scholarly journals Evidence for Training-Induced Changes in miRNA Levels in the Skeletal Muscle of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Simaitis ◽  
Benedikt Schulte-Körne ◽  
Thorsten Schiffer ◽  
Wilhelm Bloch ◽  
Hans-Georg Predel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Micro Rnas ◽  
Study Results

Physical training can improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the underlying mechanisms are not entirely clear. An interesting piece of the puzzle could be the regulation of micro-RNAs (miRNAs). They are important modulators of protein expression. Some miRNAs were found to be both linked to poor glycemic control/insulin resistance (with evidence from in vivo and/or in vitro studies) and dysregulated in the skeletal muscle of T2DM patients. This pilot study examines whether a 3-month endurance training program [three times a week, 70–80% peak heart rate (HRpeak)] can down-regulate their levels in T2DM men (n = 7). One skeletal muscle biopsy sample was obtained from each patient at T1 (6 weeks pre-intervention), one at T2 (1 week pre-intervention) and one at T3 (3–4 days post-intervention). miRNA-27a-3p, −29a-3p, −29b-3p, −29c-3p, −106b-5p, −135a-5p, −143-3p, −144-3p, −194-5p, and − 206 levels were determined by RT-qPCR. Friedman ANOVA and post-hoc tests showed that miRNA-29b-3p, −29c-3p and -135a-5p levels were significantly reduced post-training (T3 vs. T2 and/or T1). Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and HOMA insulin resistance index did not change significantly. However, HbA1c was reduced in 6 of 7 patients post-training. Furthermore, Spearman’s rank correlation analyses with all values from all time points showed significant negative associations between miRNA-29c-3p, −106b-5p, −144-3p and −194-5p levels and cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak). The study results imply that regular exercise and improving one’s physical fitness is helpful for the regulation of skeletal muscle miRNAs in T2DM patients. Whether or not changes in the miRNA profile can affect the clinical situation of T2DM patients warrants further research.

scholarly journals Correlation Between Lipid Profile with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Progression

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Angiesta Pinakesty ◽  
Restu Noor Azizah
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Hba1c Levels

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a non-communicable disease that has increased from year to year. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is not caused by lack of insulin secretion, but is caused by the failure of the body's cells to respond to the hormone insulin (insulin resistance). Insulin resistance was found to be a major contributor to atherogenic dyslipidemia. Dyslipidemia in DM risks 2 to 4 times higher than non-DM. Although dyslipidemia has a great risk for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, this conventional risk factor only explains a portion (25%) of excess cardiovascular risk in type 2 DM. Discussion: In uncontrolled type 2 DM patients, LDL oxidation occurs faster which results from an increase in chronic blood glucose levels. Glycemic control as a determinant of DM progressivity is determined through HbA1c examination. HbA1c levels are associated with blood triglyceride levels. Meanwhile, triglyceride levels are associated with total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol levels. HbA1c levels are also associated with LDL cholesterol levels. Conclusion: There is a relationship between lipid profile and the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus.   Keywords: type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, HbA1c, glycemic control, lipid profile

Effects of Pinitol on Glycemic Control, Insulin Resistance and Adipocytokine Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Jin Kim ◽  
Kang Seo Park ◽  
Seong Kyu Lee ◽  
Kyung Wan Min ◽  
Kyung Ah Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control

scholarly journals Changes in microvascular density differentiate metabolic health outcomes in monkeys with prior radiation exposure and subsequent skeletal muscle ECM remodeling

2017 ◽  
Vol 313 (3) ◽  
pp. R290-R297 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Fanning ◽  
B. Pfisterer ◽  
A. T. Davis ◽  
T. D. Presley ◽  
I. M. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Microvascular Density ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Ecm Remodeling

Radiation exposure accelerates the onset of age-related diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and neoplasia and, thus, lends insight into in vivo mechanisms common to these disorders. Fibrosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, which occur with aging and overnutrition and following irradiation, are risk factors for development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. We previously demonstrated an increased incidence of skeletal muscle insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus in monkeys that had been exposed to whole body irradiation 5–9 yr prior. We hypothesized that irradiation-induced fibrosis alters muscle architecture, predisposing irradiated animals to insulin resistance and overt diabetes. Rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta, n = 7–8/group) grouped as nonirradiated age-matched controls (Non-Rad-CTL), irradiated nondiabetic monkeys (Rad-CTL), and irradiated monkeys that subsequently developed diabetes (Rad-DM) were compared. Prior radiation exposure resulted in persistent skeletal muscle ECM changes, including a relative overabundance of collagen IV and a trend toward increased transforming growth factor-β1. Preservation of microvascular markers differentiated the irradiated diabetic and nondiabetic groups. Microvascular density and plasma nitrate and heat shock protein 90 levels were lower in Rad-DM than Rad-CTL. These results are consistent with a protective effect of abundant microvasculature in maintaining glycemic control within radiation-induced fibrotic muscle.

scholarly journals Effects of Encapsulated Propolis on Blood Glycemic Control, Lipid Metabolism, and Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yajing Li ◽  
Minli Chen ◽  
Hongzhuan Xuan ◽  
Fuliang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Density Lipoprotein

The present study investigates the encapsulated propolis on blood glycemic control, lipid metabolism, and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats. The animal characteristics and biological assays of body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting serum insulin (FINS), insulin act index (IAI), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured and euglycemic hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp technique were used to determine these effects. Our findings show that oral administration of encapsulated propolis can significantly inhibit the increasing of FBG and TG in T2DM rats and can improve IAI and M value in euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp experiment. There was no significant effects on body weight, TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C in T2DM rats treated with encapsulated propolis. In conclusion, the results indicate that encapsulated propolis can control blood glucose, modulate lipid metabolism, and improve the insulin sensitivity in T2DM rats.

scholarly journals The insulin resistance indices: necessity and opportunities in type 2 diabetes mellitus management

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 529-535
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Sorokina ◽  
O. V. Zanozina ◽  
A. D. Postnikova
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Tissue Sensitivity

The article provides a review of the literature on the possibilities of using various indices of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) treatment. The main mechanisms of insulin resistance and its role in the formation of type 2 diabetes mellitus and other metabolic disorders are described. The main indices of insulin resistance, used in real clinical practice nowadays, are considered. Methods of their calculation are given. The effect of metformin and incretin active medications on insulin resistance is described. It was shown that the combination of these medications improves tissue sensitivity to insulin in patients with T2DM. Standard indicators for assessing glycemic control, such as fasting glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), do not reflect the patient’s lipid metabolism. The use of insulin resistance assessment indices in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus allows both, exercising glycemic control, and the metabolic disorders, often associated with carbohydrate metabolism disorders, monitoring. Using insulin resistance indices, it is possible to select the optimal treatment regimen for type 2 diabetes mellitus for a particular patient, to predict and evaluate the effectiveness of treatment in dynamics. Simple, generally available laboratory indicators and anthropometric data are used to calculate the indices of insulin resistance, and they are easy to measure. In this regard, the use of insulin resistance indices is possible in routine clinical practice.

scholarly journals Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate insulin resistance via PTEN-mediated crosstalk between the PI3K/Akt and Erk/MAPKs signaling pathways in the skeletal muscles of db/db mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Chen ◽  
Xiao-yan Fan ◽  
Xiao-peng Zheng ◽  
Yue-lei Jin ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Human Umbilical Cord ◽  
Tail Vein Injection ◽  
Ameliorate Insulin Resistance

Abstract Background: Globally, 1 in 11 adults have diabetes mellitus and 90% of the cases are type 2 diabetes mellitus. Asia is the epicenter of this global type 2 diabetes mellitus epidemic. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications have contributed significantly to the burden of mortality and disability worldwide. Insulin resistance is a central defect in type 2 diabetes mellitus, and although multiple drugs have been developed to ameliorate insulin resistance, the limitations and accompanying side effects cannot be ignored. Thus more effective methods are required to improve insulin resistance. Methods: In the current study, db/m and db/db mice were injected with human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HUC-MSCs) via tail vein injection, intraperitoneal injection and skeletal muscle injection. Body weight, fasting blood glucose and the survival rates were monitored. Furthermore, the anti-insulin resistance effects and potential mechanisms of transplanted HUC-MSCs were investigated in db/db mice in vivo. Results: The results showed that HUC-MSC transplantation by skeletal muscle injection was safer compared with tail vein injection and intraperitoneal injection, and the survival rate reached 100% in the skeletal muscle injection transplanted mice. HUC-MSCs can stabilize localization and differentiation in skeletal muscle tissue and significantly ameliorate insulin resistance. Potential regulatory mechanisms are associated with downregulation of inflammation; regulating the balance between PI3K/Akt and ERK/MAPK signaling pathway via PTEN, but was not associated with the IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling pathway. Conclusions: These results suggest HUC-MSC transplantation may be a novel therapeutic direction to prevent insulin resistance and increase insulin sensitivity, and skeletal muscle injection was the safest and most effective way.

scholarly journals Association of Serum Adipokines Levels with Glycemic Control and Metabolic Dyslipidemia in Sudanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halima Babiikir Eltahir ◽  
Elmahadi Mohamed Ali ◽  
Abdelrahim Osman Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
P Value

Abstract Background:The pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus is due to two major abnormalities including insulin resistance and dysfunction, which lead to the inability to regulate blood glucose level. Adiponectin is a hormone secreted by the adipose tissue and it takes part in glucose metabolism with insulin-sensitising properties. Low levels of adiponectin leads to reduction of fatty acid oxidation decreased glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells and increased level of free fatty acids leading to insulin resistance. Leptin is another adipokine produced by adipose tissue involved in the control of food intake via its action on the hypothalamus, suppressing appetite and stimulating energy expenditure. Leptin plays a critical role in pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus.The aim of the study was to investigate the association of serum adipokines levels with glycemic control and metabolic dyslipidemia in Sudanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: This was a case control study. 202 patients with type 2 diabetes and 102 non-diabetic controls participated after signing written consent. Weight (kg) and height (m) were measured thenthe body mass index (kg/m2) was determined. Blood samples were collected after an overnight fasting. FBG, HbA1c and lipid profiles were measured using enzymatic methods. Adiponectin and leptin were measured using sandwich ELISA.Results: Adiponectin concentrations was significantly lower in patients with type 2 diabetes compared with the controls (p<0.001) and it was inversely correlated with HbA1c (Pearson Correlation -.160, P value = 0.005), total cholesterol and LDL levels (P = 0.05) and direct correlated HDL levels (P = 0.05). Leptin concentrations was significantly higher in patients with type 2 diabetes compared with the controls (p<0.002) and it was positively correlated with HbA1c (Pearson Correlation .155, P value = 0.02), total cholesterol and LDL levels (P = 0.05), there were no correlation with HDL and TG levels. Patients had significantly higher fasting blood glucose, HbA1c levels, total cholesterol and LDL levels compared with the controls. Conclusion: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus had decreased levels of serum adiponectin, high levels of serum leptin. There were significant correlations found between adiponectin and leptin levels with glycemic control and metabolic dyslipidemia

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