scholarly journals Effect of Endogenous Lipids and Proteins on the Antioxidant, in vitro Starch Digestibility, and Pasting Properties of Sorghum Flour

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Anyachukwu Irondi ◽  
Adekemi Esther Adewuyi ◽  
Tolulope Muktar Aroyehun

This study evaluated the effect of endogenous lipids and proteins on the antioxidants, starch digestibility, and pasting properties of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) flour (SF). Endogenous lipids and/or proteins were removed from different portions of SF to obtain defatted (DF), deproteinized (DP), and defatted and deproteinized (DF-DP) flours. Bioactive constituents (total phenolics, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, and anthocyanins), antioxidant activities [2,2-Azinobis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation (ABTS*+) and 2, 2-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH*) scavenging activities, reducing power, and Fe2+ chelating capacity], starch, amylose, starch hydrolysis index (HI), estimated glycemic index (eGI), and pasting properties of treated and control (untreated) flours were determined. The control flour (SF) had significantly higher (p < 0.05) levels of all the bioactive constituents and antioxidant activity tested than the DF, DP, and DF-DP flours, while the DF-DP flour had the least levels of bioactive constituents and antioxidant activity. In contrast, the starch, amylose, HI, and eGI were consistently in the order of DF-DP > DF > DP > control flour (p < 0.05). The control flour had the highest (p < 0.05) peak viscosity, and the least peak time and pasting temperature, while the DF flour had the highest final viscosity. Therefore, endogenous lipids and proteins contribute to the antioxidant, starch digestibility, and pasting properties of sorghum flour.

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
Kanthlal S. K. ◽  
Jipnomon Joseph ◽  
Bindhu P. Paul ◽  
Vijayakumar M ◽  
Rema Shree A. B. ◽  
...  

Amomum subulatum, commonly known as large or black cardamom, is a commonly used spice in Indian kitchens and is traditionally used to treat various ailments. To add more knowledge about the medicinal values of the fruit, this study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activities of aqueous, methanol, ethanol, hydro alcohol, ethyl acetate, acetone and chloroform extracts of the fruit. Preliminary assessment was done to detect the presence of phytoconstituents using identification tests. The antioxidant activity was measured by employing methods such as diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, total antioxidant activity equivalent to ascorbic acid, reducing power assay and superoxide anion scavenging assay. The antioxidant activities were compared with their respective phenol and flavonoid contents. Preliminary assessment revealed that large cardamom fruit is a good source of all the bioactive constituents as well as phenol and flavonoid essential for medicinal values. The extract obtained by polar solvents showed the highest antioxidant efficacy in relation to its phenol content. Also, all the solvent-soluble fractions showed a concentration-dependent antioxidant effect. Results from our study prove that large cardamom can alleviate oxidative stress, suggesting the potential of large cardamom as a functional food


2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence Nguema Ongone ◽  
Redouane Achour ◽  
Mostafa El Ghoul ◽  
Latyfa El Ouasif ◽  
Meryem El Jemli ◽  
...  

The aim of this work is to deepen the pharmacological effect of 4-phenyl-1,5-benzodiazepin-2-one derivatives which have a similar structure to nonionic surfactants: 4-phenyl-1,5-benzodiazepin-2-one is the hydrophilic head, and the carbon chain is hydrophobic tail. The antinociceptive activity of 4-phenyl-1,5-benzodiazepin-2-one derivatives was determined using acetic acid-induced writhing and tail immersion tests. In addition, the in vitro antioxidant activities of the tested derivatives were determined by using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method and ferric reducing power assay. A single oral administration of these compounds at the doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg significantly reduced the number of abdominal writhes induced by acetic acid injection. Acute pretreatment with 4-phenyl-1,5-benzodiazepin-2-one derivatives at the dose of 100 mg/kg caused a significant increase in the tail withdrawal latency in the tail immersion test. Additionally, a significant scavenging activity in DPPH and reducing power was observed in testing antioxidant assays. Finally, we carried out a study of the antioxidant activity of these derivatives. The results of this study reveal that these compounds have a low antioxidant activity compared to the BHT. It decreases with the polarity of the molecule. The present study suggests that 4-phenyl-1,5-benzodiazepin-2-one derivatives possess potent antinociceptive and antioxidant effects, which suggest that the tested compounds may be useful in the treatment of pain and oxidation disorders.


2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 197-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hari Datta Bhattarai ◽  
Babita Paudel ◽  
Hong Kum Lee ◽  
Hyuncheol Oh ◽  
Joung Han Yim

Antioxidant agents against reactive oxygen species can be used for several cosmetic and medicinal applications. This study’s objective was to evaluate the antioxidant activities of Polytrichastrum alpinum (Hedw.) G. L. Sm. (Polytrichaceae), an Antarctic moss species collected from King George Island (Antarctica). The identifi cation of the moss species was performed on the basis of morphological characteristics and molecular sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene. Two benzonaphthoxanthenones: ohioensins F and G, were isolated from the extract after several chromatographic procedures. The various in vitro antioxidant capacities of a methanolic extract of P. alpinum and the isolated compounds were evaluated by analyzing the scavenging capacities of free radicals of 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline- 6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), the total phenol assay with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, the ferric ion (Fe3+) reducing power and the nitric oxide (NO) scavenging activity and compared to those of commercial standards for each assay. The experimental data showed that even the crude extract of P. alpinum exhibited potent antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity was increased two- to seven-fold for the purified compounds. The antioxidant activities of both purified compounds were found to be more or less the same in all experiments. However, the obtained data showed that the Fe3+ reducing power of the purified compounds and crude methanolic extract was almost the same suggesting the presence of other stronger reducing agents in the methanolic extract which could not be isolated in the present experiment. Therefore, further work on the isolation of these stronger antioxidant agents from this moss specimen of the extreme environment is warranted. Developments of laboratory mass culture techniques are anticipated to achieve bulk production of the active constituents for commercial application.


2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 699-709
Author(s):  
Vinothkanna Annadurai ◽  
Sekar Soundarapandian

Ayurveda contains a variety of medicines including the polyherbal fermented traditional medicines namely Arishta and Asava. It remains as a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals including antioxidants. There are scanty publications on the antioxidant activity of these medicines. There is a need to explore the natural antioxidants to replace synthetic counterparts which requires an assessment in terms of antioxidant activity by in vitro analysis. This study employs a range of antioxidant assay systems containing various free radicals (DPPH, hydroxyl, hydrogen peroxide, super oxide, nitric oxide and ABTS), Inhibition of free radical generation (metal chelating) and H+ – donating ability (reducing power) were performed. Ashokarishta, Aswagandharishta and Dasamoolarishta exhibited higher degree of antioxidant activities but less than the corresponding standards. Based on IC50 values, the hydrogen peroxide scavenging ability of Ashokarishta is comparable to the standard L-ascorbic acid. In ABTS assay, Aswagandharishta and Dasamoolarishta are comparable to the standard Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). These may be due to the phytochemical heterogeneity of the samples assayed. Thus study can lead to the sourcing of Ayuvedic polyherbal fermented medicines as a novel source of natural antioxidant molecules that might be acting as free radical quencher or scavenger and to treat human ailments.


2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xican Li ◽  
Xiaozhen Wang ◽  
Dongfeng Chen ◽  
Shuzhi Chen

Background: Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a natural phenolic acid widely distributed in plants and is considered as an active component of some traditional Chinese herbal medicines such as Cibotium barometz (L.) J.Sm, Stenoloma chusanum (L.) Ching, Ilex chinensis Sims. PCA was reported to possess various pharmacological effects which may be closely correlated with its antioxidant activities. However, the antioxidant of PCA has not been investigated systematically yet. Methods: In the study, the antioxidant activities of protocatechuic acid were measured in vitro using various antioxidant assays including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH•), 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS+•), superoxide anion radicals (•O2-) and hydroxyl radical (•OH) scavenging activity, ferric ions (Fe3+) and cupric ions (Cu2+) reducing power, ferrous ions (Fe2+) and cupric ions (Cu2+) chelating activity, compared with the positive controls Trolox or BHT.Results: In all assays, PCA along with positive controls exhibited dose-dependently antioxidant ability. Comparing to a standard antioxidant Trolox, the relative antioxidant activity of PCA (i.e. the ratio of IC50(Trolox)/IC50(PCA) ) was calculated as 2.8, 2.3, 3.7, 6.1, 4.2, 1.0, 2.7, 1.5, respectively, for DPPH, ABTS, reducing power (Fe3+), reducing power (Cu2+), superoxide anion radical-scavenging, hydroxyl radical-scavenging, chelating ability (Fe2+) and chelating ability (Cu2+). Conclusion: Comparing to Trolox, PCA shows much more effective antioxidant activity in vitro in both lipid and aqueous media. Hence, it could therefore be used in pharmacological or food industry as a natural antioxidant. It may exhibit antioxidant activity by both chelating metal transition ions as well as by scavenging free radicals via donating hydrogen atom (H•) or electron (e).Keywords: Protocatechuic acid, antioxidant, reducing power, free radical-scavenging, chelating ability.


Author(s):  
Packia M. ◽  
Daffodil D. ◽  
Tresina S. ◽  
Mohan R.

The total phenolics, flavonoids and in vitro antioxidant activity of petroleum ether, benzene, ethyl acetate, methanol and ethanol extracts of stem of Drypetes sepiaria were determined using various antioxidant model systems viz, DPPH, hydroxyl, superoxide, ABTS and reducing power. Total phenolic content was estimated by Folin-Ciocalteau method. Flavonoids were determined by Aluminium chloride method. The total phenolics and flavonoids contents were found to be 0.81 g 100 g-1 and 1.12g 100 g-1 respectively in the methanol extract. Among the solvent tested, methanol and ethanol extracts of D. sepiaria stem showed potent in vitro antioxidant activities. This investigation explored that D. sepiaria stem is a potential source of natural antioxidant.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beibei Zhao ◽  
Jiawen Deng ◽  
Hua Li ◽  
Yaqiang He ◽  
Tao Lan ◽  
...  

Rich in phenolic compounds, Moringa oleifera leaf extract (ME) exhibits significant antioxidant activity both in vitro and in vivo. ME has already been widely used in fields of medicine, functional food, and cosmetics. Ultrasonic extraction (UE) method has been improved to be one of the most effective ways to extract phenols from M. oleifera leaves. The purpose of this study was to optimize ultrasonic extraction of phenols by response surface methodology (RSM). Four parameters were discussed, such as ethanol concentration, solvent-sample ratio, extraction temperature, and extraction time. Also, purification methods of the crude ME by organic solvent extraction and column chromatography were examined. Antioxidant activities of ME and each fraction were evaluated by DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxy radical-scavenging activities and reducing power. The phenol content of the purified ME reached up to 962.6 mg RE/g, extremely higher than the crude extract 107.22 ± 1.93 mg RE/g. The antioxidant activity of the purified ME was also significantly improved. Furthermore, phenols were identified by using the HPLC-MS method, and the results showed that there were 6 phenolic acids and derivatives and 7 flavonoids in ME. Quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside isolated from ME showed excellent DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging abilities, which were comparable to VC.


2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Usunomena Usunobun ◽  
Igwe V. Chinwe

Background: The aim of this study is to determine phytochemicals and mineral composition as well as in vitro antioxidant activities of Solanum macrocarpon leaves.Methods: Qualitative phytochemical screening was carried out using standard procedures while Mineral analysis was carried out using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Solanum macrocarpon leaves were also subjected for measurement of reducing power and antioxidant/radical scavenging activity (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity).Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids etc. Mineral analysis showed calcium (256.60mg/100g) to be higher in concentration and copper (0.62mg/100g) least in concentration while manganese was absent. Other minerals includes magnesium (81.69mg/100g), potassium (87.22mg/100g), sodium (32.51mg/100g), iron (31.41mg/100g), zinc (1.41mg/100g). Solanum macrocarpon leaves showed maximum antioxidant activity (DPPH free radical scavenging and reducing power capacity) as the higher the concentration, the higher the antioxidant activity, thus the better the free radical scavenging potentials.Conclusion: The data from this study revealed that Solanum macrocarpon has a rich content of phytochemicals, namely, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids as well as minerals, bioactive components that are associated with health impacts. This study also revealed that Solanum macrocarpon leaves exhibit antioxidant activity. These findings thus suggest that Solanum macrocarpon leaves could act as potent source of antioxidants.


Author(s):  
JENSON JACOB ◽  
MEENU JOHN

Objective: The aim of this study was focussed on phytochemical analysis, in vitro antioxidant activities of different solvent extracts of Hypoestes phyllostachya leaf. Methods: The leaves were washed efficiently, shade dried and coarsely powdered. The powdered leaf material of Hypoestes phyllostachya was successively extracted with hexane, chloroform, methanol and water using Soxhlet apparatus. Preliminary phytochemical screenings for polyphenolics, proteins, phytosteroids, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, alkaloids carbohydrates, polyphenolics, saponins were done by following standard procedure. In vitro antioxidant activities of various solvent extracts were assessed using DPPH, ABTS, Hydroxy radical, total antioxidant capacity and reducing power assay. Polyphenolics and flavonoids were also estimated. Results: The results showed that most of the phytochemical compounds such as carbohydrates, proteins, steroids, fixed oils and fatty acids, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, polyphenolics and glycosides present in the methanolic and aqueous extract of Hypoestes phyllostachya. The in vitro antioxidant activity of Hypoestes phyllostachya leaf clearly showed that it has better antioxidant activity, which was confirmed by different assays. Conclusion: From this work, it can be concluded that Hypoestes phyllostachya has the potential to be a good antioxidant but have only a lesser amount of flavonoids and polyphenolic contents. This was the first report on the pharmacological activity of the Hypoestes phyllostachya.


2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (05) ◽  
pp. 687-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Jiuan Wu ◽  
Lisu Wang ◽  
Ching-Yi Weng ◽  
Jui-Hung Yen

In this study, hydrogen peroxide ( H 2 O 2)-mediated Caco-2 cytotoxicity was employed to investigate the potential antioxidant activity of the methanol extract from the lotus leaf (Nelumbo nucifera Gertn.). A dose-dependent protective effect against reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced cytotoxicity was observed when Caco-2 cells were treated with 10 mM H 2 O 2 in combination with the methanol extract of the lotus leaf (0.1–0.3 mg/ml). However, no significant effect was found when co-treating Caco-2 cells with 10 mM H 2 O 2 and α-tocopherol. In vitro assay revealed that the extract exhibited scavenging activities on free radicals and hydroxyl radicals, and metal binding ability as well as reducing power, which may explain in part the mechanism behind the extract's ability to protect cells from oxidative damage. In addition, the extract also exhibited concentration-dependent antioxidant activities against hemoglobin-induced linoleic acid peroxidation and Fenton reaction-mediated plasmid DNA oxidation.


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