scholarly journals Pancreatic Stellate Cells: A Rising Translational Physiology Star as a Potential Stem Cell Type for Beta Cell Neogenesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunting Zhou ◽  
Bo Sun ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Junming Zhou ◽  
Feng Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Stellate Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Stellate Cells ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Stem Cell Type ◽  
Beta Cell Neogenesis

Abstract 17093: Human Neonatal Cardiac Mesenchymal Stem Cells Demonstrates Superior Cardiac Regenerative Abilities Compared to Other Stem Cells

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muthukumar Gunasekaran ◽  
Rachana Mishra ◽  
Progyaparamita Saha ◽  
Xuebin Fu ◽  
Mohamed Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Stem Cell Type

Stem cells transplantation is being explored as an effective therapy for heart diseases. However, majority of stem cell therapies for adult patients with myocardial infarction (MI) had mixed and inconsistent results implying chronological age may influence the effectiveness of regenerative therapies. Therefore, herein, we performed a head-to-head comparison between different, well-studied stem cell types to identify the superior regenerative cell type using rodent MI model.After our standard characterization for each stem cell type (FACS for cell surface markers), 1 million neonatal Cardiac Mesenchymal Stem cells (nMSCs), adult MSCs (aMSCs), adult derived cardiosphere derived cells (aCDCs), umbilical cord derived cells (UCBCs), Bone Marrow derived Mesenchymal Stem cells (BM-MSCs), or cell-free Iscove Modified Dulbecco Medium (IMDM as placebo control) were injected into athymic rat myocardial infarct model. Although all the tested groups significantly improved ejection fraction, nMSCs outperformed other stem cells in cardiac functional recovery. Additionally, nMSCs also showed significant increased cardiac functional recovery compared to aMSCs in wild type rat MI model. Mason trichrome staining with heart sections revealed that decreased fibrosis was evident on nMSCs injection compared to aMSCs in both athymic and wild type rat MI model. Myocardial sections from rats received nMSCs showed significantly reduced M1 macrophages (inflammatory) and increased M2 macrophages (anti-inflammatory) compared with sections from rats having received aMSCs and IMDM control. Pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines analyzed on sera collected on day 2 and 7 revealed that anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL10) was significantly increased and inflammatory cytokines (IL4 and IL12) reduced in nMSCs compared to aMSCs transplanted MI rat model.In conclusion, nMSCs demonstrated superior functional abilities, reduced fibrosis, inflammatory cells and cytokines compared to all the other cell types and with aMSCs demonstrating that nMSCs is an ideal stem cell type for therapeutic application in myocardial infarction.

scholarly journals Stem-cell-ubiquitous genes spatiotemporally coordinate division through regulation of stem-cell-specific gene networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie M. Clark ◽  
Eli Buckner ◽  
Adam P. Fisher ◽  
Emily C. Nelson ◽  
Thomas T. Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Gene Networks ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Cell Renewal ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Stem Cell Maintenance ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
Stem Cell Type

AbstractStem cells are responsible for generating all of the differentiated cells, tissues, and organs in a multicellular organism and, thus, play a crucial role in cell renewal, regeneration, and organization. A number of stem cell type-specific genes have a known role in stem cell maintenance, identity, and/or division. Yet, how genes expressed across different stem cell types, referred to here as stem-cell-ubiquitous genes, contribute to stem cell regulation is less understood. Here, we find that, in the Arabidopsis root, a stem-cell-ubiquitous gene, TESMIN-LIKE CXC2 (TCX2), controls stem cell division by regulating stem cell-type specific networks. Development of a mathematical model of TCX2 expression allows us to show that TCX2 orchestrates the coordinated division of different stem cell types. Our results highlight that genes expressed across different stem cell types ensure cross-communication among cells, allowing them to divide and develop harmonically together.

scholarly journals Regenerative Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Contribution of Muse Cells, a Novel Pluripotent Stem Cell Type that Resides in Mesenchymal Cells

Cells ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 1045-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shohei Wakao ◽  
Yasumasa Kuroda ◽  
Fumitaka Ogura ◽  
Taeko Shigemoto ◽  
Mari Dezawa
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Mesenchymal Cells ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Muse Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Type

scholarly journals Scientists stumble across unknown stem-cell type

Nature ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Reardon
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Stem Cell Type

scholarly journals How to Improve the Survival of Transplanted Mesenchymal Stem Cell in Ischemic Heart?

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liangpeng Li ◽  
Xiongwen Chen ◽  
Wei Eric Wang ◽  
Chunyu Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Cardiac Repair ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
New Strategies ◽  
Stem Cell Type

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) is an intensely studied stem cell type applied for cardiac repair. For decades, the preclinical researches on animal model and clinical trials have suggested that MSC transplantation exerts therapeutic effect on ischemic heart disease. However, there remain major limitations to be overcome, one of which is the very low survival rate after transplantation in heart tissue. Various strategies have been tried to improve the MSC survival, and many of them showed promising results. In this review, we analyzed the studies in recent years to summarize the methods, effects, and mechanisms of the new strategies to address this question.

Contextual regulation of pancreatic cancer stem cell phenotype and radioresistance by pancreatic stellate cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osama Al-Assar ◽  
Fevzi Demiciorglu ◽  
Serena Lunardi ◽  
Maria Manuela Gaspar-Carvalho ◽  
William Gillies McKenna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cancer Stem Cell ◽  
Stellate Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Stellate Cells ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Cancer Stem Cell Phenotype ◽  
Stem Cell Phenotype

scholarly journals NMR Metabolomics for Stem Cell type discrimination

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Franca Castiglione ◽  
Monica Ferro ◽  
Evangelos Mavroudakis ◽  
Rosalia Pellitteri ◽  
Patrizia Bossolasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Nmr Metabolomics ◽  
Stem Cell Type

scholarly journals Activation of Pancreatic Stellate Cells Is Beneficial for Exocrine but Not Endocrine Cell Differentiation in the Developing Human Pancreas

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinming Li ◽  
Bijun Chen ◽  
George F. Fellows ◽  
Cynthia G. Goodyer ◽  
Rennian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Islet Cell ◽  
Stellate Cell ◽  
Stellate Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Tissue ◽  
Pancreatic Stellate Cells ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
Human Pancreas ◽  
Pancreatic Development

Pancreatic stellate cells (PaSCs) are non-endocrine, mesenchymal-like cells that reside within the peri-pancreatic tissue of the rodent and human pancreas. PaSCs regulate extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover in maintaining the integrity of pancreatic tissue architecture. Although there is evidence indicating that PaSCs are involved in islet cell survival and function, its role in islet cell differentiation during human pancreatic development remains unclear. The present study examines the expression pattern and functional role of PaSCs in islet cell differentiation of the developing human pancreas from late 1st to 2nd trimester of pregnancy. The presence of PaSCs in human pancreata (8–22 weeks of fetal age) was characterized by ultrastructural, immunohistological, quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting approaches. Using human fetal PaSCs derived from pancreata at 14–16 weeks, freshly isolated human fetal islet-epithelial cell clusters (hIECCs) were co-cultured with active or inactive PaSCs in vitro. Ultrastructural and immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated a population of PaSCs near ducts and newly formed islets that appeared to make complex cell-cell dendritic-like contacts. A small subset of PaSCs co-localized with pancreatic progenitor-associated transcription factors (PDX1, SOX9, and NKX6-1). PaSCs were highly proliferative, with significantly higher mRNA and protein levels of PaSC markers (desmin, αSMA) during the 1st trimester of pregnancy compared to the 2nd trimester. Isolated human fetal PaSCs were identified by expression of stellate cell markers and ECM. Suppression of PaSC activation, using all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), resulted in reduced PaSC proliferation and ECM proteins. Co-culture of hIECCs, directly on PaSCs or indirectly using Millicell® Inserts or using PaSC-conditioned medium, resulted in a reduction the number of insulin+ cells but a significant increase in the number of amylase+ cells. Suppression of PaSC activation or Notch activity during the co-culture resulted in an increase in beta-cell differentiation. This study determined that PaSCs, abundant during the 1st trimester of pancreatic development but decreased in the 2nd trimester, are located near ductal and islet structures. Direct and indirect co-cultures of hIECCs with PaSCs suggest that activation of PaSCs has opposing effects on beta-cell and exocrine cell differentiation during human fetal pancreas development, and that these effects may be dependent on Notch signaling.

Pancreatic stellate cells enhance stem cell-like phenotypes in pancreatic cancer cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 421 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin Hamada ◽  
Atsushi Masamune ◽  
Tetsuya Takikawa ◽  
Noriaki Suzuki ◽  
Kazuhiro Kikuta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Stellate Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Stellate Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer Cells ◽  
Enhance Stem Cell
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