scholarly journals The Dual Role of Macropinocytosis in Cancers: Promoting Growth and Inducing Methuosis to Participate in Anticancer Therapies as Targets

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaojuan Song ◽  
Yanan Zhang ◽  
Tingting Ding ◽  
Ning Ji ◽  
Hang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Dual Effect ◽  
General Process ◽  
Anticancer Drug Delivery ◽  
Ras Genes ◽  
Extracellular Materials ◽  
The One ◽  
Specific Manifestation ◽  
Immense Potential

Macropinocytosis is an important mechanism of internalizing extracellular materials and dissolved molecules in eukaryotic cells. Macropinocytosis has a dual effect on cancer cells. On the one hand, cells expressing RAS genes (such as K-RAS, H-RAS) under the stress of nutrient deficiency can spontaneously produce constitutive macropinocytosis to promote the growth of cancer cells by internalization of extracellular nutrients (like proteins), receptors, and extracellular vesicles(EVs). On the other hand, abnormal expression of RAS genes and drug treatment (such as MOMIPP) can induce a novel cell death associated with hyperactivated macropinocytosis: methuosis. Based on the dual effect, there is immense potential for designing anticancer therapies that target macropinocytosis in cancer cells. In view of the fact that there has been little review of the dual effect of macropinocytosis in cancer cells, herein, we systematically review the general process of macropinocytosis, its specific manifestation in cancer cells, and its application in cancer treatment, including anticancer drug delivery and destruction of macropinocytosis. This review aims to serve as a reference for studying macropinocytosis in cancers and designing macropinocytosis-targeting anticancer drugs in the future.

scholarly journals Doxorubicin loaded magnetism nanoparticles based on cyclodextrin dendritic-graphene oxide inhibited MCF-7 cell proliferation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Ainaz Mihanfar ◽  
Niloufar Targhazeh ◽  
Shirin Sadighparvar ◽  
Saber Ghazizadeh Darband ◽  
Maryam Majidinia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Anticancer Drug Delivery ◽  
Release Studies ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
Mcf 7

Abstract Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective chemotherapeutic agent used for the treatment of various types of cancer. However, its poor solubility, undesirable side effects, and short half-life have remained a challenge. We used a formulation based on graphene oxide as an anticancer drug delivery system for DOX in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, to address these issues. In vitro release studies confirmed that the synthesized formulation has an improved release profile in acidic conditions (similar to the tumor microenvironment). Further in vitro studies, including MTT, uptake, and apoptosis assays were performed. The toxic effects of the nanocarrier on the kidney, heart and liver of healthy rats were also evaluated. We observed that the DOX-loaded carrier improved the cytotoxic effect of DOX on the breast cell line compared to free DOX. In summary, our results introduce the DOX-loaded carrier as a potential platform for in vitro targeting of cancer cells and suggest further studies are necessary to investigate its in vivo anti-cancer potential.

Positive Technology for Helping People Cope with Stress

2021 ◽  
pp. 787-814
Author(s):  
Daniela Villani ◽  
Pietro Cipresso ◽  
Andrea Gaggioli ◽  
Giuseppe Riva
Keyword(s):  
Personal Growth ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
General Process ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Potential Capacity ◽  
The One

The emerging convergence of new technologies and health care is offering a new approach to support effective interventions. This chapter aims to describe how Positive Technology can help people cope with stress in several contexts. On the one hand, the potential capacity of sensor technologies to offer individuals the technology with which to monitor certain biological signals known to be associated with stress might serve to promote engagement with a mediated experience for stress management. On the other hand, the chapter focuses on the hedonic and eudaimonic experiences supported by technology in terms of inducing positive affective states and supporting personal growth by teaching strategies to reduce stress and enhance well-being. To further connect mediated experiences with real ones, the Interreality approach (IR) allows for the combination of assessment and intervention as inseparable parts of the general process of coping with stress.

The Rise of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Potential for Violent Escalation

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-78
Author(s):  
Ioana Emy Matesan
Keyword(s):  
Muslim Brotherhood ◽  
Early History ◽  
The Other ◽  
Religious Movement ◽  
Dual Effect ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Muslim Brotherhood ◽  
The One ◽  
Gamal Abdel Nasser

This chapter revisits the early history of the Muslim Brotherhood to understand why an organization that started out as a nonviolent religious movement came to be associated with violence. Many blame this on the harsh repression under President Gamal Abdel Nasser. However, the analysis shows that the drift toward violence started much earlier. Reconstructing the sequence of events between 1936 and 1948, the chapter reveals that what initially politicized the Brotherhood was the presence of British troops in Egypt and Palestine. The formation of an armed wing led to competition over authority within the group, which incentivized violent escalation. The chapter then focuses on the period between 1954 and 1970 and shows that repression had a dual effect. On the one hand, it inspired new jihadi interpretations, which were particularly appealing to younger members. On the other hand, the prisons were also the backdrop against which the Brotherhood became convinced that violence was futile.

Now you see it, now you don’t: Design dependent sound symbolism effect in categorization studies

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanja Kovic ◽  
Jovana Pejovic
Keyword(s):  
Mental Image ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Sound Symbolism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Visual Features ◽  
General Process ◽  
Visual Objects ◽  
The One ◽  
Label Object ◽  
Is Design

A number of studies have demonstrated sound-symbolism effects in adults and in children. Moreover, recently, ERP studies have shown that the sensitivity to sound-symbolic label–object associations occurs within 200 ms of object presentation (Kovic et al., 2010). It was argued that this effect may reflect a more general process of auditory–visual feature integration where properties of auditory stimuli facilitate a mapping to specific visual features. Here we demonstrate that the sound-symbolism effect is design dependent, namely — it occurs only when mapping from auditory to visual stimuli and not vice verse. Two groups of participants were recruited for solving the categorization task. They were presented them with 12 visual stimuli, half of which were rounded and another half of angular shapes. One group was trained to classify the rounded objects as ‘takete’ and the rounded ones as ‘maluma’, whereas the other group mapped ‘takete’ to rounded and ‘maluma’ to angular shapes. Moreover, half of these two groups heard the label before seeing the objects, whereas the other half was given the label after perceiving the object. The results revealed the sound-symbolism effect only in the group which was trained on the auditory–visual objects mapping and not in the one trained on the visual–auditory mappings. Thus, despite the previous findings we demonstrate that the sound-symbolism effect is not significant per se, but design-dependent and we argue that the sound brings up a mental image that is more constrained than the sounds brought up by a picture.

Communities of practice, impression management, and great power status: Military observers in the Russo-Japanese War

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-293
Author(s):  
Kiran Banerjee ◽  
Joseph MacKay
Keyword(s):  
Communities Of Practice ◽  
Impression Management ◽  
Great Power ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Dual Effect ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
Institutional Legitimacy ◽  
The One ◽  
The Military ◽  
Modern War

AbstractMilitary attachés and wartime observers have received surprisingly little attention in international relations. Why do states exchange attachés, permitting uniformed foreigners to gather intelligence on their territory and during their wars? To explain, we adopt a broadly practice-theoretic approach, focusing on the individuals who developed the role by living it, showing how they both innovated a distinct military practice and established institutional legitimacy for attachés. We address an early historical case in which the practice proliferated: the Russo-Japanese War, throughout which observers represented multiple European states, on both sides of the conflict. Sometimes termed the first modern war, the conflict saw Japan's entry into the Eurocentric great power system. In this context, embedded attachés had a dual effect. On the one hand, a professional attaché community established itself: we show how local innovation by embedded officers, in the context of this structurally destabilising event, permitted the creation of a new institutional role that might otherwise have been impossible. On the other, the Japanese made use of the attachés as witnesses for Western governments, observing their performance of great power-hood, as they defeated Russia. The argument has implications for understanding both the military attaché system and communities of practice as such.

scholarly journals AN ARTICLE REVIEW ON TUMOR-SPECIFIC AUTOMATED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 1056-1057
Author(s):  
M. Lavanya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Anticancer Drug ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Anticancer Drug Delivery

In this article, targeted and controlled anticancer drug delivery and release with magneto-electric nanoparticles, published in 2016, rodzinski et al., explain how magneto-electric nanoparticles abbreviated as (mens) can be used to monitor the delivery of drugs and their release into cancer cells. They go further to explain how they use this automated drug delivery system to eradicate cancerous tumor cells.

RERG involvement in the RAS pathway and ER-dependent transcription in breast cancer.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e14638-e14638
Author(s):  
Pei-Chen Hsu ◽  
Jar-Yi Ho ◽  
Cheng-Ping Yu
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Small Gtpases ◽  
Breast Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Ras Pathway ◽  
Ras Genes ◽  
Stat3 Signaling ◽  
Luminal Type

e14638 Background: Breast cancer is the highest incidence malignancies in women worldwide. Luminal breast cancers are typically estrogen receptor–positive with better prognosis. However, the rapid disease progression and the high relapse rate of this subtype of breast cancer have become a puzzle in breast cancer treatment. It gave us the motivation to figure out the anomalous molecular mechanism which devoted in. It has been well-documented that the RAS pathway is overloadly activated in more than half of human breast tumors. RAS genes encode a superfamily of small GTPases that contribute to cell growth signals. Methods: Gene expression level were measured by qPCR and Western Blot.Biological effects of each condition were evaluated in cell viability and migration. Results: In this study, we investigated one member of the RAS family, RERG, which was related to the ER pathway and contributed to inhibit Ras activated pathway. Our results showed that knockdown of RERG concomitantly promoted two major oncogenic pathways, Ras and Stat3 signaling pathways, in luminal type breast cancer cell lines. Moreover, ectopic RERG expression significantly inhibited Ras expression. It implicated that RERG mediated in RAS-driven biological effects. Our findings indicated that knockdown of RERG enhanced mobility of the breast cancer cells and made cells more intractable under SERM treatment. Conclusions: We elucidated the tumor-suppressor role of RERG in breast cancer cells though inhibition of the Ras and Stat3 signaling pathways. Therefore, this study might shed light on the important mechanistic insight into the tumorigenesis of ER-positive luminal type cancer and provided the prognostic and therapeutic improved roles of RERG.

scholarly journals Discovery of Targeting Ligands for Breast Cancer Cells Using the One-Bead One-Compound Combinatorial Method

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nianhuan Yao ◽  
Wenwu Xiao ◽  
Xiaobing Wang ◽  
Jan Marik ◽  
See Hyoung Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Combinatorial Method ◽  
The One

Nomegestrol acetate is an anti-aromatase agent in human MCF-7aro breast cancer cells

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gérard S. Chetrite ◽  
Jorge R. Pasqualini
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Aromatase Activity ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Dual Effect ◽  
Nomegestrol Acetate ◽  
Sulfatase Activity

Abstract: The progestogen nomegestrol acetate (NOMAC), a 17α-hydroxy-nor-progesterone derivative (LUTENYL: Cells were incubated with physiological concentrations of androgen substrates [: Aromatase activity levels are high in MCF-7aro cells because the [: The MCF-7aro cell line shows high aromatase activity and NOMAC can act as an anti-aromatase agent by inhibiting this activity. This is an important new effect of this progestogen. Because NOMAC can also inhibit sulfatase activity in breast cancer cells, we suggest that this dual effect of NOMAC has attractive possibilities for clinical trials.

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