scholarly journals Mechanical, Cardiorespiratory, and Muscular Oxygenation Responses to Sprint Interval Exercises Under Different Hypoxic Conditions in Healthy Moderately Trained Men

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Solsona ◽  
Hugues Berthelot ◽  
Fabio Borrani ◽  
Anthony M. J. Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Peak Power ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Average Power ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Additional Stress ◽  
Peripheral Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of sprint interval exercises (SIT) conducted under different conditions (hypoxia and blood flow restriction [BFR]) on mechanical, cardiorespiratory, and muscular O2 extraction responses.Methods: For this purpose, 13 healthy moderately trained men completed five bouts of 30 s all-out exercises interspaced by 4 min resting periods with lower limb bilateral BFR at 60% of the femoral artery occlusive pressure (BFR60) during the first 2 min of recovery, with gravity-induced BFR (pedaling in supine position; G-BFR), in a hypoxic chamber (FiO2≈13%; HYP) or without additional stress (NOR). Peak and average power, time to achieve peak power, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and a fatigue index (FI) were analyzed. Gas exchanges and muscular oxygenation were measured by metabolic cart and NIRS, respectively. Heart rate (HR) and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) were continuously recorded.Results: Regarding mechanical responses, peak and average power decreased after each sprint (p < 0.001) excepting between sprints four and five. Time to reach peak power increased between the three first sprints and sprint number five (p < 0.001). RPE increased throughout the exercises (p < 0.001). Of note, peak and average power, time to achieve peak power and RPE were lower in G-BFR (p < 0.001). Results also showed that SpO2 decreased in the last sprints for all the conditions and was lower for HYP (p < 0.001). In addition, Δ[O2Hb] increased in the last two sprints (p < 0.001). Concerning cardiorespiratory parameters, BFR60 application induced a decrease in gas exchange rates, which increased after its release compared to the other conditions (p < 0.001). Moreover, muscle blood concentration was higher for BFR60 (p < 0.001). Importantly, average and peak oxygen consumption and muscular oxyhemoglobin availability during sprints decreased for HYP (p < 0.001). Finally, the tissue saturation index was lower in G-BFR.Conclusions: Thus, SIT associated with G-BFR displayed lower mechanical, cardiorespiratory responses, and skeletal muscle oxygenation than the other conditions. Exercise with BFR60 promotes higher blood accumulation within working muscles, suggesting that BFR60 may additionally affect cellular stress. In addition, HYP and G-BFR induced local hypoxia with higher levels for G-BFR when considering both exercise bouts and recovery periods.

The Effect of Caffeine as an Ergogenic Aid in Anaerobic Exercise

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Woolf ◽  
Wendy K. Bidwell ◽  
Amanda G. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Peak Power ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Wingate Test ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Anaerobic Exercise ◽  
Serum Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Leg Press

The study examined caffeine (5 mg/kg body weight) vs. placebo during anaerobic exercise. Eighteen male athletes (24.1 ± 5.8 yr; BMI 26.4 ± 2.2 kg/m2) completed a leg press, chest press, and Wingate test. During the caffeine trial, more total weight was lifted with the chest press, and a greater peak power was obtained during the Wingate test. No differences were observed between treatments for the leg press and average power, minimum power, and power drop (Wingate test). There was a significant treatment main effect found for postexercise glucose and insulin concentrations; higher concentrations were found in the caffeine trial. A significant interaction effect (treatment and time) was found for cortisol and glucose concentrations; both increased with caffeine and decreased with placebo. Postexercise systolic blood pressure was significantly higher during the caffeine trial. No differences were found between treatments for serum free-fatty-acid concentrations, plasma lactate concentrations, serum cortisol concentrations, heart rate, and rating of perceived exertion. Thus, a moderate dose of caffeine resulted in more total weight lifted for the chest press and a greater peak power attained during the Wingate test in competitive athletes.

Exercise Prescription Using the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion to Improve Fitness

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (02) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Garnacho-Castaño ◽  
Raúl Domínguez ◽  
Arturo Muñoz González ◽  
Raquel Feliu-Ruano ◽  
Noemí Serra-Payá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Exercise Prescription ◽  
Time Effect ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Muscular Fitness ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Circuit Resistance Training ◽  
Circuit Resistance

AbstractThe present study aimed to compare two fitness-training methodologies, instability circuit resistance training (ICRT) versus traditional circuit resistance training (TCRT), applying an experimental model of exercise prescription controlling and modulating exercise load using the Borg rating of perceived exertion. Forty-four healthy young adults age (21.6±2.3 years) were randomly assigned to three groups: TCRT (n=14), ICRT (n=14) and a control group (n=16). Strength and cardiorespiratory tests were chosen to evaluate cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness before and after the training program. In cardiorespiratory data, a significant difference was observed for the time effect in VO2max, peak heart rate, peak velocity, and heart rate at anaerobic threshold intensity (p<0.05) in the experimental groups. In strength variables, a significant Group x Time interaction effect was detected in 1RM, in mean propulsive power, and in peak power (p≤0.01) in the back squat exercise. In the bench press exercise, a significant time effect was detected in 1RM, in mean propulsive power, and in peak power, and a Group x Time interaction in peak power (all p<0.05). We can conclude that applying an experimental model of exercise prescription using RPE improved cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in healthy young adults in both experimental groups.

Carbohydrate Drink Use During 30 Minutes of Variable-Intensity Exercise Has No Effect on Exercise Performance in Premenarchal Girls

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
C. Eric Heidorn ◽  
Brandon J. Dykstra ◽  
Cori A. Conner ◽  
Anthony D. Mahon
Keyword(s):  
Peak Power ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Fatigue Index ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Variable Intensity ◽  
Performance Effects ◽  
Power Peak ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance

Purpose: This study examined the physiological, perceptual, and performance effects of a 6% carbohydrate (CHO) drink during variable-intensity exercise (VIE) and a postexercise test in premenarchal girls. Methods: A total of 10 girls (10.4 [0.7] y) participated in the study. VO2peak was assessed, and the girls were familiarized with VIE and performance during the first visit. The trial order (CHO and placebo) was randomly assigned for subsequent visits. The drinks were given before VIE bouts and 1-minute performance (9 mL/kg total). Two 15-minute bouts of VIE were completed (10 repeated sequences of 20%, 55%, and 95% power at VO2peak and maximal sprints) before a 1-minute performance sprint. Results: The mean power, peak power, heart rate (HR), %HRpeak, and rating of perceived exertion during VIE did not differ between trials. However, the peak power decreased, and the rating of perceived exertion increased from the first to the second bout. During the 1-minute performance, there were no differences between the trial (CHO vs placebo) for HR (190 [9] vs 189 [9] bpm), %HRpeak (97.0% [3.2%] vs 96.6% [3.0%]), rating of perceived exertion (7.8 [2.3] vs 8.1 [1.9]), peak power (238 [70] vs 235 [60] W), fatigue index (54.7% [10.0%] vs 55.9% [12.8%]), or total work (9.4 [2.6] vs 9.4 [2.1] kJ). Conclusion: CHO supplementation did not alter physiological, perceptual, or performance responses during 30 minutes of VIE or postexercise sprint performance in premenarchal girls.

scholarly journals Performance and Recovery of Well-Trained Younger and Older Athletes during Different HIIT Protocols

Sports ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Laura Hottenrott ◽  
Martin Möhle ◽  
Sarah Feichtinger ◽  
Sascha Ketelhut ◽  
Oliver Stoll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Subjective Rating ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Total Quality ◽  
Older Athletes

Due to physiological and morphological differences, younger and older athletes may recover differently from training loads. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols are useful for studying the progression of recovery. It was the objective of this study to determine age differences in performance and recovery following different HIIT protocols. Methods: 12 younger (24.5 ± 3.7 years) and 12 older (47.3 ± 8.6 years) well-trained cyclists and triathletes took part in this study. Between the age groups there were no significant differences in relative peak power to fat-free mass, maximal heart rate (HR), training volume, and VO2max-percentiles (%). Participants performed different HIIT protocols consisting of 4 × 30 s Wingate tests with different active rest intervals (1, 3, or 10 min). Peak and average power, lactate, HR, respiratory exchange ratio (RER), subjective rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and recovery (Total Quality Recovery scale, TQR) were assessed. Results: During the different HIIT protocols, metabolic, cardiovascular, and subjective recovery were similar between the two groups. No significant differences were found in average lactate concentration, peak and average power, fatigue (%), %HRmax, RER, RPE, and TQR values between the groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that recovery following HIIT does not differ between the two age groups. Furthermore, older and younger participants displayed similar lactate kinetics after the intermittent exercise protocols.

scholarly journals The effect of low- vs high-cadence interval training on the freely chosen cadence and performance in endurance-trained cyclists

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 666-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony G. Whitty ◽  
Aron J. Murphy ◽  
Aaron J. Coutts ◽  
Mark L. Watsford
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Cadence

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of high- and low-cadence interval training on the freely chosen cadence (FCC) and performance in endurance-trained cyclists. Sixteen male endurance-trained cyclists completed a series of submaximal rides at 60% maximal power (Wmax) at cadences of 50, 70, 90, and 110 r·min−1, and their FCC to determine their preferred cadence, gross efficiency (GE), rating of perceived exertion, and crank torque profile. Performance was measured via a 15-min time trial, which was preloaded with a cycle at 60% Wmax. Following the testing, the participants were randomly assigned to a high-cadence (HC) (20% above FCC) or a low-cadence (LC) (20% below FCC) group for 18 interval-based training sessions over 6 weeks. The HC group increased their FCC from 92 to 101 r·min−1 after the intervention (p = 0.01), whereas the LC group remained unchanged (93 r·min−1). GE increased from 22.7% to 23.6% in the HC group at 90 r·min−1 (p = 0.05), from 20.0% to 20.9% at 110 r·min−1 (p = 0.05), and from 22.8% to 23.2% at their FCC. Both groups significantly increased their total distance and average power output following training, with the LC group recording a superior performance measure. There were minimal changes to the crank torque profile in both groups following training. This study demonstrated that the FCC can be altered with HC interval training and that the determinants of the optimal cycling cadence are multifactorial and not completely understood. Furthermore, LC interval training may significantly improve time-trial results of short duration as a result of an increase in strength development or possible neuromuscular adaptations.

Carbohydrate Mouth Rinsing in the Fed State: Lack of Enhancement of Time-Trial Performance

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milou Beelen ◽  
Jort Berghuis ◽  
Ben Bonaparte ◽  
Sam B. Ballak ◽  
Asker E. Jeukendrup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Time Trial Performance ◽  
Mouth Rinsing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Trial Performance

It has been reported previously that mouth rinsing with a carbohydrate-containing solution can improve cycling performance. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the impact of such a carbohydrate mouth rinse on exercise performance during a simulated time trial in a more practical, postprandial setting. Fourteen male endurance-trained athletes were selected to perform 2 exercise tests in the morning after consuming a standardized breakfast. They performed an ~1-hr time trial on a cycle ergometer while rinsing their mouths with either a 6.4% maltodextrin solution (CHO) or water (PLA) after every 12.5% of the set amount of work. Borg’s rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was assessed after every 25% of the set amount of work, and power output and heart rate were recorded continuously throughout the test. Performance time did not differ between treatments and averaged 68.14 ± 1.14 and 67.52 ± 1.00 min in CHO and PLA, respectively (p = .57). In accordance, average power output (265 ± 5 vs. 266 ± 5 W, p = .58), heart rate (169 ± 2 vs. 168 ± 2 beats/min, p = .43), and RPE (16.4 ± 0.3 vs. 16.7 ± 0.3 W, p = .26) did not differ between treatments. Furthermore, after dividing the trial into 8s, no differences in power output, heart rate, or perceived exertion were observed over time between treatments. Carbohydrate mouth rinsing does not improve time-trial performance when exercise is performed in a practical, postprandial setting.

scholarly journals High tempo music prolongs high intensity exercise

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e6164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meaghan E. Maddigan ◽  
Kathleen M. Sullivan ◽  
Israel Halperin ◽  
Fabien A. Basset ◽  
David G. Behm
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Breathing Frequency ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
End Point ◽  
Exercise Enjoyment

Music has been shown to reduce rating of perceived exertion, increase exercise enjoyment and enhance exercise performance, mainly in low-moderate intensity exercises. However, the effects of music are less conclusive with high-intensity activities. The purpose of this with-participant design study was to compare the effects of high tempo music (130 bpm) to a no-music condition during repeated high intensity cycling bouts (80% of peak power output (PPO)) on the following measures: time to exercise end-point, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), heart rate (HR), breathing frequency, ventilatory kinetics and blood lactate (BL). Under the music condition, participants exercised 10.7% longer (p = 0.035; Effect size (ES) = 0.28) (increase of 1 min) and had higher HR (4%; p = 0.043; ES = 0.25), breathing frequency (11.6%; p < 0.001; ES = 0.57), and RER (7% at TTF; p = 0.021; ES = 1.1) during exercise, as measured at the exercise end-point. Trivial differences were observed between conditions in RPE and other ventilatory kinetics during exercise. Interestingly, 5 min post-exercise termination, HR recovery was 13.0% faster following the music condition (p < 0.05) despite that music was not played during this period. These results strengthen the notion that music can alter the association between central motor drive, central cardiovascular command and perceived exertion, and contribute to prolonged exercise durations at higher intensities along with a quicken HR recovery.

Effect of ENDUROX™ on Metabolic Responses to Submaximal Exercise

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel N. Cheuvront ◽  
Robert J. Moffatt ◽  
Kyle D. Biggerstaff ◽  
Shawn Bearden ◽  
Paul McDonough
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Serum Glycerol ◽  
Male Subjects

Claims that ENDUROX™ enhances performance by altering metabolic responses to exercise were tested. In a double-blind crossover design, 10 male subjects were randomly assigned to consume 400 mg of placebo or 800 mg ENDUROX™ for 7 days. Cycle ergometry was performed for 30 minutes at 25%, followed by 10 min at 65% of peak oxygen consumption. After a 1-week washout period, subjects performed the identical exercise protocol following 7 days of reciprocal supplemental conditions. Expired gases were collected and analyzed continuously for oxygen consumption, minute ventilation, and respiratory exchange ratio. Heart rate, blood pressure, rating of perceived exertion, blood lactate, and serum glycerol data were also collected at regular intervals. A two-way ANOVA with repeated measures revealed no significant main or interaction effects involving group differences (p > 0.05) between trials for any variable during rest, 25% or 65% (VO2 peak), or recovery. Our findings do not support the ergogenic claims for ENDUROX™.

scholarly journals Warm-up durations in a hot-dry climate affect thermoregulation, mean power-output and fatigue, but not peak power in specific soccer repeated-sprint ability

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Frikha ◽  
Nesrine Chaâri ◽  
Noureddine Ben Said ◽  
Mohammed Shaab Alibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Tympanic Temperature ◽  
Muscular Power ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
Mean Power Output

Abstract Background This study addressed the lack of data on the effect of warm-up (WU) duration in hot-dry climate (~ 30 °C; ~ 18% RH), on thermoregulation, muscular power-output, and fatigue after specific soccer repeated-sprint test (RSA). Methods Eleven amateur soccer players participated in a cross-over randomized study and they underwent the Bangsbo repeated-sprint test, after three WU durations (i.e. WU10, WU15 and WU20 min) at 70% of MAV, and on different days. Peak power (PP), mean power (MP) and the fatigue index (FI) were recorded and analyzed. Likewise, heart rate (HR), tympanic temperature (Ttym), mean body temperature (MBT) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded during each session. Results The repeated measure ANOVA showed that MP improved after WU15 in comparison to WU10 and WU20 (p = 0.04 and p = 0.001; respectively). Nonetheless, no significant effect on PP was recorded after all WU durations. FI during RSA increased after WU20 in comparison to WU15 and WU10 (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003; respectively). Higher RPE values (p < 0.001) were recorded after WU15 and WU20 in comparison to WU10 duration. The two-way ANOVA showed higher ΔTtym and ΔMBT values after WU15 and WU20 compared to WU10 (p = 0.039 and p < 0.001for Ttym; p = 0.005 and p < 0.001 for MBT, respectively). Conclusions The WU15 at 70% of MAV better assists mean power-output during soccer RSA in hot-dry (~ 30 °C; 18% RH) climate, but not peak power. Reducing WU duration up to 10 min seems to be insufficient to induce beneficial physiological changes necessary for optimizing repeated-sprint performance, while its extension up to 20 min remains detrimental for muscular power and induces higher fatigue.

scholarly journals Returners Exhibit Greater Jumping Performance Improvements During a Peaking Phase Compared With New Players on a Volleyball Team

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 709-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caleb D. Bazyler ◽  
Satoshi Mizuguchi ◽  
Ashley A. Kavanaugh ◽  
John J. McMahon ◽  
Paul Comfort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peak Power ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Jumping Performance ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Back Squat

Purpose: To determine if jumping-performance changes during a peaking phase differed among returners and new players on a female collegiate volleyball team and to determine which variables best explained the variation in performance changes. Methods: Fourteen volleyball players were divided into 2 groups—returners (n = 7) and new players (n = 7)—who completed a 5-wk peaking phase prior to conference championships. Players were tested at baseline before the preseason on measures of the vastus lateralis cross-sectional area using ultrasonography, estimated back-squat 1-repetition maximum, countermovement jump height (JH), and relative peak power on a force platform. Jumping performance, rating of perceived exertion training load, and sets played were recorded weekly during the peaking phase. Results: There were moderate to very large (P < .01, Glass Δ = 1.74) and trivial to very large (P = .07, Δ = 1.09) differences in JH and relative peak power changes in favor of returners over new players, respectively, during the peaking phase. Irrespective of group, 7 of 14 players achieved peak JH 2 wk after the initial overreach. The number of sets played (r = .78, P < .01) and the athlete’s preseason relative 1-repetition maximum (r = .54, P = .05) were the strongest correlates of JH changes during the peaking phase. Conclusions: Returners achieved greater improvements in jumping performance during the peaking phase compared with new players, which may be explained by the returners’ greater relative maximal strength, time spent competing, and training experience. Thus, volleyball and strength coaches should consider these factors when prescribing training during a peaking phase to ensure their players are prepared for important competitions.

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