scholarly journals Minimally Invasive Image-Guided Gut Transport Function Measurement Probe

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
David O. Otuya ◽  
Evangelia Gavgiotaki ◽  
Camella J. Carlson ◽  
Serena Q. Shi ◽  
Ariel J. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Optical Probe ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Skin Area ◽  
Gut Permeability ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Sugar Absorption ◽  
Image Guided ◽  
Infectious Gastroenteritis

Introduction: Diseases such as celiac disease, environmental enteric dysfunction, infectious gastroenteritis, type II diabetes and inflammatory bowel disease are associated with increased gut permeability. Dual sugar absorption tests, such as the lactulose to rhamnose ratio (L:R) test, are the current standard for measuring gut permeability. Although easy to administer in adults, the L:R test has a number of drawbacks. These include an inability to assess for spatial heterogeneity in gut permeability that may distinguish different disease severity or pathology, additional sample collection for immunoassays, and challenges in carrying out the test in certain populations such as infants and small children. Here, we demonstrate a minimally invasive probe for real-time localized gut permeability evaluation through gut potential difference (GPD) measurement.Materials and Methods: The probe has an outer diameter of 1.2 mm diameter and can be deployed in the gut of unsedated subjects via a transnasal introduction tube (TNIT) that is akin to an intestinal feeding tube. The GPD probe consists of an Ag/AgCl electrode, an optical probe and a perfusion channel all housed within a transparent sheath. Lactated Ringer’s (LR) solution is pumped through the perfusion channel to provide ionic contact between the electrodes and the gut lining. The optical probe captures non-scanning (M-mode) OCT images to confirm electrode contact with the gut lining. A separate skin patch probe is placed over an abraded skin area to provide reference for the GPD measurements. Swine studies were conducted to validate the GPD probe. GPD in the duodenum was modulated by perfusing 45 ml of 45 mM glucose.Results: GPD values of −13.1 ± 2.8 mV were measured in the duodenum across four swine studies. The change in GPD in the duodenum with the addition of glucose was −10.5 ± 2.4 mV (p < 0.001). M-mode OCT images provided electrode-tissue contact information, which was vital in ascertaining the probe’s proximity to the gut mucosa.Conclusion: We developed and demonstrated a minimally invasive method for investigating gastrointestinal permeability consisting of an image guided GPD probe that can be used in unsedated subjects.

scholarly journals Image-guided Percutaneous Drainage in the Pediatric Population: A Primer for Radiologists

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keerthi Arani ◽  
Kiran Nandalur ◽  
Christina M Tucker ◽  
David A Bloom
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Percutaneous Drainage ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Image Guided ◽  
Pictorial Essay ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Patient Preparation ◽  
The Common

Image-guided percutaneous drainage is an excellent minimally invasive method for dealing with infectious complications in the pediatric population. A thorough understanding of drainage procedures in children can often lead to improved patient outcomes. Indications for percutaneous drainage will be reviewed, including abscesses related to appendicitis, post-surgical abscess formation, and abscesses related to Crohn's disease. This pictorial essay will help the radiologist better understand the common etiologies of abscesses in children that may require percutaneous drainage, the special considerations for catheter placement, patient preparation, and anesthesia or sedation issues unique to the pediatric population.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Portable Biosensors for Biomarker Detection in Body Fluids

Biosensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Senf ◽  
Woon-Hong Yeo ◽  
Jong-Hoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Biomarker Detection ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Less Invasive ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Detection Of Biomarkers

A recent development in portable biosensors allows rapid, accurate, and on-site detection of biomarkers, which helps to prevent disease spread by the control of sources. Less invasive sample collection is necessary to use portable biosensors in remote environments for accurate on-site diagnostics and testing. For non- or minimally invasive sampling, easily accessible body fluids, such as saliva, sweat, blood, or urine, have been utilized. It is also imperative to find accurate biomarkers to provide better clinical intervention and treatment at the onset of disease. At the same time, these reliable biomarkers can be utilized to monitor the progress of the disease. In this review, we summarize the most recent development of portable biosensors to detect various biomarkers accurately. In addition, we discuss ongoing issues and limitations of the existing systems and methods. Lastly, we present the key requirements of portable biosensors and discuss ideas for functional enhancements.

scholarly journals EMBOLIZATION OF RENAL ANGIOMYOLIPOMA: CASE SERIES

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghania Masood ◽  
Iffat Rehman ◽  
Saquib Khawar ◽  
Khurram A Mufti ◽  
Imran K. Niazi
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Renal Angiomyolipoma ◽  
Minimally Invasive Procedure ◽  
Benign Lesions ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Spontaneous Haemorrhage

Renal angiomyolipomas (AML) are benign lesions usually left alone. However, lesions larger than 4 cm carry the risk of spontaneous haemorrhage and need treatment. Angiography and embolisation are the current standard of care particularly in patients with high operative risks. Angio-embolisation is a safe, minimally invasive procedure preserving maximum renal parenchyma, with the added advantage of preventing peri-procedural morbidity. Two cases of AML are presented in this case series. Key words: Angiomyolipoma, embolisation, renal 

scholarly journals A Minimally Invasive Technique for Serial Intraosseous Perfusion Measurements in the Murine Tibia Using Laser Doppler Flowmetry

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J Hanne ◽  
Elizabeth D Easter ◽  
Sandra Stangeland-Molo ◽  
Jacqueline H Cole
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Laser Doppler Flowmetry ◽  
Laser Doppler ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
List Type ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Modified Technique ◽  
Doppler Flowmetry

AbstractIn biomedical and preclinical research, the current standard method for measuring blood perfusion inside murine bone, radiolabeled microspheres, is a terminal procedure that cannot be used to monitor longitudinal perfusion changes. Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) can quantify perfusion within the proximal tibial metaphysis of mice in vivo but requires a surgical procedure to place the measurement probe directly onto the bone surface. Sustained inflammation for over a month following this technique was previously reported, and previous studies have used LDF as an endpoint-only procedure. We developed a modified, minimally invasive LDF procedure to measure intraosseous perfusion in the murine tibia without stimulating local or systemic inflammation or inducing gait abnormalities. This modified technique can be used to measure perfusion weekly for up to at least a month. Unlike previous endpoint-only techniques, this modified LDF procedure can be performed weekly to monitor serial changes to intraosseous perfusion in the murine tibiaThe modified LDF technique utilizes a smaller, more localized incision to minimize invasiveness and speed recovery

Miniaturized Cutting Tool With Triaxial Force Sensing Capabilities for Minimally Invasive Surgery

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Valdastri ◽  
Keith Houston ◽  
Arianna Menciassi ◽  
Paolo Dario ◽  
Arne Sieber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Haptic Feedback ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Force Sensor ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Muscular Tissue ◽  
Force Output ◽  
Force Range ◽  
Minimally Invasive Robotic Surgery

This paper reports a miniaturized triaxial force sensorized cutting tool for minimally invasive robotic surgery. This device exploits a silicon-based microelectromechanical system triaxial force sensor that acts as the core component of the system. The outer diameter of the proposed device is less than 3mm, thus enabling the insertion through a 9 French catheter guide. Characterization tests are performed for both normal and tangential loadings. A linear transformation relating the sensor output to the external applied force is introduced in order to have a triaxial force output in real time. Normal force resolution is 8.2bits over a force range between 0N and 30N, while tangential resolution is 7 bits over a range of 5N. Force signals with frequencies up to 250Hz can successfully be detected, enabling haptic feedback and tissue mechanical properties investigation. Preliminary ex vivo muscular tissue cutting experiments are introduced and discussed in order to evaluate the device overall performances.

Software architecture for robotically assisted and image-guided minimally invasive interventions

2002 ◽  
pp. 218-223
Author(s):  
Kevin Cleary ◽  
Alexandru Patriciu ◽  
Sheng Xu ◽  
Mihai Mocanu ◽  
Dan Stoianovici
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Software Architecture ◽  
Image Guided

scholarly journals Shrinking of a Tarlov cyst

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. e227256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kieran P Murphy ◽  
Susannah Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Minimally Invasive Procedures ◽  
Invasive Procedures ◽  
Tarlov Cyst ◽  
Image Guided ◽  
Tarlov Cysts ◽  
Caucasian Women ◽  
The Right

A 65-year-old patient presenting with left labial and perirectal pain was diagnosed with bilateral Tarlov cysts. Upon treatment of the left Tarlov cyst (the right was asymptomatic) using image-guided aspiration and subsequent injection of the cyst with fibrin sealant, the cyst reduced in size. To our knowledge, there are currently no other documented cases in which the Tarlov cyst reduced in size following this procedure. This case would seem to suggest that clinicians are poorly informed with regard to Tarlov cysts. These cysts are more common in Caucasian women, many of whom are told their cysts are not responsible for their pain or that they are not treatable. However, there is clear evidence that some Tarlov cysts are symptomatic and minimally invasive procedures have been developed to treat them. As they primarily occur in women, it is possible gender bias may also play a role in the delayed diagnosis of the patient’s pain.

scholarly journals Shedding light on gene therapy: Carbon dots for the minimally invasive image-guided delivery of plasmids and noncoding RNAs - A review

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 81-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Mohammadinejad ◽  
Arezoo Dadashzadeh ◽  
Saeid Moghassemi ◽  
Milad Ashrafizadeh ◽  
Ali Dehshahri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Image Guided

scholarly journals Water Jet Applicator for Interface Tissue Removal in Minimally Invasive Hip Refixation: Testing the Principle and Design of Prototype

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gert Kraaij ◽  
Arjo J. Loeve ◽  
Jenny Dankelman ◽  
Rob G. H. H. Nelissen ◽  
Edward R. Valstar
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Minimal Invasive ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Tissue Removal ◽  
Further Development

Mechanical loosening of implants is in the majority accompanied with a periprosthetic interface membrane, which has to be removed during revision surgery. The same is true if a minimal invasive (percutaneous) refixation of a loose implant is done. We describe the requirements for a waterjet applicator for interface tissue removal for this percutaneous hip refixation technique. The technical requirements were either obtained from a literature review, a theoretical analysis, or by experimental setup. Based on the requirements, a waterjet applicator is designed which is basically a flexible tube (outer diameter 3 mm) with two channels. One channel for the water supply (diameter 0.9 mm) and one for suction to evacuate water and morcellated interface tissue from the periprosthetic cavity. The applicator has a rigid tip (length 6 mm), which directs the water flow to create two waterjets (diameter 0.2 mm), both focused into the suction channel. The functionality of this new applicator is demonstrated by testing a prototype of the applicator tip in an in vitro experimental setup. This testing has shown that the designed applicator for interface tissue removal will eliminate the risk of water pressure buildup; the ejected water was immediately evacuated from the periprosthetic cavity. Blocking of the suction opening was prevented because the jets cut through interface tissue that gets in front of the suction channel. Although further development of the water applicator is necessary, the presented design of the applicator is suitable for interface tissue removal in a minimally invasive hip refixation procedure.

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