scholarly journals Prescription Antibiotic Use among the US population 1999-2018: National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly Petersen ◽  
Sara E Cosgrove ◽  
Thomas C Quinn ◽  
Eshan Patel ◽  
M Kate Grabowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
National Health ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Poverty Status

Abstract Background Antibiotic resistance has been identified as a public health threat both in the United States and globally. The United States published the “National Strategy for Combating Antibiotic Resistance” in 2014, which included goals to reduce inappropriate outpatient antibiotic use. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted using National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) years 1999-2018. Weighted prevalence of past 30-day non-topical outpatient antibiotic use was calculated, as well as the change in prevalence from 1999-02 to 2015-18 and 2007-10 to 2015-18, both overall and for subgroups. Associations with past 30-day non-topical outpatient antibiotic use in 2015-18 were examined using predictive margins calculated by multivariable logistic regression. Results The overall prevalence of past 30-day non-topical outpatient antibiotic use adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, poverty status, time of year of the interview, and insurance status from 1999-2002 to 2015-2018 changed significantly from 4.9% (95% CI 3.9%, 5.0%) to 3.0% (95% CI 2.6%, 3.0%), with the largest decrease among children 0-1 years. From 2007-2010 to 2015-2018, there was no significant change (adjusted Prevalence Ratio [adjPR] 1.0 [95% CI 0.8, 1,2. Age was significantly associated with antibiotic use, with children age 0-1 years having significantly higher antibiotic use than all other age categories >6 years. Being non-Hispanic Black was negatively associated with antibiotic use as compared to being non-Hispanic White (adjPR 0.6 [95% CI 0.4, 0.8]). Conclusions While there were declines in antibiotic use from 1999-02 to 2015-18, there were no observed declines during the last decade.

scholarly journals The Association Between Hours Spent at Work and Obesity Status: Results From NHANES 2015 to 2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-365
Author(s):  
Caitlin Doerrmann ◽  
S. Cristina Oancea ◽  
Arielle Selya
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Health ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hours Worked ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Obesity Status

Purpose: To determine whether weekly hours worked is associated with obesity among employed adults in the United States. Design: Data from the 2015 to 2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used for this study. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey is a cross-sectional study. Setting: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey is conducted annually by the National Center for Health Statistics designed to assess the health and nutritional status of citizens in the United States. Participants: The final study sample size was 2,581. Measures: The outcome was obesity status (yes/no) and the exposure was the number of hours worked per week (<40, =40, >40 h/wk). Covariates of interest included in the analyses were income, age, education level, race, leisure-time physical activity, and gender. Analysis: A weighted and adjusted logistic regression model was conducted in order to investigate the association between the number of hours worked at a job per week and obesity status. Descriptive statistics and weighted and adjusted odds ratios were produced with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: After controlling for the covariates of interest, people working 40 or 40+ hours a week had 1.403 (95% CI: 1.06-1.85) and 1.409 (95% CI: 1.03-1.93) times significantly greater odds of obesity than those who work <40 hours a week, respectively. Conclusion: Obesity is a complex and multifactorial disease with genetic and environmental interactions, including the number of hours a person works/week as a potential risk factor.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in Sleep Duration among Older Adults with Self-Reported Diagnosis of Arthritis: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2009-2012

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Constance Wiener ◽  
Alcinda K. Trickett Shockey ◽  
Christopher Waters
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
National Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
The People

Objective. Sleep is restorative, essential, and beneficial to health. Prevalences of some diseases have been associated with sleep duration. There are few studies in the literature on the relationship of sleep duration and arthritis stratified by sex in older adults. The purpose of this research is to investigate sleep duration among older adults in the United States who have self-reported diagnosis of arthritis. Methods. A cross-sectional study design was used. The data source was the National Health and Nutrition Examination 2009-2010 and 2011-2012. Self-reported diagnosis of arthritis and sleep duration were the variables of interest. Results. There were 4,888 participants, aged 50 years and above, of whom 41.6% self-reported having a diagnosis of arthritis, and 60.6% were female. Of the people who had a self-reported diagnosis of arthritis, 15.2% reported sleeping 2-5 hours as compared with 10.9% of the people who did not have a self-reported diagnosis of arthritis (P=.0004). In bivariate analysis of self-reported diagnosis of arthritis and sleep stratified by sex, there were significantly more people with self-reported diagnosis of arthritis who slept 2-5 hours for both women (P=0.0192) and men (P=0.0231). The overall relationship remained significant in adjusted overall logistic regression comparing for self-reported diagnosis of arthritis for 2-5 hours of sleep (with 6-7 hours of sleep as the reference) (odds ratio: 1.35 [95% CI: 1.08, 1.70; P=0.0103]); however, when the data were stratified by sex, the association failed to reach significance. Conclusion. In this analysis of noninstitutionalized older adults in the United States, the prevalence of a self-reported diagnosis of arthritis was associated with shorter sleep duration in the overall analyses, but the association failed to reach significance when stratified by sex.

scholarly journals Association of β-Lactam Allergy Documentation and Prophylactic Antibiotic Use in Surgery: A National Cross-Sectional Study of Hospitalized Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christie M Bertram ◽  
Michael Postelnick ◽  
Christian M Mancini ◽  
Xiaoqing Fu ◽  
Yuqing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Surgical Prophylaxis ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Alternative antibiotics for surgical prophylaxis are associated with increased adverse events and surgical site infection compared to cefazolin. In a sample of perioperative inpatients from 100 hospitals in the United States, cefazolin was 9-fold less likely to be used in patients with a documented β-lactam allergy whereas clindamycin was 45-fold more likely.

Food Insecurity and Depression among Low-Income Adults in the United States: Does Diet Diversity Play a Role? Findings from the 2013-14 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-39
Author(s):  
Marie-Rachelle Narcisse Jean-Louis ◽  
Holly C. Felix ◽  
Christopher R. Long ◽  
Emily S. English ◽  
Mary M. Bailey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
National Health ◽  
Low Income ◽  
The United States ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diet Diversity ◽  
Health And Nutrition

ABSTRACT Objective Food insecurity is associated with a greater risk of depression among low-income adults in the United States. Members of food-insecure households have lower diet diversity than their food-secure counterparts. This study examined whether diet diversity moderates the association between food insecurity and depression. Design Multiple logistic regression was conducted to examine independent associations between food insecurity and depression, between diet diversity and depression, and the moderating effect of diet diversity in the food insecurity-depression link. Setting Cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-14). Participants 2,636 low-income adults aged 18 years and older. Results There was a positive association between food insecurity and depression among low-income adults. Diet diversity was not associated with depression. Diet diversity had a moderating effect on the association between food insecurity and depression among low-income adults Conclusion Food insecurity is independently associated with depression among low-income adults in the United States. However, this association differs across levels of diet diversity. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the role diet diversity may play in the pathway between food insecurity and depression.

scholarly journals Trends in Vitamin C Consumption in the United States: 1999–2018

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 420
Author(s):  
Mary Brauchla ◽  
Mark J. Dekker ◽  
Colin D. Rehm
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Health And Nutrition

Low intakes of fruits and vegetables have resulted in suboptimal intakes of several micronutrients, including vitamin C. This cross-sectional study used data from 84,902 children/adults (≥1 y) who completed a 24-h dietary recall as part of the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2018). Mean vitamin C intakes from foods/beverages were calculated as were trends in major food/beverage sources of vitamin C. Percentages below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) were estimated. Overall, mean vitamin C consumption declined by 23% (97–75 mg/d; p-value for trend < 0.001). 100% fruit juice was the leading source of vitamin C (25.6% of total or 21.7mg/d), but this declined by 48% (25–13 mg/d; p-value for trend < 0.001). Whole fruit increased among children/adolescents (+75.8%;10–17 mg/d; p-value for trend < 0.001), but not adults, while the vegetable contribution was generally unchanged. The proportion of the population below the EAR increased by 23.8% on a relative scale or 9 percentage points on an absolute scale (38.3–47.4%). Declines in vitamin C intake is driven largely by decreases in fruit juice coupled with modest increases in whole fruit. Due to associations between vitamin C intake and numerous health outcomes these trends warrant careful monitoring moving forward.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis among female adults in the United States: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly R Petersen ◽  
Eshan U Patel ◽  
M Kate Grabowski ◽  
Charlotte A Gaydos ◽  
Thomas C Quinn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
National Health ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Sexual Debut ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Nutrition

Abstract Background Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common nationally notifiable sexually transmitted infectious disease in the United States; however, the seroprevalence of C. trachomatis infection is unknown. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among 1725 females aged 18-39 years who provided serum and urine samples in the 2013-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). Presence of anti-C. trachomatis Pgp3 IgG was determined using both an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and multiplex bead array (MBA). Weighted seroprevalence estimates were calculated. Correlates of seroprevalence were examined by multivariable Poisson regression. Results In 2013-2016, overall seroprevalence of C. trachomatis Pgp3 IgG was 30.0%(95%CI=25.5%-35.0%) as measured by ELISA and 29.4%(95%CI=25.8%-33.0%) as measured by the MBA assay. Overall agreement between tests was 87.1%(1503/1725). There was a high positive agreement by the MBA assay with current detection of chlamydia in urine (86%[36/42]), a past-year diagnosis of chlamydia (82%[27/33]), and a history of treatment for pelvic inflammatory disease (61%[37/61]). Seroprevalence of C. trachomatis Pgp3 IgG, as measured by MBA, was significantly higher among non-Hispanic Blacks (68.0%; aPR=2.7[95%CI=2.3-3.3]), Mexican Americans (30.9%; aPR=1.5[95% CI=1.2-1.9]), and other Hispanics (35.0%; aPR=1.9[95%CI=1.4-2.5]) as compared to non-Hispanic Whites (21.4%). Seroprevalence was also associated with a higher lifetime number of sexual partners and a younger age at sexual debut. Conclusion Both the ELISA and MBA serologic assays revealed a high prevalence of antibodies to C. trachomatis Pgp3 in young adult females in the U.S. household population. There were major racial/ethnic disparities in exposure to C. trachomatis, with increased vulnerability among non-Hispanic Blacks.

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