Current State and Future Directions of Intranasal Delivery Route for Central Nervous System Disorders: A Scientometric and Visualization Analysis

Background: The management of various central nervous system (CNS) disorders has been challenging, due to highly compact blood-brain barrier (BBB) impedes the access of most pharmacological agents to the brain. Among multiple strategies proposed to circumvent this challenge, intranasal delivery route has sparked great interest for brain targeting in the past decades. The aim of this study was to apply scientometric method to estimate the current status and future trends of the field from a holistic perspective.Methods: All relevant publications during 1998–2020 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (SCIE, 1998-present). Two different scientometric software including VOS viewer and CiteSpace, and one online platform were used to conduct co-authorship, co-citation, and co-occurrence analysis of journals, countries, institutes, authors, references and keywords.Results: A total of 2,928 documents, including 2,456 original articles and 472 reviews, were retrieved. Our analysis revealed a significant increasing trend in the total number of scientific publications over the past 2 decades (R2 = 0.98). The United States dominated the field, reflecting in the largest amount of publications (971), the highest H-index (99), and extensive international collaboration. Jamia Hamdard contributed to most publications. Frey WH and Illum L were key researchers with the highest number of publications and citations, respectively. The International Journal of Pharmaceutics was the most influential academic journal, and Pharmacology/Pharmacy and Neurosciences/Neurology were the hottest research categories in this field. Based on keywords occurrence analysis, four main topics were identified, and the current research focus of this field has shifted from cluster 4 (pathways and mechanisms of intranasal delivery) to cluster 2 (the study of nasal drug delivery systems), especially the nanostructured and nano-sized carrier systems. Keywords burst detection revealed that the research focus on oxidative stress, drug delivery, neuroinflammation, nanostructured lipid carrier, and formulation deserves our continued attention.Conclusion: To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first scientometric analysis regarding intranasal delivery research. This study has demonstrated a comprehensive knowledge map, development landscape and future directions of intranasal delivery research, which provides a practical and valuable reference for scholars and policymakers in this field.

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Concept of Sharir in Nasya karma

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research ◽

10.30750/ijpbr.7.1.2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (01) ◽

pp. 05-06

Author(s):

Navin Banarase

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Blood Brain Barrier ◽

Nasal Mucosa ◽

Medical Science ◽

Brain Barrier ◽

Blood Brain ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Delivery Route

Nasya is one of the most important Panchakarma procedures done in Ayurveda. It is mostly done for the Urdhvajatrugata Vikara. The drug has effects on the Central Nervous System also. Hence it is important to elaborate on the concept of Sharir according to Ayurveda and Modern Medical Science to understand this drug delivery route. Nasya gives the drug mainly gets absorbed by capillaries in the nasal mucosa and also crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) as mostly the drug is prepared in the form of Sneha. This article will explain the Sharir concept related to the Nasya procedure.

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Intranasal Drug Delivery: How, Why and What for?

Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.18433/j3nc79 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 288 ◽

Cited By ~ 239

Author(s):

Anaísa Pires ◽

Ana Fortuna ◽

Gilberto Alves ◽

Amílcar Falcão

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Nasal Mucosa ◽

Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽

Intranasal Delivery ◽

Intranasal Drug Delivery ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Nasal Anatomy ◽

Therapeutic Compounds

Over the last decade the interest in intranasal delivery as a non-invasive route for drug administration has been exponentially increased. Since the nasal mucosa offers numerous benefits as a target issue for drug delivery, a wide variety of therapeutic compounds may be administered intranasally for topic, systemic and central nervous system action. The present paper reviews the relevant aspects of nasal anatomy, physiology and histology, and refers to the biological, physicochemical and pharmaceutical factors that must be considered during the process of discovery and development of nasal drugs as well as in their incorporation in appropriate nasal pharmaceutical formulations.

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Microemulsion-Based Media in Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13020201 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 201

Author(s):

Anna Froelich ◽

Tomasz Osmałek ◽

Barbara Jadach ◽

Vinam Puri ◽

Bozena Michniak-Kohn

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Nasal Cavity ◽

Drug Carrier ◽

Brain Targeting ◽

Current Status ◽

Brain Drug Delivery ◽

Delivery Routes ◽

The Central Nervous System

Nose-to-brain drug delivery has recently attracted enormous attention as an alternative to other delivery routes, including the most popular oral one. Due to the unique anatomical features of the nasal cavity, drugs administered intranasally can be delivered directly to the central nervous system. The most important advantage of this approach is the ability to avoid the blood–brain barrier surrounding the brain and blocking the entry of exogenous substances to the central nervous system. Moreover, selective brain targeting could possibly avoid peripheral side effects of pharmacotherapy. The challenges associated with nose-to-brain drug delivery are mostly due to the small volume of the nasal cavity and insufficient drug absorption from nasal mucosa. These issues could be minimized by using a properly designed drug carrier. Microemulsions as potential drug delivery systems offer good solubilizing properties and the ability to enhance drug permeation through biological membranes. The aim of this review is to summarize the current status of the research focused on microemulsion-based systems for nose-to-brain delivery with special attention to the most extensively investigated neurological and psychiatric conditions, such as neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy, and schizophrenia.

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Response Surface Methodology Assisted Development and Optimization of DB213 In Situ Thermosensitive Gel for Intranasal Delivery to the Central Nervous System

10.26226/morressier.57d6b2b8d462b8028d88d6c4 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Qianwen Wang

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Intranasal Delivery ◽

Thermosensitive Gel ◽

The Central Nervous System

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Nanoparticle-mediated Drug Delivery Systems (DDS) in the Central Nervous System

Current Organic Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1385272820666161017170325 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 272-283 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Guilong Zhang ◽

Lukui Chen ◽

Xiaoyuan Guo ◽

Ahsan Khan ◽

Yuchun Gu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

The Central Nervous System

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Harnessing the Capacity of Cell-Penetrating Peptides for Drug Delivery to the Central Nervous System

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology ◽

10.2174/1389201015666140617094952 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 220-230 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Ting Kang ◽

Xiaoling Gao ◽

Jun Chen

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Cell Penetrating Peptides ◽

Cell Penetrating ◽

The Central Nervous System

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The Past, Present and Future of Flow Cytometry in Central Nervous System Malignancies

Methods and Protocols ◽

10.3390/mps4010011 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

Evrysthenis Vartholomatos ◽

George Vartholomatos ◽

George A. Alexiou ◽

Georgios S. Markopoulos

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Flow Cytometry ◽

Nervous System ◽

Therapeutic Agents ◽

Phenotypic Characterization ◽

Cell Phenotype ◽

Analytical Technique ◽

The Past ◽

Current Review

Central nervous system malignancies (CNSMs) are categorized among the most aggressive and deadly types of cancer. The low median survival in patients with CNSMs is partly explained by the objective difficulties of brain surgeries as well as by the acquired chemoresistance of CNSM cells. Flow Cytometry is an analytical technique with the ability to quantify cell phenotype and to categorize cell populations on the basis of their characteristics. In the current review, we summarize the Flow Cytometry methodologies that have been used to study different phenotypic aspects of CNSMs. These include DNA content analysis for the determination of malignancy status and phenotypic characterization, as well as the methodologies used during the development of novel therapeutic agents. We conclude with the historical and current utility of Flow Cytometry in the field, and we propose how we can exploit current and possible future methodologies in the battle against this dreadful type of malignancy.

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