scholarly journals Emerging Roles for Aberrant Astrocytic Calcium Signals in Parkinson’s Disease

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric A. Bancroft ◽  
Rahul Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Dopaminergic Neuron ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Calcium Signals ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Dopaminergic Neuron Loss

Astrocytes display a plethora of spontaneous Ca2+ signals that modulate vital functions of the central nervous system (CNS). This suggests that astrocytic Ca2+ signals also contribute to pathological processes in the CNS. In this context, the molecular mechanisms by which aberrant astrocytic Ca2+ signals trigger dopaminergic neuron loss during Parkinson’s disease (PD) are only beginning to emerge. Here, we provide an evidence-based perspective on potential mechanisms by which aberrant astrocytic Ca2+ signals can trigger dysfunction in three distinct compartments of the brain, viz., neurons, microglia, and the blood brain barrier, thereby leading to PD. We envision that the coming decades will unravel novel mechanisms by which aberrant astrocytic Ca2+ signals contribute to PD and other neurodegenerative processes in the CNS.

scholarly journals Microbiome changes: an indicator of Parkinson’s disease?

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Haikal ◽  
Qian-Qian Chen ◽  
Jia-Yi Li
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Dopaminergic Neuron ◽  
Alpha Synuclein ◽  
Neuron Loss ◽  
The Future ◽  
Dopaminergic Neuron Loss

AbstractParkinson’s disease is characterized by dopaminergic neuron loss and intracellular inclusions composed mainly of alpha synuclein (α-syn), but the mechanism of pathogenesis is still obscure. In recent years, more attention has been given to the gut as a key player in the initiation and progression of PD pathology. Several studies characterizing changes in the microbiome, particularly the gut microbiome, have been conducted. Although many studies found a decrease in the bacterial family Prevotellaceae and in butyrate-producing bacterial genera such as Roseburia and Faecalibacteria, and an increase in the genera Akkermansia many of the studies reported contradictory findings. In this review, we highlight the findings from the different studies and reflect on the future of microbiome studies in PD research.

Brain Grafting as a Treatment for Parkinson's Disease

Neurosurgery ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Perlow
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Dopamine Neurons ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Parkinson's disease is an illness with neuropathological and neuroanatomical abnormalities in many areas of the central nervous system. Some clinical manifestations of this illness are correlated with pathological changes in the substantia nigra and with a loss of dopamine in the nigra and striatum. The most effective pharmacological treatments have used agents that either replace the lost dopamine or act as agonists on dopamine receptors. Recent studies in animal models of Parkinson's disease demonstrate that the loss of dopamine and many clinical manifestations of dopamine reduction can be reversed by transplantation of fetal dopamine-containing cells to specific dopamine-depleted areas of the brain. Long term viability of these transplants has also been demonstrated. The author suggests that the transplantation of dopamine neurons, even across species barriers, is a reasonable consideration for the treatment of human Parkinson's disease. This article reviews in detail the results of recent experiments and how the experience in these models might be utilized in determining a transplantation strategy for the treatment of specific clinical aspects of this illness.

scholarly journals Functional Rescue of Dopaminergic Neuron Loss in Parkinson's Disease Mice After Transplantation of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells

EBioMedicine ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 83-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wassim Altarche-Xifro ◽  
Umberto di Vicino ◽  
Maria Isabel Muñoz-Martin ◽  
Analía Bortolozzi ◽  
Jordi Bové ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Dopaminergic Neuron ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Neuron Loss ◽  
Stem And Progenitor Cells ◽  
Dopaminergic Neuron Loss

Stratification Strategies for Patients to Optimize the Effectiveness of Scavenging Biogenic Aldehydes: Towards a Neuroprotective Approach for Parkinson’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Masato ◽  
Michele Sandre ◽  
Angelo Antonini ◽  
Luigi Bubacco
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Primary Amines ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Reactive Aldehydes ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
Lysine Residues ◽  
The Brain

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a clinically heterogeneous disorder with a multi-factorial pathology. Various molecular mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of PD, converging to oxidative stress and proteinopathy. The accumulation of reactive aldehydes (i.e., the dopamine metabolite DOPAL, lipid-peroxidation products, and advanced glycation end-products) has been reported in PD patients’ brains. Aldehydes easily react with primary amines such as lysine residues, which are involved in several regulatory processes in cells. Therefore, aldehyde adducts lead to severe consequences, including neuronal proteostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death. In this review, we analyzed the scavenging role of amines toward toxic aldehydes in the brain. Interestingly, small molecules like metformin, rasagiline, hydralazine are already clinically available and used in the therapy for PD and other diseases. Hence, we propose to reevaluate this class of drugs as a disease-modifiers for PD, and we suggest that improved analysis of their pharmacology and bioavailability in the brain, together with a more precise patients stratification, should be considered before planning future clinical trials.

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