scholarly journals Decreased CD8+ Lymphocytic Infiltration in Multifocal and Multicentric Glioblastomas

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Run Wang ◽  
Yifu Song ◽  
Tianhao Hu ◽  
Xiaoliang Wang ◽  
Yang Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Function ◽  
Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes ◽  
Lymphocytic Infiltration ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Unfavorable Clinical Outcome ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Infiltrating Lymphocytes

PurposeMultifocal and multicentric glioblastomas (mGBMs) are associated with a poorer prognosis compared to unifocal glioblastoma (uGBM). The presence of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is predictive of clinical outcomes in human malignancies. Here, we examined the CD8+ lymphocytic infiltration in mGBMs.MethodsThe clinical data of 57 consecutive IDH wildtype primary mGBM patients with histopathological diagnoses were retrospectively reviewed. CD8+ TILs were quantitatively evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. The survival function of CD8+ TILs was assessed by Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazard models.ResultsNo significant difference in the concentration of CD8+ TILs was observed among foci from the same patient (P>0.150). The presence of CD8+ TILs was similar between multifocal and multicentric GBMs (P=0.885). The concentration of CD8+ TILs was significantly lower in mGBMs than in uGBMs (P=0.002). In mGBM patients, the CD8+ TIL level was associated with preoperative KPS (P=0.018). The median overall survival (OS) of the 57 mGBMs was 9 months. A low CD8+ TIL level (multivariate HR 4.404, 95% CI 1.954-9.926, P=0.0004) was an independent predictor of poor OS, while postoperative temozolomide chemotherapy (multivariate HR 6.076, 95% CI 2.330-15.842, P=0.0002) was independently associated with prolonged OS in mGBMs.ConclusionsDecreased CD8+ TIL levels potentially correlate with unfavorable clinical outcome in mGBMs, suggesting an influence of the local immuno-microenvironment on the progression of mGBMs.

scholarly journals LAMB1 Is Related to the T Stage and Indicates Poor Prognosis in Gastric Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 153303382110049
Author(s):  
Tao Ran ◽  
ZhiJi Chen ◽  
LiWen Zhao ◽  
Wei Ran ◽  
JinYu Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Hazard Models ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Kegg Analysis ◽  
Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Gastric Cancer Patients

Background and Objective: Gastric cancer (GC) is a common tumor malignancy with high incidence and poor prognosis. Laminin is an indispensable component of basement membrane and extracellular matrix, which is responsible for bridging the internal and external environment of cells and transmitting signals. This study mainly explored the association of the LAMB1 expression with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis in gastric cancer. Methods: The expression data and clinical information of gastric cancer patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Asian Cancer Research Group (ACRG). And we analyzed the relationship between LAMB1 expression and clinical characteristics through R. CIBERSORTx was used to calculate the absolute score of immune cells in gastric tumor tissues. Then COX proportional hazard models and Kaplan-Meier curves were performed to evaluate the role of LAMB1 and its influence on prognosis in gastric cancer patients. Finally, GO and KEGG analysis were applied for LAMB1-related genes in gastric cancer, and PPI network was constructed in Cytoscape software. Results: In the TCGA cohort, patients with gastric cancer frequently generated LAMB1 gene copy number variation, but had little effect on mRNA expression. Both in the TCGA and ACRG cohorts, the mRNA expression of LAMB1 in gastric cancer tissues was higher than it in normal tissues. All patients were divided into high expression group and low expression group according to the median expression level of LAMB1. The elevated expression group obviously had more advanced cases and higher infiltration levels of M2 macrophages. COX proportional hazard models and Kaplan-Meier curves revealed that patients with enhanced expression of LAMB1 have a worse prognosis. GO/KEGG analysis showed that LAMB1-related genes were enriched in PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction, etc. Conclusions: The high expression of LAMB1 in gastric cancer is related to the poor prognosis of patients, and it may be related to microenvironmental changes in tumors.

scholarly journals Prognostic implications of depression and inflammation in patients with metastatic lung cancer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel C McFarland ◽  
Rebecca M. Saracino ◽  
Andrew H. Miller ◽  
William Breitbart ◽  
Barry Rosenfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Metastatic Lung Cancer ◽  
Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Metastatic Lung ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Prognostic Implications

Background: Lung cancer-related inflammation is associated with depression. Both elevated inflammation and depression are associated with worse survival. However, outcomes of patients with concomitant depression and elevated inflammation are not known. Materials & methods: Patients with metastatic lung cancer (n = 123) were evaluated for depression and inflammation. Kaplan–Meier plots and Cox proportional hazard models provided survival estimations. Results: Estimated survival was 515 days for the cohort and 323 days for patients with depression (hazard ratio: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.05–1.179), 356 days for patients with elevated inflammation (hazard ratio: 2.85, 95% CI: 1.856–4.388), and 307 days with both (χ2 = 12.546; p < 0.001]). Conclusion: Depression and inflammation are independently associated with inferior survival. Survival worsened by inflammation is mediated by depression-a treatable risk factor.

Abstract 16571: The Potential Impact of Expanding Cardiac Rehabilitation Coverage in Heart Failure: Insights From Get With the Guidelines Heart Failure

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob P Kelly ◽  
Brad G Hammill ◽  
Jacob A Doll ◽  
G. Michael Felker ◽  
Paul A Heidenreich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
P Value ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Expanded Criteria ◽  
Get With The Guidelines

Background: In February 2014, coverage for cardiac rehabilitation (CR) was expanded by Centers for Medicare & Medicaid to include patients with chronic symptomatic heart failure (HF) on optimal medical therapy with ejection fraction <35%. Thus, we sought to characterize the patient population newly eligible for CR based on the expanded criteria and their associated outcomes. Methods: We analyzed the Get With The Guidelines-HF registry linked to Medicare claims data from 2008-2012 to assess three groups of patients age 65 or older: previously eligible (due to prior MI, CABG, stable angina, heart valve surgery, or PCI in the previous 12 months), newly eligible, and ineligible for CR. Ineligible patients met neither criteria. Incidence rate was calculated with Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine the association of events. Results: Among 51,665 HF patients discharged alive, 27.2% (n=14,053) were newly eligible and 14.5% were previously eligible for CR (n=7477). Newly eligible patients were more likely to be black, have atrial fibrillation and EF < 35%, while having fewer previous hospitalizations than patients previously eligible for CR. Newly eligible and ineligible patients had similar risk for 1-year mortality compared with those previously eligible (adjusted Hazard Ratio [HR] 0.95, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.88-1.02, p-value=0.13 and [HR] 1.05, 95% [CI] 0.98-1.13, p-value=0.17, respectively). However, newly eligible and ineligible patients had lower risk for 1-year readmission compared with those previously eligible (adjusted [HR] 0.89, 95% [CI] 0.85-0.93, p-value<0.001 and [HR] 0.94, 95% [CI] 0.90- 0.98, p-value<0.001). Conclusions: The extension of coverage for cardiac rehabilitation has tripled the potentially eligible HF population. As these newly eligible patients are at high risk for adverse outcomes, cardiac rehabilitation should be considered.

scholarly journals The productive lifetime of sows on two farms from the aspect of reasons for culling

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 747-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Balogh ◽  
Wojciech Kapelański ◽  
Hanna Jankowiak ◽  
Lajos Nagy ◽  
Sandor Kovacs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Model ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Proportional Hazard Model ◽  
Large White ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Breeding Farms ◽  
On Farm

Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the characteristics of the productive lifetime (PLT) of sows kept on two farms, from the aspect of reasons for culling. The study was based on data from animals from two breeding farms in Hungary, using the data of 3493 crossbred Dutch Large White and Dutch Landrace sows (DLW × DL) between their first farrowing until the time of culling (2006 and 2012). For six years, the annual culling rate for both farms averaged 45%. The most frequent reasons for removal on both farms were reproductive problems (40%, 51%), leg problems (29%, 23%) and mortality (19%, 15%). There was a significant difference between the distributions of reasons for culling on the two farms (χ2=41.7, P≤0.001). The distributions of reasons for culling differed in three periods of sow breeding (Farm A: χ2=264.7, P≤0.001; Farm B: χ2=511.1, P≤0.001). The percentage of main removal reasons decreased, whereas the frequency of culling due to age increased. Using survival analysis (Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard model), significant differences were identified between the PLT of sows culled due to reproductive problems (P≤0.001), leg problems (P≤0.001) and old age (P≤0.001). Reproductive problems (HR: 1.34, P≤0.001) and leg problems (HR: 1.39, P≤0.001) were higher and culling due to old age (HR: 0.44, P≤0.001) was lower on Farm A compared to Farm B. There were no significant differences between the two farms in terms of mortality (HR: 0.99, P=0.923). Overall, the results can be useful for breeders of crossbred (DLW × DL) sow populations in more accurately defining their culling systems.

Survival outcome of ampullary and duodenal adenocarcinomas.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e14579-e14579
Author(s):  
Walid Labib Shaib ◽  
Rahul Sharma ◽  
Sungjin Kim ◽  
Zhengjia Chen ◽  
John S. Kauh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Survival Difference ◽  
Significant Survival ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Emory University

e14579 Background: Adenocarcinomas of the duodenum are divided into two locations: ampullary (AMP) and duodenal (DA). AMP represents 2% of all gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies and commonly present with tumor related obstruction of the common bile duct. DA is rare, and constitutes 0.4% of GI but 45% of small bowel malignancies. The literature regarding treatment and outcome of DA and AMP is very limited. The objective of this project is to evaluate the outcome for these cancers. Methods: After IRB approval, AMP and DA patients were identified from Emory University database. A chart review from July 1995 to July 2012 was conducted. Data was collected for demographic characteristics, pathology, treatment and survival.Survival rates were estimated by Kaplan Meier method and compared with Log-rank test. A Cox proportional hazard model was fitted to estimate the adjusted effect of AMP versus DA on overall survival (OS). Results: A total of 162 patients with AMP (94) and DA (68) were identified. Median age at diagnosis for AMP was 62 and for DA was 63 years. Equal distribution of males and females was found in both locations. No difference was found comparing grade of the tumors. There was a difference in race. DA presented with larger primary tumor compared to AMP. DA presented with advanced stage. Treatment was driven by stage and included surgery, surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy (5-FU based) +/- radiation or chemotherapy alone. Median OS of 27.5 for AMP and 19.3 months for DA, not statistically significant difference. Adjusting for stage, no significant survival difference was observed (HR=0.88 95%CI=0.54 – 1.46, p=0.63). Conclusions: Race, size, stage and treatment were different comparing AMP to DA. Majority of AMP had early stage and were treated with surgery; DA tends to present at a late stage. When accounting for stage and location, the OS was not significantly different. [Table: see text]

Real-world time to next treatment (TTNT) for first-line (1L) targeted and immuno-oncology therapies for BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma (MM) by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (8_suppl) ◽  
pp. 141-141
Author(s):  
Jason J. Luke ◽  
Sameer R. Ghate ◽  
Jonathan Kish ◽  
Choo Hyung Lee ◽  
Briana Ndife ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Community Oncology ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Ecog Ps

141 Background: Dabrafenib plus trametinib (D+T), ipilimumab plus nivolumab (I+N), and both nivolumab and pembrolizumab (“PD-1 mono”) are approved for the 1L treatment of MM. This study reports real world 1L TTNT for patients receiving these therapies by LDH status. Methods: This was a retrospective, observational study. MM patients initiating 1L treatment with D+T, I+N, or PD-1 monotherapy from Jan-2014 through Jun-2017 were identified from community oncology practices in the U.S. Patients treating oncologist abstracted patient date into case report forms. LDH at initiation of treatment was classified by the provider as normal or abnormal ( > 1x and < 2x ULN or ≥ 2x ULN) according to the reference laboratory. TTNT was calculated from 1L initiation to initiation of second-line (2L). Cox proportional hazard models estimated the risk of initiating 2L (proxy for progression) between groups adjusted for age, gender, brain/liver metastases (mets), number of mets and ECOG-PS. Results: Data for 332 patients were submitted by 53 providers including 51.6% who initiated 2L. Abnormal LDH: D+T = 60.3%, ipi/nivo = 53.0%, PD-1 mono = 35.4%. No differences in the frequency of patients with stage IV M1c, brain mets, ECOG, or discontinuation due to toxicity (8.4% of all patients) were noted between cohorts. TTNT was significantly longer in both normal and abnormal LDH cohorts for D+T (14.1 and 11.6 mo.) vs. ipi/nivo (10.1 and 10.2 mo.) but not PD-1 mono (13.3 and 10.6). Adjusted for confounding variables in the abnormal LDH cohort the hazard ratio (HR) for risk of 2L initiation was significantly higher (2.08, p < 0.01) for ipi/nivo vs. D+T but not significant different among normal LDH patients (HR = 1.89, p = 0.054). No significant difference in the risk of 2L initiation between D+T and ipi/nivo were noted in either the normal or abnormal cohorts. Conclusions: For normal and abnormal LDH cohorts 1L TTNT was longer for patients receiving D+T vs. ipi/nivo (but not vs. PD-1 mono). Using the multivariate model we observed the risk of 2L initiation, a proxy for progression, was higher for ipi/nivo treated vs. D+T adjusted for clinical factors for abnormal LDH patients.

Abstract 17389: Antiplatelets Agents Decreases 30-days Mortality in Myocardial Injury After Noncardiac Surgery

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanumantha R Jogu ◽  
Parag A Chevli ◽  
Geeth Sandeep Nadella ◽  
Tareq S Islam ◽  
Abhishek Dutta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Injury ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Antiplatelet Agents ◽  
Noncardiac Surgery ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Cardiac Procedures ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Poor Outcomes

Introduction: Despite being frequent and associated with poor outcomes, no guidelines exist addressing the management of myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery (MINS). We hypothesized that Antiplatelets (ATP) agents reduce 30-days mortality in MINS patients. Methods: We used data from the Wake-Up T2MI registry, which is a single-center, retrospective cohort of hospitalized adults with elevated troponin (cTn) I (> 99 th percentile reference upper limit is >0.04 ng/dL) without acute myocardial infarction in a 2-year period. Patients with the cardiac procedures were excluded and cTn obtained during hospitalization. MINS is defined as abnormally elevated cTn levels during or within 30 days after surgery. Kaplan-Meier curve and multivariate-adjusted Cox-proportional hazard models were performed to assess all-cause mortality at 30-days, 90-days, and 1-year among patients with and without ATPs upon discharge. Results: A total of 457 patients were included in the final analysis. There was no difference in sex, race, BMI, and peak cTn, except age among patients stratified by ATP on discharge. Prevalence of mortality was significantly lower at 30-days (2.6% vs 7%, p = 0.028), it was not significant at 90-days (9.6% vs. 11.8%, p = 0.440) and at 1-year (21.4% vs. 24.6%, p=0.421) in patients who were discharged on ATPs compared to non-ATPs. Survival benefit was significant at 30-days (log-rank p = 0.022), non-significant at 90-days (log-rank p = 0.292) and at 1-year (log-rank p = 180) in ATPs group compared to non-ATPs. In a multivariate-adjusted (adjusted for age, sex, race, and peak cTn) model, patients who were discharged on ATPs had a HR of 0.31 (0.120 - 0.799; p = 0.015) at 30 days, HR of 0.64 (0.363 - 1.136; p = 0.128) at 90 days (Figure 1), and HR of 0.69 (0.472 - 1.025; p = 0.066) at 1 year. Conclusions: In conclusion, antiplatelet agents on discharge were associated with decreased 30-days mortality in MINS patients. Further studies are needed to validate our results.

Abstract 208: Periprocedural Stroke and Myocardial Infarction as Risks for Long-term Mortality in CREST

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Jones ◽  
Gary S. Roubin ◽  
Wayne M. Clark ◽  
Ariane Mackey ◽  
Joseph Blackshear ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Carotid Revascularization ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Long Term Mortality

Introduction: Occurrence of stroke and myocardial infarction (MI) after carotid endarterectomy or stenting have each been associated with increased later mortality. Methods: In the Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy versus Stenting Trial (CREST) 69 strokes, 37 protocol MIs, and 19 biomarker + only events occurred within 30 days among 2272 patients followed up to 10 years. Mortality was determined and compared for patients with stroke, MI, or biomarker + only to those without. Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for age, sex, symptomatic status and treatment were calculated to assess the relationship between mortality and stroke and mortality and MI status. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted. Results: Patients with peri-procedural stroke had a 67% greater likelihood of long-term mortality compared to those without stroke (HR=1.67, 95% CI 1.15,2.43; p<0.007)(Figure A). Patients with a protocol MI had a 249% greater likelihood of mortality, and biomarker+ only patients had a 104% greater likelihood of mortality, compared to those without MI (HR=3.49; 95%CI 2.20,5.53, p<0.0001; and HR=2.04; 95% CI 1.09,3.83, p=0.03)(Figure B). Discussion: Stroke, MI, and biomarker + only events following CEA or CAS are associated with increased long-term mortality. The higher risk for MI may be a marker for patients with serious underlying heart disease, rather than causal, providing an opportunity to decrease long-term mortality through aggressive diagnostic evaluation and preventive treatment.

scholarly journals Metformin and Diabetes Prevention in Patients with Prediabetes: Results from Isfahan Diabetes Prevention Study (IDPS)

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
Parisa Khodabandeh Shahraki ◽  
Awat Feizi ◽  
Ashraf Aminorroaya ◽  
Mahboubeh Farmani ◽  
Massoud Amini
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Prevention ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Log Rank Test ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Adjusted Model

Aim: Although, the effectiveness of metformin in diabetes treatment is well established, its preventive effect in the development of diabetes is still unclear in real world. We aimed to determine the effectiveness of metformin therapy as a single preventive agent in patients with prediabetes in a cohort study (IDPS). Study Design: In this prospective observational study. Place and Duration of Study: Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Methodology: We included 410 patients with prediabetes (168 metformin user, 242 non-users), who participated in IDPS. To determine the association between metformin use and incidence of type 2 diabetes, Cox proportional hazard method, Kaplan-Meier and log Rank test were used. Results: In fully adjusted model for all confounders, significant hazard ratio (HR) for staying prediabetes rather than returning to normal was detected in male group of metformin non-user (HR: 2·41 [95% CI 1.01-5.79]; P<0·05) and those metformin non-user who had both Impaired Fasting Glucose and Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IFG & IGT) (HR: 2.13 [95% CI 1.05-4.34]; P=0·04).  There was no significant difference in terms of developing diabetes risk between metformin users and non-users. Conclusion: This study evidenced that males and patients with IFG & IGT who had not used metformin are at higher risk to staying prediabetes than returning to normal.

Outcomes after treatment of resectable, node-negative esophageal cancer: A risk-adjusted analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e14562-e14562
Author(s):  
Jeremiah Thomas Martin ◽  
Mathias Worni ◽  
Joseph Bertram Zwischenberger ◽  
Ricardo Pietrobon ◽  
Thomas A. D'Amico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Nodal Disease ◽  
Node Negative ◽  
T Stage ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Survival Risk

e14562 Background: Esophageal cancer has poor prognosis even in early stages. We examined survival for patients with resectable tumors in the absence of nodal disease in order to assess the benefits of surgery and radiation. Methods: Patients with T1-T3N0M0 squamous cell or adenocarcinoma of the mid or distal esophagus were identified using the SEER database from 1998-2008. The Kaplan-Meier approach and risk-adjusted Cox proportional-hazard models were used to assess 5-year overall survival. Survival risk among treatment modality subgroups (surgery only (SO), radiotherapy only (RO), combined surgery and radiotherapy (CT), and local tumor resection (LR)) was evaluated for the overall patient cohort and stratified among T-stage. SEER does not record chemotherapy use, which therefore wasn’t analyzed. Results: Overall 5-year survival for 4,251 patients identified (mean age 67.7±11.4 years, 966 (22.7%) female) was 37.6% (95% CI: 35.8-39.4). Survival correlated with T-stage: T1N0 48.0% (45.4-50.6); T2N0 29.8% (26.1-33.5); and T3N0 25.8% (22.9-28.7), p<0.001. For T1N0 patients, risk-adjusted survival was better with SO compared to CT (HR: 0.84, CI: 0.74-0.96, p=0.01) while LR and SO were not significantly different (p=0.24) (Table). Treatment with SO or CT had better survival compared to RO for T2N0 and T3N0 patients. The addition of radiation to surgery (CT vs. SO) improved survival for T3N0 patients (HR 0.79, CI 0.65-0.97, p=0.03) but not T2N0 patients (HR: 1.05, CI: 0.81-1.37, p=0.71). Conclusions: Surgical resection without radiation therapy is adequate for T1N0 esophageal cancer, but combined radiation and surgery has the best outcomes for T3N0 patients. Prognoses of T2N0 cancers are more similar to T3N0 cancers than T1N0 cancers, but no survival benefit to adding radiation to surgery for T2N0 patients was seen in this study. [Table: see text]

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