scholarly journals The Formation of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Bacterial Communities During Garlic Powder Processing

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanxia Liu ◽  
Peng Gao ◽  
Yuhao Wu ◽  
Xiaorui Wang ◽  
Xiaoming Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Powder Processing ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Garlic Powder ◽  
The World ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Occurrence Patterns ◽  
And Control

Chinese garlic powder (GP) is exported to all countries in the world, but the excess of microorganisms is a serious problem that affects export. The number of microorganisms has a serious impact on the pricing of GP. It is very important to detect and control the microorganism in GP. The purpose of this study was to investigate the contamination and drug resistance of microorganisms during the processing of GP. We used metagenomics and Illumina sequencing to study the composition and dynamic distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), but also the microbial community in three kinds of garlic products from factory processing. The results showed that a total of 126 ARG genes were detected in all the samples, which belonged to 11 ARG species. With the processing of GP, the expression of ARGs showed a trend to increase at first and then to decrease. Network analysis was used to study the co-occurrence patterns among ARG subtypes and bacterial communities and ARGs.

Contamination of hay and haylage with enteric bacteria and selected antibiotic resistance genes following fertilization with dairy manure or biosolids.

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Scott ◽  
Roger Murray ◽  
Yuan-Ching Tien ◽  
Edward Topp
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Route Of Exposure ◽  
And Control

The present study evaluated if enteric bacteria or antibiotic resistance genes carried in fecal amendments contaminate the hay at harvest, representing a potential route of exposure to ruminants that consume the hay. In field experiments, dairy manure was applied to a hay field for three successive growing seasons, and biosolids applied to a hay field for one growing season. Various enteric bacteria in the amendments were enumerated by viable plate count, and selected gene targets were quantified by qPCR. Key findings include the following: At harvest, hay receiving dairy manure or biosolids did not carry more viable enteric bacteria than did hay from unamended control plots. Fermentation of hay did not result in a detectable increase in viable enteric bacteria. The application of dairy manure or biosolids did result in a few gene targets being more abundant on hay at the first harvest. Fermentation of hay did result in an increase in the abundance of gene targets, but this occurred both with hay from amended and control plots. Overall, application of fecal amendments will result in an increase in the abundance of some gene targets associated with antibiotic resistance on first cut hay.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Phage Particles from Antarctic and Mediterranean Seawater Ecosystems

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1293
Author(s):  
Pedro Blanco-Picazo ◽  
Gabriel Roscales ◽  
Daniel Toribio-Avedillo ◽  
Clara Gómez-Gómez ◽  
Conxita Avila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Mediterranean Coast ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Antarctic

Anthropogenic activities are a key factor in the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, a growing problem worldwide. Nevertheless, antibiotics and resistances were being generated by bacterial communities long before their discovery by humankind, and might occur in areas without human influence. Bacteriophages are known to play a relevant role in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in aquatic environments. In this study, five ARGs (blaTEM, blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-9, sul1 and tetW) were monitored in phage particles isolated from seawater of two different locations: (i) the Mediterranean coast, subjected to high anthropogenic pressure, and (ii) the Antarctic coast, where the anthropogenic impact is low. Although found in lower quantities, ARG-containing phage particles were more prevalent among the Antarctic than the Mediterranean seawater samples and Antarctic bacterial communities were confirmed as their source. In the Mediterranean area, ARG-containing phages from anthropogenic fecal pollution might allow ARG transmission through the food chain. ARGs were detected in phage particles isolated from fish (Mediterranean, Atlantic, farmed, and frozen), the most abundant being β-lactamases. Some of these particles were infectious in cultures of the fecal bacteria Escherichia coli. By serving as ARG reservoirs in marine environments, including those with low human activity, such as the Antarctic, phages could contribute to ARG transmission between bacterial communities.

scholarly journals Shotgun metagenomics reveals differences in antibiotic resistance genes among bacterial communities in Western Balkans glacial lakes sediments

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-397
Author(s):  
Brankica Filipic ◽  
Katarina Novovic ◽  
David J. Studholme ◽  
Milka Malesevic ◽  
Nemanja Mirkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Efflux Pumps ◽  
Mobile Genetic Elements ◽  
Glacial Lakes ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomics

Abstract Long-term overuse of antibiotics has driven the propagation and spreading of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) such as efflux pumps in the environment, which can be transferred to clinically relevant pathogens. This study explored the abundance and diversity of ARGs and mobile genetic elements within bacterial communities from sediments of three Western Balkans glacial lakes: Plav Lake (high impact of human population), Black Lake (medium impact of human population) and Donje Bare Lake (remote lake, minimal impact of human population) via shotgun metagenomics. Assembled metagenomic sequences revealed that Resistance-Nodulation-Division (RND) efflux pumps genes were most abundant in metagenome from the Plav Lake. The Integron Finder bioinformatics tool detected 38 clusters of attC sites lacking integron-integrases (CALIN) elements: 20 from Plav Lake, four from Black Lake and 14 from Donje Bare Lake. A complete integron sequence was recovered only from the assembled metagenome from Plav Lake. Plasmid contents within the metagenomes were similar, with proportions of contigs being plasmid-related: 1.73% for Plav Lake, 1.59% for Black Lake and 1.64% for Donje Bare Lake. The investigation showed that RNDs and mobile genetic elements content correlated with human population impact.

scholarly journals High-throughput profiling of antibiotic resistance genes in wastewater: comparison between a pond system in Namibia and an activated sludge treatment in Germany

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 867-878
Author(s):  
Shelesh Agrawal ◽  
Laura Orschler ◽  
Jochen Sinn ◽  
Susanne Lackner
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Pond System ◽  
Occurrence Patterns ◽  
Influent Wastewater

Abstract There are increasing concerns about wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) acting as hotspots for antibiotic resistance genes (ARG). However, their role largely depends upon the treatment methods and antibiotics in the wastewater. To better understand these influences, we compared the occurrence and fate of ARG between a pond system in a developing country (Namibia) and an advanced WWTP (activated sludge system) in a developed country (Germany). A targeted metagenomic approach was used to investigate the wide-spectrum profiles of ARGs and their co-occurrence patterns at both locations. In total, 93 ARG subtypes were found in the German influent wastewater, 277 in the Namibian influent wastewater. The abundant ARG types found in Namibia and Germany differed, especially for multidrug resistance genes. The differences in occurrence and reduction can help to understand the performance of simple WWTP such as pond systems common in Namibia, where direct contact with wastewater is a potential risk for contamination.

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