scholarly journals Why Does Child Mortality Decrease With Age? Modeling the Age-Associated Decrease in Mortality Rate Using WHO Metadata From 25 Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Dolejs ◽  
Helena Homolková
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Population Heterogeneity ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Inverse Proportion ◽  
Child Mortality Rate ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Age Range

Background: Our previous study analyzed the age trajectory of mortality (ATM) in 14 European countries, while this study aimed at investigating ATM in other continents and in countries with a higher level of mortality. Data from 11 Non-European countries were used.Methods: The number of deaths was extracted from the WHO mortality database. The Halley method was used to calculate the mortality rates in all possible calendar years and all countries combined. This method enables us to combine more countries and more calendar years in one hypothetical population.Results: The age trajectory of total mortality (ATTM) and also ATM due to specific groups of diseases were very similar in the 11 non-European countries and in the 14 European countries. The level of mortality did not affect the main results found in European countries. The inverse proportion was valid for ATTM in non-European countries with two exceptions.Slower or no mortality decrease with age was detected in the first year of life, while the inverse proportion model was valid for the age range (1, 10) years in most of the main chapters of ICD10.Conclusions: The decrease in child mortality with age may be explained as the result of the depletion of individuals with congenital impairment. The majority of deaths up to the age of 10 years were related to congenital impairments, and the decrease in child mortality rate with age was a demonstration of population heterogeneity. The congenital impairments were latent and may cause death even if no congenital impairment was detected.

scholarly journals Health status of children in ancient Sirmium

Starinar ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 65-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasa Miladinovic-Radmilovic ◽  
Vulovic Dragana ◽  
Ksenija Djukic
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Enamel Hypoplasia ◽  
The Social ◽  
Haematological Disorders ◽  
Child Mortality Rate ◽  
Inadequate Nutrition

This paper presents diseases which directly leave traces on osteological material (enamel hypoplasia, caries, traumatic conditions, haematological disorders, metabolic diseases and middle ear inflammation) and diseases that leave no visible marks on bones, and may indeed be the direct cause of death of children in ancient Sirmium. In paleodemographic research, child mortality rate is an important element of a population?s progress. Child mortality is considered an adequate criterion for the social and sanitation conditions of a community and a sensitive indicator of inadequate nutrition.

scholarly journals ANÁLISIS DEL CRECIMIENTO Y LA MORTALIDAD DE ANISOTREMUS INTERRUPTUS (GILL) (PERCIFORMES: HAEMULIDAE) EN LA COSTA DE COLIMA, MÉXICO

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Espino Barr ◽  
Manuel Gallardo Cabello ◽  
Fernando González Orozco ◽  
Arturo Garcia Boa
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
First Year ◽  
The Third ◽  
Second Year ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Mortality Analysis

This paper deals with the growth and mortality analysis of the burrito grunt A n i s o t remus interru p t u s on the coast of Colima, México. The estimated growth parameters are: L¥ = 50.59 cm; W¥ = 5,051.04 g; k = 0.147 years- 1; to = -0.916 years; A0 . 9 5 = 19.46 years. Most of the growth occurred during the first year of life, when the grunt grows 12.52 cm, the second year it grows 4.95 cm and the third, 4.60 cm. The highest value of the condition index took place between February and September. The total mortality rate (Z) was calculated as 0.53 years- 1. These values are basic for the plan of administration of the fishery of this species.

scholarly journals The Integrated Spatial Pattern of Child Mortality during the 2012–2016 Drought in La Guajira, Colombia

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 7190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Far North ◽  
Single Indicator ◽  
Economic Vulnerability ◽  
Spatial Indicators ◽  
Child Mortality Rate

The El Niño phenomenon in 2012 triggered a drought in La Guajira, Colombia that extended until 2016. In this period, the average child mortality rate in the area reached 23.4 out of 1000. The aim of this paper is to identify the integrated spatial pattern (ISP) of a single indicator in this case; child mortality. At the same time, the ISP identifies causes and priority areas for action. The socio-economic vulnerability (SEV) variables and spatial indicators related to child mortality were selected from the literature review and through meetings, workshops, and interviews with the affected community during fieldwork. Using correlation analysis and stepwise regression, the SEV variables with more accountability in child mortality during the drought were identified: Households with a monthly income of less than 100 USD, the number of people older than 65, and the number of people younger than 5 years old. Allocating weights to the SEV variables according to their degree of accountability in child mortality, its ISP has been identified. The far north of La Guajira was detected as the area most affected by child mortality and was, therefore, the priority zone for implementing actions focused on generating new sources of income.

scholarly journals Modelling and Prediction of the Gross Mortality Rate in Ecuador

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica Mite ◽  
Sandra Garcia-Bustos ◽  
Marcela Pincay ◽  
Ana Debón ◽  
Francisco Santoja
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cohort Effect ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Arima Models ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Mortality Forecasting ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
Adjusted Model ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Carter Model

This paper presents the results obtained from the modelling of the mortality data in Ecuador from 1990 to 2010, using the StMoMo library in the open source programming language R. This library was developed based on the Generalized Age-Period-Cohort Models (GAPC), among which is the Lee-Carter model, which has been widely applied in the actuarial area. The gross mortality rate of men and women in an age range of 1 to 85 years was modelled for the data of Ecuador, in the period 1990-2010. Of a total of eight models, two models have been selected because they present a good fit of the data for both genders. The first is the basic model of Lee-Carter and the second, the Plat model, which incorporates the cohort effect. A comparison was made with the two models to determine which one has a better forecast in a horizon of 20 years for specific ages. Both models show and predict the decrease in mortality in Ecuador of both genders, a decrease that is more pronounced, in general, for women at certain ages. In determining the uncertainty of the models, the bootstrap technique was used to define the confidence intervals of the adjusted model. The GAPC and ARIMA models were also compared; the former improve the mortality forecasting.

scholarly journals Welfare Impact of Globalization in Developing Countries: Examining the Mediating Role of Human Capital

Economies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olagunju ◽  
Ogunniyi ◽  
Oguntegbe ◽  
Raji ◽  
Ogundari
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Child Mortality Rate

Despite remarkable progress in the fight against poverty during the past few decades, the proportion of the poor living in developing countries is still on the high side. Many countries have promoted integration as an important development strategy; however, its impact on welfare of the poor is still unclear. In this study, we examine the roles of education and health dimensions of human capital in globalization and its impact on the poverty gap and the child mortality rate using cross-country panel data covering 110 developing countries between 1970 and 2015. We use a model based on system generalized method of moments (SGMM) to control for unobserved heterogeneity and potential endogeneity of the explanatory variables. The empirical results reveal that globalization reduces poverty gap and child mortality rate, and that an increase in the stock of human capital in developing economies improves welfare outcomes. The study also finds that human capital strengthens the negative impact of globalization on poverty gap and child mortality rate. For example, should enrollment in secondary school in Nigeria (in 2013) be increased from 39.2% to 61.6%, on average, it could translate into 2508 fewer under-five child deaths. We recommend that interconnectedness and promotion of human capital development should constitute a fundamental component of policy mix targeted at enhancing reduction of poverty and child mortality rate in developing countries.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document