applied, and a 24-h urine sample was collected. We examined differences between estimates from dietary and urine measures, Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated and the Bland–Altman plots were drawn. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the factors associated with the difference between estimates.Setting:Sub-sample from the Portuguese IAN-AF sampling frame.Participants:Ninety-five adults (men and women) aged 18–84 years.Results:The estimated intake calculated using the dietary recall data was lower than that estimated from urinary excretion for the three biomarkers studied (protein 94·3 v. 100·4 g/d, K 3212 v. 3416 mg/d and Na 3489 v. 4003 mg/d). Considering 2 d of recall, the deattenuated correlation coefficients were 0·33, 0·64 and 0·26 for protein, K and Na, respectively. For protein, differences between dietary and urinary estimates varied according to BMI (β = −1·96, P = 0·017). The energy intake and 24-h urine volume were significantly associated with the difference between estimates for protein (β = 0·03, P < 0·001 and β = −0·02, P = 0·002, respectively), K (β = 0·71, P < 0·001 and β = −0·42, P = 0·040, respectively) and Na (β = 1·55, P < 0·001 and β = −0·81, P = 0·011, respectively).Conclusions:The new software eAT24 performed well in estimating protein and K intakes, but lesser so in estimating Na intake, using two non-consecutive 24-HDR.

Dietary Vitamin E Intake Was Inversely Associated with Hyperuricemia in US Adults: NHANES 2009–2014

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 354-360
Author(s):  
Lixia Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyan Shi ◽  
Jinran Yu ◽  
Peipei Zhang ◽  
Ping Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Using Data

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Current evidence on the association between dietary vitamin E intake and hyperuricemia risk is limited and conflicting. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> The aim of the study was to assess the association of dietary vitamin E intake with hyperuricemia in US adults. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2009–2014. Dietary vitamin E intake was evaluated through two 24-h dietary recall interviews. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were used to examine the association between dietary vitamin E intake and hyperuricemia. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Overall, 12,869 participants were included. The prevalence of hyperuricemia was 19.35%. After adjustment for age, gender, BMI, race, educational level, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, total daily energy intake, total cholesterol, protein intake, glomerular filtration rate, serum Cr, use of uric acid drugs, and drug abuse, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of hyperuricemia for the highest tertile of dietary vitamin E intake was 0.77 (0.63–0.96) compared with that of the lowest tertile. In men, dietary vitamin E intake and hyperuricemia were negatively correlated. In stratified analyses by age (20–39, 40–59, and ≥60 years), dietary vitamin E intake was inversely associated with hyperuricemia only among participants aged ≥60 years. Dose-response analyses showed that dietary vitamin E intake was inversely associated with hyperuricemia in a nonlinear manner. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Dietary vitamin E intake was negatively correlated with hyperuricemia in US adults, especially among males and participants aged ≥60 years.

scholarly journals Association between Types of Soda Consumption and Overall Diet Quality

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pimbucha Rusmevichientong ◽  
Sinjini Mitra ◽  
Archana J. McEligot ◽  
Emma Navajas
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Diet Soda ◽  
Recall Data ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Soda Consumption

Background and Purpose: Daily soda consumption may lead to high energy intake and poor diet quality. Although diet sodas contain no calories, they lack healthful nutrients. The study examined different types of soda consumption [regular (sugar-sweetened) sodas, diet sodas, and non-sodas] associated with overall diet quality. Methods: Cross sectional, 24-hour dietary recall data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005-2012 were utilized for the study. Majority of the participants (n = 4,427) were female (57%), adults aged 19-55 years (51%), and non-Hispanic whites (67%). Nutritional Quality Index (NQI) was calculated as an indicator of diet quality. Multiple linear regression models were used to estimate the significant association between types of soda consumption and NQI stratified by body mass index. Results: Regular soda drinkers had lower NQI than diet soda drinkers, but only for overweight (

scholarly journals Lipid indices as simple and clinically useful surrogate markers for insulin resistance in the U.S. population

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juncheol Lee ◽  
Bongyoung Kim ◽  
Wonhee Kim ◽  
Chiwon Ahn ◽  
Hyun Young Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Visceral Adiposity Index ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Resistance Risk ◽  
Tyg Index ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Cutoff Values

AbstractThis study aimed to compare the accuracy of novel lipid indices, including the visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), triglycerides and glucose (TyG) index, TyG-body mass index (TyG-BMI), and TyG-waist circumference (TyG-WC), in identifying insulin resistance and establish valid cutoff values. This cross-sectional study used the data of 11,378 adults, derived from the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2016). Insulin resistance was defined as a homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance value above the 75th percentile for each sex and race/ethnicities. The area under the curves (AUCs) were as follows: VAI, 0.735; LAP, 0.796; TyG index, 0.723; TyG-BMI, 0.823, and; TyG-WC, 0.822. The AUCs for TyG-BMI and TyG-WC were significantly higher than those for VAI, LAP, and TyG index (vs. TyG-BMI, p < 0.001; vs. TyG-WC, p < 0.001). The cutoff values were as follows: VAI: men 1.65, women 1.65; LAP: men 42.5, women 42.5; TyG index: men 4.665, women 4.575; TyG-BMI: men 135.5, women 135.5; and TyG-WC: men 461.5, women 440.5. Given that lipid indices can be easily calculated with routine laboratory tests, these values may be useful markers for insulin resistance risk assessments in clinical settings.

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