scholarly journals Photodynamic and Photothermal Therapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Fan ◽  
Chengjun Zhuang ◽  
Shuang Wang ◽  
Yewei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Photothermal Therapy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Medical Engineering ◽  
First Line ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
Primary Liver Tumor ◽  
The Third ◽  
New Ideas

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver tumor. It is ranked the sixth most common neoplasm and the third most common cause of cancer mortality. At present, the most common treatment for HCC is surgery, but the 5-year recurrence rates are still high. Patients with early stage HCC with few nodules can be treated with resection or radiofrequency ablation (RFA); while for multinodular HCC, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) has been the first-line treatment. In recent years, based on medical engineering cooperation, nanotechnology has been increasingly applied to the treatment of cancer. Photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy are effective for cancer. This paper summarizes the latest progress of photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy for HCC, with the aim of providing new ideas for the treatment of HCC.

scholarly journals Treatments for the early stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Laparoscopic Liver Resection or Percutaneous Radiofrequency, How to make the decision?

Liver Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinli Zheng ◽  
Wei Xie ◽  
Yunfeng Zhu ◽  
Li Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Liver Resection ◽  
Complication Rate ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
Overall Survival Rate ◽  
First Line ◽  
First Line Treatment

Hepatectomy is still as the first-line treatment for the early stage HCC, but the complication rate is higher than p-RFA and the overall survival rate is comparable in these two treatments. Therefore, the patients with small single nodular HCCs could get more benefit from p-RFA, and we need to do further research about p-RFA.

scholarly journals Substantial risk of recurrence even after 5 recurrence-free years in early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-528
Author(s):  
Jihye Kim ◽  
Wonseok Kang ◽  
Dong Hyun Sinn ◽  
Geum-Youn Gwak ◽  
Yong-Han Paik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Radiofrequency Ablation ◽  
Recurrence Rate ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cancer Staging ◽  
High Recurrence Rate ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
Substantial Risk ◽  
Hcc Recurrence

Background/Aims: Although hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is notorious for its high recurrence rate, some patients do not experience recurrence for more than 5 years after resection or radiofrequency ablation for early-stage HCC. For those with five recurrence-free period, the risk of HCC recurrence within the next 5 years remains unknown.Methods: A total of 1,451 consecutive patients (median, 55 years old; males, 79.0%; hepatitis B virus-related, 79.3%) with good liver function (Child-Pugh class A) diagnosed with early-stage HCC by Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Staging and received radiofrequency ablation or resection as an initial treatment between 2005 and 2010 were analyzed.Results: During a median follow-up period of 8.1 years, 961 patients (66.2%) experienced HCC recurrence. The cumulative recurrence rates increased to 39.7%, 60.3%, and 71.0% at 2, 5, and 10 years, respectively, and did not reach a plateau. Five years after HCC diagnosis, 487 patients were alive without experiencing a recurrence. Among them, during a median of 3.9 additional years of follow-up (range, 0.1–9.0 years), 127 patients (26.1%) experienced recurrence. The next 5-year cumulative recurrence rate (5–10 years from initial diagnosis) was 27.0%. Male sex, higher fibrosis-4 scores, and alpha-fetoprotein levels at 5 years were associated with later HCC recurrence among patients who did not experience recurrence for more than 5 years.Conclusions: The HCC recurrence rate following 5 recurrence-free years after HCC treatment was high, indicating that HCC patients warrant continued HCC surveillance, even after 5 recurrence-free years.

Survival of patients receiving radiofrequency ablation or ethanol injection for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15043-e15043
Author(s):  
Zhong-Zhe Lin ◽  
Wen-Yi Shau ◽  
Yu Yun Shao ◽  
Yi-Chun Yeh ◽  
Raymond Nien-Chen Kuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Radiofrequency Ablation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Claim Database ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
First Line ◽  
Ethanol Injection ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
First Line Treatment

e15043 Background: Randomized trials suggest that radiofrequency ablation (RFA) may be more effective than percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the survival advantage of RFA need confirmation in daily practice. Methods: We conducted a population-based cohort study using the Taiwan Cancer Registry, National Health Insurance claim database and National Death Registry data from 2004 through 2009. Patients receiving PEI or RFA as first-line treatment for newly-diagnosed stage I-II HCC were enrolled. Results: A total of 658 patients receiving RFA and 378 patients receiving PEI treatment were included for final analysis. The overall survival (OS) rates of patients in the RFA and PEI groups at 5-year were 55% and 42%, respectively (p< 0.01). Compared to patients that received PEI, those that received RFA had lower risks of overall mortality and first-line treatment failure (FTF), with adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) [95% confidence interval (C.I.)] of 0.60 (0.50-0.73) for OS and 0.54 (0.46-0.64) for FTF. The favorable outcomes for the RFA group were consistently significant for patients with tumors > 2 cm as well as for those with tumors < 2 cm. Consistent results were also observed in other subgroup analyses defined by gender, age, tumor stage, and co-morbidity status. Conclusions: RFA provides better survival benefits than PEI for patients with unresectable stage I-II HCC, irrespective of tumors > 2 cm or ≤ 2 cm, in contemporary clinical practice.

scholarly journals Medical Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 356-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole E. Rich ◽  
Adam C. Yopp ◽  
Amit G. Singal
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Surgical Resection ◽  
Survival Benefit ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Poor Performance Status ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
Ablative Therapies ◽  
Therapeutic Decisions ◽  
Systemic Therapies

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) typically occurs in patients with advanced liver disease, so therapeutic decisions must account for the degree of underlying liver dysfunction and patient performance status in addition to tumor burden. Curative treatment options, including liver transplantation, surgical resection, and local ablative therapies, offer 5-year survival rates exceeding 60% but are restricted to patients with early-stage HCC. Surgical resection and local ablative therapies are also limited by high recurrence rates, highlighting a need for adjuvant and/or neoadjuvant therapies. A majority of patients with HCC are diagnosed beyond an early stage, when the tumor is no longer amenable to curative options. For patients with liver-localized HCC in whom curative options are not possible, transarterial therapies, either chemoembolization or radioembolization, can prolong survival but are rarely curative. Sorafenib and regorafenib are the only approved first-line and second-line systemic therapies, respectively, with a survival benefit for patients with advanced HCC; however, the benefit is primarily observed in patients with intact liver function and good performance status. There are several ongoing phase II and III trials evaluating novel systemic therapies, including immunotherapies. Patients with poor performance status or severe hepatic dysfunction do not derive any survival benefit from HCC-directed therapy and have a median survival of approximately 6 months. These patients should be treated with best supportive care, with a focus on maximizing quality of life. Multidisciplinary care has been shown to improve appropriateness of treatment decisions and overall survival and should be considered standard of care for patients with HCC.

scholarly journals New Frontiers in the Medical Therapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Chemotherapy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Angela Maria Fulgenzi ◽  
Antonio D'Alessio ◽  
Thomas Talbot ◽  
Alessandra Gennari ◽  
Mark R. Openshaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Early Stage Disease ◽  
Primary Liver Tumor ◽  
Phase Iii Clinical Trials ◽  
Stage Disease ◽  
Major Treatment

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver tumor, and it rates fourth as a cause of cancer-related death. The presence of underlying liver disease and poor chemosensitivity pose major treatment challenges in the management of HCC. However, in the last few years the therapeutic scenario has substantially changed, and immunotherapy in the form of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs) has become an essential therapeutic strategy in this field. Summary: After controversial results of monotherapy, ICPIs have been mainly investigated in association with anti-angiogenic agents or as dual checkpoint inhibition. The combination of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab has become the new therapeutic standard for unresectable HCC. Currently, a number of ICPIs-based combinations are being studied in phase III clinical trials as front-line therapy for advanced HCC, with growing interest in integration of early-stage disease management in the form of adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapies. With most of the trials investigating ICPIs as first line treatment, the second line scenario relies mainly on tyrosine kinase inhibitors, which however, have not been formally trialed after ICPIs. Key messages: In this review we summarize the main therapeutic advances in the systemic management of HCC focusing on the most relevant ongoing trials. We also discuss the main issues arising from a such rapidly evolving field including therapeutic sequencing and patient stratification.

scholarly journals ODONTOGENIC KERATOCYST WITH A SINUS TRACT: A CASE REPORT

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-250
Author(s):  
Basavaraj Sikkerimath ◽  
Anu Jose ◽  
Aditya Anshu
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Sinus Tract ◽  
Odontogenic Keratocyst ◽  
High Recurrence Rate ◽  
Odontogenic Cysts ◽  
First Line ◽  
The Third

Odontogenic keratocysts are locally aggressive, benign, developmental odontogenic cysts. It occurs commonly in mandible and has high recurrence rate. It is the third most common odontogenic cyst. Various modalities of treatment are described in the literature which includes enucleation, marsupulization, (marsupialization) liquid nitrogen cryotherapy, chemical/ cryo-cauterization, resection etc. Though resection remains the gold standard of treatment in preventing recurrence, conservative methods are the first line of choice to prevent the morbidity associated with resection. However close follow up is necessary to identify any recurrence at an early stage. Here we present a case of odontogenic keratocyst of mandible in a 30 years old female patient.

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