scholarly journals Effect of Fungal Infection on Defence Proteins of Musca domestica L. and Variation of Virulence with Temperature

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-476
Author(s):  
O.J. Soyelu ◽  
R.M. Oyerinde ◽  
B.O. Odu ◽  
R.E. Okonji
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Detoxification Enzymes ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Metarhizium Robertsii ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Fungal Entomopathogens ◽  
Defence Proteins

With the current global drive for alternative control measures that are safer in comparison to synthetic insecticides, it was considered necessary to assess some fungal entomopathogens for efficacy against the house fly, Musca domestica. The effect of fungal infection on activity of two detoxification enzymes (esterase [EST] and glutathione-S-transferase [GST]) was determined in the laboratory. Effect of temperature on progression of mycosis was also investigated between 15 and 35℃ to determine the optimum temperature necessary for successful fungal infection. Two Beauveria bassiana strains (ARSEF 1564 and ARSEF 8891), Metarhizium robertsii (ARSEF 1057) and M. anisopliae s.s. (ARSEF 5471) were evaluated in this study as potential sources of mycoinsecticide formulations. The fungal strains infected larval and adult house flies successfully by inhibiting activity of EST and GST with a concomitant insect mortality of > 90%. A significantly higher number of dead specimens (80-100%) had fungal growth between 20 and 25℃ with a noticeable level of mycosis also at 30℃. The evaluated fungal strains showed good insecticidal efficacy and could,  therefore, serve as good sources of mycoinsecticide formulations against house fly. If this area of biological control is well explored it would reduce reliance on synthetic insecticide formulations. Keywords: Defence proteins, house fly mortality, mycosis, optimum temperature

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND ENZYME ACTIVITIES IN MUSCA DOMESTICA UNDER SELECTION WITH FIPRONIL

2021 ◽  
pp. 295-300
Author(s):  
Levchenko ◽  
Silivanova ◽  
Shumilova ◽  
Sennikova ◽  
Kinareikina
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Detoxification Enzymes ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
World Knowledge ◽  
Control Programs

Insect resistance to insecticides is one of the main issues of veterinary, medicine, and horticulture around the world. Knowledge of insecticidal resistance mechanisms is crucial for the development of insect control programs. The aim of the present study was to assess some biological parameters and enzyme activities in the house fly Musca domestica L. under selection with fipronil. The selection of M. domestica with fipronil was conducted by non-choice feeding when adults in each generation were fed with sugar that was pre-treated with insecticide solution. In even-numbered year generation, we evaluated the duration of individual development stages, the weight of individuals, fertility, and activity of the main detoxification enzymes (monooxygenases, esterases, and glutathione-S-transferases) in larvae and adults. The assessment of insect susceptibility to fipronil showed that larvae in the tenth generation of the fipronil-selected strain were more susceptible to fipronil than the individuals in the laboratory strain, and adults did not differ from the control as per this indicator. In the tenth generation of the fipronil-selected strain, we found that the duration of the development period from the egg stage to the emergence of adults lasted longer (by 18%) compared to the laboratory line. We noted that the activity of monooxygenases and glutathione-S-transferase in larvae and adults varied in certain generations of the fipronil-selected strain.

A Study of the Environmental Factors Affecting the Dispersion of House Flies (Musca domestica L.) in a Dairy Community near Fort Whyte, Manitoba

1956 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 270-272
Author(s):  
William Hanec
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Fly Control

House fly control as practiced at present requires a combination of thorough sanitation supplemented with the use of insecticides. Farms vary considerably in the standard of sanitation maintained. The question arises whether a farmer who conscientiously applies house fly control measures on his premises will find his efforts frustrated by invasions of house flies breeding on less sanitary farm-steads in the neighborhood. To answer this question it is necessary to understand the factors that affect house fly dispersal. These include wind direction, intensity of mind-borne odors and possibly variation in the tendency of flies to migrate. Some of these questions were answered in investigations during the summer of 3951, by releasing and recovering radioactive house flies in a dairy community near Fort Whyte, Manitoba.

scholarly journals Fungus Metarhizium robertsii and neurotoxic insecticide affect gut immunity and microbiota in Colorado potato beetles

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vadim Yu. Kryukov ◽  
Ulyana Rotskaya ◽  
Olga Yaroslavtseva ◽  
Olga Polenogova ◽  
Natalia Kryukova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Detoxification Enzymes ◽  
Metarhizium Robertsii ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Gut Immunity ◽  
Insect Gut ◽  
Microbiota Diversity

AbstractFungal infections and toxicoses caused by insecticides may alter microbial communities and immune responses in the insect gut. We investigated the effects of Metarhizium robertsii fungus and avermectins on the midgut physiology of Colorado potato beetle larvae. We analyzed changes in the bacterial community, immunity- and stress-related gene expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and detoxification enzyme activity in response to topical infection with the M. robertsii fungus, oral administration of avermectins, and a combination of the two treatments. Avermectin treatment led to a reduction in microbiota diversity and an enhancement in the abundance of enterobacteria, and these changes were followed by the downregulation of Stat and Hsp90, upregulation of transcription factors for the Toll and IMD pathways and activation of detoxification enzymes. Fungal infection also led to a decrease in microbiota diversity, although the changes in community structure were not significant, except for the enhancement of Serratia. Fungal infection decreased the production of ROS but did not affect the gene expression of the immune pathways. In the combined treatment, fungal infection inhibited the activation of detoxification enzymes and prevented the downregulation of the JAK-STAT pathway caused by avermectins. The results of this study suggest that fungal infection modulates physiological responses to avermectins and that fungal infection may increase avermectin toxicosis by blocking detoxification enzymes in the gut.

scholarly journals Time of Day-Specific Changes in Metabolic Detoxification and Insecticide Tolerance in the House Fly, Musca domestica L.

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunmei You ◽  
Zelin Li ◽  
Yuanzhi Yin ◽  
Naretuya Na ◽  
Xiwu Gao
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Detoxification Enzymes ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Insecticide Susceptibility ◽  
Daily Fluctuation ◽  
Metabolic Detoxification

Both insects and mammals all exhibit a daily fluctuation of susceptibility to chemicals at different times of the day. However, this phenomenon has not been further studied in the house fly (Musca domestica L.) and a better understanding of the house fly on chronobiology should be useful for controlling this widespread disease vector. Here we explored diel time-of-day variations in insecticide susceptibility, enzyme activities, and xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme gene expressions. The house fly was most tolerant to beta-cypermethrin in the late photophase at Zeitgeber time (ZT) 8 and 12 [i.e., 8 and 12 h after light is present in the light-dark cycle (LD)]. The activities of cytochrome P450, GST, and CarE enzymes were determined in the house flies collected at various time, indicating that rhythms occur in P450 and CarE activities. Subsequently, we observed diel rhythmic expression levels of detoxifying genes, and CYP6D1 and MdαE7 displayed similar expression patterns with enzyme activities in LD conditions, respectively. No diel rhythm was observed for CYP6D3 expression. These data demonstrated a diel rhythm of metabolic detoxification enzymes and insecticide susceptibility in M. domestica. In the future, the time-of-day insecticide efficacy could be considered into the management of the house fly.

House fly (Musca domestica) larvae meal as an ingredient with high nutritional value: microencapsulation and improvement of organoleptic characteristics

2021 ◽  
pp. 110423
Author(s):  
Manuel Sánchez ◽  
Carolaynne Gómez ◽  
Constanza Avendaño ◽  
Iliak Harmsen ◽  
Daniela Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics
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