scholarly journals Primary Cilia–Related Pathways Moderate the Development and Therapy Resistance of Glioblastoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minghao Li ◽  
Jiaxun Zhang ◽  
Haonan Zhou ◽  
Rong Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Primary Cilia ◽  
Therapy Resistance ◽  
Central Nervous System Tumors ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Nervous System Tumors ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
G2 Phase ◽  
Abnormal Cilia

As microtubule-based structures, primary cilia are typically present on the cells during the G0 or G1-S/G2 phase of the cell cycle and are closely related to the development of the central nervous system. The presence or absence of this special organelle may regulate the central nervous system tumorigenesis (e.g., glioblastoma) and several degenerative diseases. Additionally, the development of primary cilia can be regulated by several pathways. Conversely, primary cilia are able to regulate a few signaling transduction pathways. Therefore, development of the central nervous system tumors in conjunction with abnormal cilia can be regulated by up- or downregulation of the pathways related to cilia and ciliogenesis. Here, we review some pathways related to ciliogenesis and tumorigenesis, aiming to provide a potential target for developing new therapies at genetic and molecular levels.

scholarly journals Epidemiologic Study of Central Nervous System Tumors in Rwanda

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
David Hakizimana ◽  
Agabe Emmy Nkusi ◽  
David Hakizimana ◽  
Eric Shingiro ◽  
Paulin Munyemana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
Cns Tumors ◽  
Central Nervous System Tumors ◽  
Secondary Neoplasms ◽  
Nervous System Tumors ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Introduction: Tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) are primary or secondary neoplasms located within the craniovertebral cavity. The incidence of CNS tumors is not uniform with variation between different countries, age groups and races. Objective: Our study aim was to generate new knowledge of the epidemiology of central nervous system tumors in Rwanda. Method: This was an observational retrospective study of all patients diagnosed with CNS tumors in Rwanda over a period of 10 years, from 1st January 2006 to 31st December 2015. Results: 466 patients enrolled, (52.2% females, 47.8% males). The median age at diagnosis of was 37 years. Brain tumors were 82.7%; spine tumor patients were 16.4%. The average annual age-standardized incidence of CNS tumors was 0.43/100, 0000 person-years and varied with age groups. Tumors of meningothelial cells represented the majority of brain tumors (31.8%). Metastatic tumors were the far most common spine tumors category. 55.8 % of CNS tumors reported in our study were histologically confirmed and of nonmalignant meningiomas were the commonest (33.9%). Conclusion: This is the very first study done on epidemiology of CNS tumors in Rwanda, and generated data about incidence of CNS tumors in Rwanda and their location and histological distribution.

Low-grade central nervous system tumors

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Beatriz S. Lopes ◽  
Edward R. Laws
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Central Nervous System Tumors ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Pathological Features ◽  
Nervous System Tumors ◽  
Pathological Classification ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Low-grade tumors of the central nervous system constitute 15 to 35% of primary brain tumors. Although this category of tumors encompasses a number of different well-characterized entities, low-grade tumors constitute every tumor not obviously malignant at initial diagnosis. In this brief review, the authors discuss the pathological classification, diagnostic procedures, treatment, and possible pathogenic mechanisms of these tumors. Emphasis is given in the neu-roradiological and pathological features of the several entities.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetic Principles and Their Application to Central Nervous System Tumors

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 948
Author(s):  
Joelle P. Straehla ◽  
Katherine E. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Active Drug ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Central Nervous System Tumors ◽  
Nervous System Tumors ◽  
Therapeutic Development ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Plasma Pharmacokinetics

Despite increasing knowledge of the biologic drivers of central nervous system tumors, most targeted agents trialed to date have not shown activity against these tumors in clinical trials. To effectively treat central nervous system tumors, an active drug must achieve and maintain an effective exposure at the tumor site for a long enough period of time to exert its intended effect. However, this is difficult to assess and achieve due to the constraints of drug delivery to the central nervous system. To address this complex problem, an understanding of pharmacokinetic principles is necessary. Pharmacokinetics is classically described as the quantitative study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. The innate chemical properties of a drug, its administration (dose, route and schedule), and host factors all influence these four key pharmacokinetic phases. The central nervous system adds a level of complexity to standard plasma pharmacokinetics as it is a coupled drug compartment. This review will discuss special considerations of pharmacokinetics in the context of therapeutic development for central nervous system tumors.

scholarly journals Radiotherapy and COVID-19 pandemic - a review of the current recommendations

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 644-647
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Stepanovic ◽  
Marina Nikitovic
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Central Nervous System Tumors ◽  
Nervous System Tumors ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Cancer patients are at high risk for developing severe symptoms with a high mortality rate due to infection of COVID-19. Radiation therapy is one of the main treatment modalities of central nervous system tumors and lung cancer. Radiotherapy is often delivered in a number of fractions, which implies many visits to the radiotherapy center and thus possibly more exposure to the COVID-19. The convenient compromise between the exposure of the patients to the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the optimal treatment is questionable. The most used measures in radiotherapy centers are classification of patients into priority groups and frequent use of hypofractionation. From the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak, only a few expert group consensuses of radiotherapy treatment are published. In this paper we briefly review available practical recommendations of the expert groups for radiation therapy and oncology as well as the expert opinions for radiotherapy of the central nervous system tumors and lung cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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