scholarly journals Time of Day-Specific Changes in Metabolic Detoxification and Insecticide Tolerance in the House Fly, Musca domestica L.

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunmei You ◽  
Zelin Li ◽  
Yuanzhi Yin ◽  
Naretuya Na ◽  
Xiwu Gao
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Detoxification Enzymes ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Insecticide Susceptibility ◽  
Daily Fluctuation ◽  
Metabolic Detoxification

Both insects and mammals all exhibit a daily fluctuation of susceptibility to chemicals at different times of the day. However, this phenomenon has not been further studied in the house fly (Musca domestica L.) and a better understanding of the house fly on chronobiology should be useful for controlling this widespread disease vector. Here we explored diel time-of-day variations in insecticide susceptibility, enzyme activities, and xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme gene expressions. The house fly was most tolerant to beta-cypermethrin in the late photophase at Zeitgeber time (ZT) 8 and 12 [i.e., 8 and 12 h after light is present in the light-dark cycle (LD)]. The activities of cytochrome P450, GST, and CarE enzymes were determined in the house flies collected at various time, indicating that rhythms occur in P450 and CarE activities. Subsequently, we observed diel rhythmic expression levels of detoxifying genes, and CYP6D1 and MdαE7 displayed similar expression patterns with enzyme activities in LD conditions, respectively. No diel rhythm was observed for CYP6D3 expression. These data demonstrated a diel rhythm of metabolic detoxification enzymes and insecticide susceptibility in M. domestica. In the future, the time-of-day insecticide efficacy could be considered into the management of the house fly.

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND ENZYME ACTIVITIES IN MUSCA DOMESTICA UNDER SELECTION WITH FIPRONIL

2021 ◽  
pp. 295-300
Author(s):  
Levchenko ◽  
Silivanova ◽  
Shumilova ◽  
Sennikova ◽  
Kinareikina
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Detoxification Enzymes ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
World Knowledge ◽  
Control Programs

Insect resistance to insecticides is one of the main issues of veterinary, medicine, and horticulture around the world. Knowledge of insecticidal resistance mechanisms is crucial for the development of insect control programs. The aim of the present study was to assess some biological parameters and enzyme activities in the house fly Musca domestica L. under selection with fipronil. The selection of M. domestica with fipronil was conducted by non-choice feeding when adults in each generation were fed with sugar that was pre-treated with insecticide solution. In even-numbered year generation, we evaluated the duration of individual development stages, the weight of individuals, fertility, and activity of the main detoxification enzymes (monooxygenases, esterases, and glutathione-S-transferases) in larvae and adults. The assessment of insect susceptibility to fipronil showed that larvae in the tenth generation of the fipronil-selected strain were more susceptible to fipronil than the individuals in the laboratory strain, and adults did not differ from the control as per this indicator. In the tenth generation of the fipronil-selected strain, we found that the duration of the development period from the egg stage to the emergence of adults lasted longer (by 18%) compared to the laboratory line. We noted that the activity of monooxygenases and glutathione-S-transferase in larvae and adults varied in certain generations of the fipronil-selected strain.

scholarly journals THE ACTIVITY OF HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES IN DIFFERENT LIFE STAGES OF THE HOUSE FLY MUSCA DOMESTICA L.

2019 ◽  
pp. 589-593
Author(s):  
Silivanova ◽  
Levchenko
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Detoxification Enzymes ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Metabolic Resistance

The problem of insect resistance to insecticides attracts great attention in the world. It is known that metabolic resistance in insects is provided by the activity of detoxi-fication enzymes, including hydrolases. Enzyme activities do not remain the same during the life cycle of insects. The purpose of this study was to assess the activity of acetylcholinesterase, alkaline and acid phosphatases in the house fly Musca domes-tica L. at the different lifestages. Enzyme activities were determined in homogenates obtained from eggs, larvae of II – III instar, pupae, and adults (1, 5, and 10 days old) of the M. domestica laboratory strain. According to the obtained results, the acid phosphatase activity did not differ in different life stages of M. domestica, and the activity of acetylcholinesterase and alkaline phosphatase varied in ontogenesis. Alkaline phosphatase activity was minimal in the eggs, increased in the larvae, and decreased again at the pupal stage. The activity of acetylcholinesterase was minimal in the eggs as well and increased with the M. domestica development up to the pupal stage. The acetylcholinesterase activity in one-day-old adults was similar to that in pupal stage.The revealed features of the activity of hydrolytic detoxification enzymes at different life cycle stages of the M. domestica might determine the characteristics of metabolic resistance to insecticides, which, in our opinion, should be taken into account when one studies of insecticide resistance in house flies.

scholarly journals Insecticide susceptibility of house flies (Musca domestica) from a livestock farm in Tyumen region, Russia.

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-219
Author(s):  
M. A Levchenko ◽  
E. A. Silivanova ◽  
G. F. Balabanova ◽  
R. H. Bikinyaeva
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Field Population ◽  
Insecticide Susceptibility ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Livestock Farm ◽  
Median Lethal Dose

The susceptibility of the field populations of the house fly Musca domestica L. (Diptera:Muscidae) from a livestock farm of the Tyumen region, Russia, to six insecticides (deltamethrin, cypermethrin, thiamethoxam, permethrin, fipronil, chlorfenapyr) is reported. After a forced contact of adult flies of susceptible strains and first generation of field populations with the residues of insecticides at the bottom of glass cups, the median lethal dose of each insecticide was determined by probit analysis. According to the resistance ratio, the susceptibility of the evaluated field population to insecticides increased in the order: cypermethrin < deltamethrin < permethrin ≤ chlorfenapyr < thiamethoxam < fipronil.

scholarly journals Effect of Fungal Infection on Defence Proteins of Musca domestica L. and Variation of Virulence with Temperature

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-476
Author(s):  
O.J. Soyelu ◽  
R.M. Oyerinde ◽  
B.O. Odu ◽  
R.E. Okonji
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Detoxification Enzymes ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Metarhizium Robertsii ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Fungal Entomopathogens ◽  
Defence Proteins

With the current global drive for alternative control measures that are safer in comparison to synthetic insecticides, it was considered necessary to assess some fungal entomopathogens for efficacy against the house fly, Musca domestica. The effect of fungal infection on activity of two detoxification enzymes (esterase [EST] and glutathione-S-transferase [GST]) was determined in the laboratory. Effect of temperature on progression of mycosis was also investigated between 15 and 35℃ to determine the optimum temperature necessary for successful fungal infection. Two Beauveria bassiana strains (ARSEF 1564 and ARSEF 8891), Metarhizium robertsii (ARSEF 1057) and M. anisopliae s.s. (ARSEF 5471) were evaluated in this study as potential sources of mycoinsecticide formulations. The fungal strains infected larval and adult house flies successfully by inhibiting activity of EST and GST with a concomitant insect mortality of > 90%. A significantly higher number of dead specimens (80-100%) had fungal growth between 20 and 25℃ with a noticeable level of mycosis also at 30℃. The evaluated fungal strains showed good insecticidal efficacy and could,  therefore, serve as good sources of mycoinsecticide formulations against house fly. If this area of biological control is well explored it would reduce reliance on synthetic insecticide formulations. Keywords: Defence proteins, house fly mortality, mycosis, optimum temperature

Factors Influencing Mating and Oviposition of Black Soldier Flies (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) in a Colony

2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffery K. Tomberlin ◽  
D. Craig Sheppard
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Black Soldier Fly Larvae

Most information on the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (L.), is limited to its use as a biological control and waste management agent. Little is known about its mating and oviposition activities. Latency from emergence to mating and oviposition for colony-reared black soldier flies placed in a 1.5 × 1.5 × 3 m nylon cage located in a greenhouse was determined. Sixty-nine percent of mating occurred 2 d after eclosion and 70% of oviposition 4 d after eclosion. Time of day and light intensity significantly correlated with mating (r2 = 0.49; P &lt; 0.0001), while time of day, temperature, and humidity significantly correlated with oviposition (r2 = 0.58; P &lt; 0.0001). Latency after emergence significantly correlated with mating (r2 = 0.99; P &lt; 0.0001) and oviposition (r2 = 0.99; P &lt; 0.0001). A second experiment was conducted to examine oviposition preference of the black soldier fly. Adults were allowed to oviposit in Gainesville house fly, Musca domestica L., larval media with and without 5-d-old black soldier fly larvae. Based on sign non-parametric Mests, numbers of egg clutches deposited in each treatment were not significantly different.

scholarly journals Diurnal Flight Activity of House Flies (Musca domestica) is Influenced by Sex, Time of Day, and Environmental Conditions

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levi K. Zahn ◽  
Alec C. Gerry
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Animal Pathogens

House flies (Musca domestica L.) are common synanthropic pests associated with confined animal operations, including dairy farms. House flies can cause substantial nuisance and may transmit human and animal pathogens. Surprisingly little is known about the daily flight activity of house flies. This study examined diurnal house fly flight activity on two southern California dairies using clear sticky traps to capture flies over hourly intervals. Flight activity for both males and females combined started near dawn and generally increased to a single broad activity peak during mid to late morning. Male flight activity peaked earlier than female flight activity and this separation in peak activity widened as mean daytime temperature increased. Flight activity for both sexes increased rapidly during early morning in response to the combined effects of increasing light intensity and temperature, with decreasing flight activity late in the day as temperature decreased. During midday, flight activity was slightly negatively associated with light intensity and temperature. Collection period (time of day) was a useful predictor of house fly activity on southern California dairies and the diurnal pattern of flight activity should be considered when developing house fly monitoring and control programs.

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