Low-grade central nervous system tumors

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Beatriz S. Lopes ◽  
Edward R. Laws
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Central Nervous System Tumors ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Pathological Features ◽  
Nervous System Tumors ◽  
Pathological Classification ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Low-grade tumors of the central nervous system constitute 15 to 35% of primary brain tumors. Although this category of tumors encompasses a number of different well-characterized entities, low-grade tumors constitute every tumor not obviously malignant at initial diagnosis. In this brief review, the authors discuss the pathological classification, diagnostic procedures, treatment, and possible pathogenic mechanisms of these tumors. Emphasis is given in the neu-roradiological and pathological features of the several entities.

scholarly journals Epidemiologic Study of Central Nervous System Tumors in Rwanda

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
David Hakizimana ◽  
Agabe Emmy Nkusi ◽  
David Hakizimana ◽  
Eric Shingiro ◽  
Paulin Munyemana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
Cns Tumors ◽  
Central Nervous System Tumors ◽  
Secondary Neoplasms ◽  
Nervous System Tumors ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Introduction: Tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) are primary or secondary neoplasms located within the craniovertebral cavity. The incidence of CNS tumors is not uniform with variation between different countries, age groups and races. Objective: Our study aim was to generate new knowledge of the epidemiology of central nervous system tumors in Rwanda. Method: This was an observational retrospective study of all patients diagnosed with CNS tumors in Rwanda over a period of 10 years, from 1st January 2006 to 31st December 2015. Results: 466 patients enrolled, (52.2% females, 47.8% males). The median age at diagnosis of was 37 years. Brain tumors were 82.7%; spine tumor patients were 16.4%. The average annual age-standardized incidence of CNS tumors was 0.43/100, 0000 person-years and varied with age groups. Tumors of meningothelial cells represented the majority of brain tumors (31.8%). Metastatic tumors were the far most common spine tumors category. 55.8 % of CNS tumors reported in our study were histologically confirmed and of nonmalignant meningiomas were the commonest (33.9%). Conclusion: This is the very first study done on epidemiology of CNS tumors in Rwanda, and generated data about incidence of CNS tumors in Rwanda and their location and histological distribution.

scholarly journals Primary Cilia–Related Pathways Moderate the Development and Therapy Resistance of Glioblastoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minghao Li ◽  
Jiaxun Zhang ◽  
Haonan Zhou ◽  
Rong Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Primary Cilia ◽  
Therapy Resistance ◽  
Central Nervous System Tumors ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Nervous System Tumors ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
G2 Phase ◽  
Abnormal Cilia

As microtubule-based structures, primary cilia are typically present on the cells during the G0 or G1-S/G2 phase of the cell cycle and are closely related to the development of the central nervous system. The presence or absence of this special organelle may regulate the central nervous system tumorigenesis (e.g., glioblastoma) and several degenerative diseases. Additionally, the development of primary cilia can be regulated by several pathways. Conversely, primary cilia are able to regulate a few signaling transduction pathways. Therefore, development of the central nervous system tumors in conjunction with abnormal cilia can be regulated by up- or downregulation of the pathways related to cilia and ciliogenesis. Here, we review some pathways related to ciliogenesis and tumorigenesis, aiming to provide a potential target for developing new therapies at genetic and molecular levels.

Chromosome abnormalities in low-grade central nervous system tumors

1992 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constance A. Griffin ◽  
Patricia P. Long ◽  
Benjamin S. Carson ◽  
Henry Brem
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Chromosome Abnormalities ◽  
Central Nervous System Tumors ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Nervous System Tumors

scholarly journals Epidemiological Characteristics Of Central Nervous System Tumors In Children: A 5-Year Review of 3,180 Cases From Beijing Tiantan Hospital

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiming Liu ◽  
Chihyi Liao ◽  
Heng Zhang ◽  
Zhe Han ◽  
Junmei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
World Health ◽  
Spinal Tumors ◽  
Central Nervous System Tumors ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Diffuse Astrocytoma ◽  
Intracranial Tumors ◽  
Nervous System Tumors ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Objective: To describe the epidemiological characteristics of central nervous system tumors in children, based on the neurosurgery department of Beijing Tiantan Hospital.Methods: From January 2015 to December 2019, 3 180 children were histopathologically diagnosed with central nervous system tumors based on the 2016 World Health Organization classification of tumors. Patients were 0 to 15 years old. We analyzed age-related gender preferences, tumor locations and the histological grades of the tumors. In addition, the epidemiological characteristics of the five most common intracranial tumors were compared to the previous studies.Results: In this study, intracranial and spinal tumors account for 96.4% (3 066) and 3.6% (114) of all tumors, with a preponderance of supratentorial tumors (57.9%). Among all pediatric patients, low-grade tumors comprise 67.1% (2 135). The integral gender ratio of males to females is 1.47:1 and the average age of patients is 7.59 years old. The five most common intracranial tumors are craniopharyngioma (15.4%), medulloblastoma (14.3%), pilocytic astrocytoma (11.8%), diffuse astrocytoma (9.8%), and anaplastic ependymoma (4.8%).Conclusions: Due to lack of national data on childhood brain tumors, we used a large nationally representative population sample based on the largest pediatric neurosurgery center in China. We analyzed the data of the past five years, reflecting the incidence of CNS tumors in Chinese children to a certain extent, and laying a data foundation for subsequent clinical studies.

scholarly journals Oncogenic BRAF Alterations and Their Role in Brain Tumors

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Behling ◽  
Jens Schittenhelm
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Braf V600e ◽  
Central Nervous System Tumors ◽  
Prognostic Impact ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
Nervous System Tumors ◽  
Tumor Entities

Alterations of the v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) have been extensively studied in several tumor entities and are known to drive cell growth in several tumor entities. Effective targeted therapies with mutation-specific small molecule inhibitors have been developed and established for metastasized malignant melanoma. The BRAF V600E mutation and KIAA1549-BRAF fusion are alterations found in several brain tumors and show a distinct prognostic impact in some entities. Besides the diagnostic significance for the classification of central nervous system tumors, these alterations present possible therapy targets that may be exploitable for oncological treatments, as it has been established for malignant melanomas. In this review the different central nervous system tumors harboring BRAF alterations are presented and the diagnostic significance, prognostic role, and therapeutic potential are discussed.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetic Principles and Their Application to Central Nervous System Tumors

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 948
Author(s):  
Joelle P. Straehla ◽  
Katherine E. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Active Drug ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Central Nervous System Tumors ◽  
Nervous System Tumors ◽  
Therapeutic Development ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Plasma Pharmacokinetics

Despite increasing knowledge of the biologic drivers of central nervous system tumors, most targeted agents trialed to date have not shown activity against these tumors in clinical trials. To effectively treat central nervous system tumors, an active drug must achieve and maintain an effective exposure at the tumor site for a long enough period of time to exert its intended effect. However, this is difficult to assess and achieve due to the constraints of drug delivery to the central nervous system. To address this complex problem, an understanding of pharmacokinetic principles is necessary. Pharmacokinetics is classically described as the quantitative study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. The innate chemical properties of a drug, its administration (dose, route and schedule), and host factors all influence these four key pharmacokinetic phases. The central nervous system adds a level of complexity to standard plasma pharmacokinetics as it is a coupled drug compartment. This review will discuss special considerations of pharmacokinetics in the context of therapeutic development for central nervous system tumors.

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