scholarly journals The Plant Ontology Facilitates Comparisons of Plant Development Stages Across Species

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramona L. Walls ◽  
Laurel Cooper ◽  
Justin Elser ◽  
Maria Alejandra Gandolfo ◽  
Christopher J. Mungall ◽  
...  
2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.J.S. CESCO ◽  
R. NARDI ◽  
F.H. KRENCHINSKI ◽  
A.J.P. ALBRECHT ◽  
D.M. RODRIGUES ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT: Horseweed (Conyza spp.) is a weed with a considerable presence and frequency throughout Brazilian crops, as well as presenting difficult chemical control. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of herbicide management, through single and sequential applications, in controlling Conyza spp., at two development stages with 4 to 6 leaves (3 to 5 cm) and 20 leaves (15-20 cm). The analyzed variables were: control percentage (7, 14, 21, and 28 days after application), dry matter content (28 days after application) and regrowth percentage (21 days after application). Data were submitted to analysis of variance at 5% probability and when there was a difference, the means were submitted to the Scott-Knott test. For Conyza spp. plants with a height between 3 and 5 cm and 4 to 6 leaves, the best treatments were T4, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, and T14, presenting a control percentage above 90%, 7 days after application. For Conyzaspp. plants with a plant development of 15 cm in height and 15 to 20 leaves, the highest control percentages and lowest regrowth percentages were with treatments T9, T13, and T14.


1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-5
Author(s):  
J. F. Brunner

Abstract Different B. thuringiensis products were evaluated for their ability to control OBLR larvae of the overwintering generation. The test was conducted in an apple orchard near Milton-Freewater, OR. Trees were 4-yr-old ‘Fuji’ on dwarfing roots. Treatments were applied to four-tree plots replicated five times in a RCBD. All treatments were applied with a handgun sprayer at 300 psi to the point of drip, simulating a dilute spray of approximately 400 gpa. Application dates and plant development stages are shown in the table. The post-treatment evaluation was made on 20 May. Each tree was examined and the no. of live leafroller larvae recorded.


2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (15) ◽  
pp. 4993-5000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte Hai ◽  
Ndeye Hélène Diallo ◽  
Saidou Sall ◽  
Felix Haesler ◽  
Kristina Schauss ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT The effect of agricultural management practices on geochemical cycles in moderate ecosystems is by far better understood than in semiarid regions, where fertilizer availability and climatic conditions are less favorable. We studied the impact of different fertilizer regimens in an agricultural long-term observatory in Burkina Faso at three different plant development stages (early leaf development, flowering, and senescence) of sorghum cultivars. Using real-time PCR, we investigated functional microbial communities involved in key processes of the nitrogen cycle (nitrogen fixation, ammonia oxidation, and denitrification) in the rhizosphere. The results indicate that fertilizer treatments and plant development stages combined with environmental factors affected the abundance of the targeted functional genes in the rhizosphere. While nitrogen-fixing populations dominated the investigated communities when organic fertilizers (manure and straw) were applied, their numbers were comparatively reduced in urea-treated plots. In contrast, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) increased not only in absolute numbers but also in relation to the other bacterial groups investigated in the urea-amended plots. Ammonia-oxidizing archaea exhibited higher numbers compared to AOB independent of fertilizer application. Similarly, denitrifiers were also more abundant in the urea-treated plots. Our data imply as well that, more than in moderate regions, water availability might shape microbial communities in the rhizosphere, since low gene abundance data were obtained for all tested genes at the flowering stage, when water availability was very limited.


2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Torres Bazurto ◽  
Jaiver Danilo Sanchez ◽  
Daniel Gerardo Cayon Salinas

This research determined the effect of four nitrogen (N) doses on the nutritional behavior of (N), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), respectively, in banana Williams, during five plant development stages and two productive cycles. The treatments were as follows: 1) absolute control, 2) 0 N, 3) 161 kg N ha-1, 4) 321.8 kg N ha-1 and 5) 483 kg N ha-1, respectively. A multivariate approach of the differences among cycles was used to adjust the models and eliminate their individual effect, with a randomized complete block design with repeated measurements over time. There were significant differences among plant development stages, with an increase in nutrient accumulation in the banana plant, there were no differences among treatments or blocks, nor in the interaction block by treatment, but the dose of 321.8 kg of N, exhibited a fructification increase in terms of N accumulation, harvest was exceeded by the dose of 483 kg of nitrogen, Ca and Mg, were the other nutrients, which showed effect at the dose of 483 kg of N but increasing only to harvest. It was concluded that high doses of nitrogen showed a trend to increase nutrient accumulation during the development of the banana plant, but especially until fructification, with the exception of Ca and Mg, which achieved the greatest accumulation in harvest.


2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 1018-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iran Dias Borges ◽  
Renzo Garcia Von Pinho ◽  
José Luiz de Andrade Rezende Pereira

The study of micronutrients accumulation as a function of plant development stage is of fundamental importance to subsidize strategies for fertilizer application and minimum amount to maintain soil fertility. This study evaluated micronutrient accumulation in two maize cultivars at different development stages. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications in split-plots, with two maize hybrids as the plots and sampling time according to development stages as sub-plots. Maize accumulated minimum amounts of B, Cu, Mn, and Zn in the initial stages of development, and the maximum accumulated values were observed after 100 days seedling emergency. The evaluated hybrids accumulated maximum of Zn and Cu close to physiological maturity. Maize plants accumulate nutrients in the above ground parts as follows: Zn > Mn > Cu > B. The total amount of nutrients required to produce one ton of corn is: 0.0009 kg B; 0.019 to 0.02 kg Cu; 0.042 to 0.046 kg Mn; 0.100 to 0.194 kg Zn.


1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 777-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H.M. Leferink ◽  
G.H. Gerber

AbstractThe development of adult and nymphal populations of Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), L. elisus Van Duzee, and L. borealis (Kelton) was studied in relation to seeding date and stage of plant development in four seedings of canola (cv. Westar) in field plots at Glenlea, Manitoba, in 1988 and 1989. Lygus lineolaris was the dominant species in all seedings and in both years. Colonizing adults (first-generation adults) of the three Lygus spp. first invaded the plots at about the same time from the late rosette to the early flowering stages of plant development, and Lygus adult numbers reached maxima during flowering in all seedings. The stage of plant development, and not seeding date, was important in attracting colonizing adults of Lygus to canola. Second-generation nymphs first appeared at the flowering stage of canola. All nymphal instars reached maxima and median abundances during the late flowering and pod development stages in all seedings. Second-generation adults were present from early to late pod development stages. Median abundances of second-generation adults of L. lineolaris, L. elisus, and L. borealis usually were reached at the same plant growth stage in each seeding.


2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Hebelen Rodriguez ◽  
Andreas Klumpp ◽  
Petra Högy ◽  
Andreas Fangmeier ◽  
Damián Modesto Maestri ◽  
...  

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salah Elsayed ◽  
Bodo Mistele ◽  
Urs Schmidhalter

Leaf water potential (LWP) is an important indicator of plant water status. However, its determination via classical pressure-chamber measurements is tedious and time-consuming. Moreover, such methods cannot easily account for rapid changes in this parameter arising from changes in environmental conditions. Spectrometric measurements, by contrast, have the potential for fast and non-destructive measurements of plant water status, but are not unproblematic. Spectral characteristics of plants vary across plant development stages and are also influenced by environmental factors. Thus, it remains unclear whether changes in leaf water potential per se can reliably be detected spectrometrically or whether such measurements also reflect autocorrelated changes in the leaf water content (LWC) or the aerial plant biomass. We tested the accuracy of spectrometric measurements in this context under controlled climate chamber conditions in series of six experiments that minimised perturbing influences but allowed for significant changes in the LWP. Short-term exposure of dense stands of plants to increasing or decreasing artificial light intensities in a growth chamber more markedly decreased LWP than LWC in both wheat and maize. Significant relationships (R2-values 0.74–0.92) between LWP and new spectral indices ((R940/R960)/NDVI; R940/R960) were detected with or without significant changes in LWC of both crop species. The exact relationships found, however, were influenced strongly by the date of measurement or water stress induced. Thus, global spectral relationships measuring LWP probably cannot be established across plant development stages. Even so, spectrometric measurements supplemented by a reduced calibration dataset from pressure chamber measurements might still prove to be a fast and accurate method for screening large numbers of diverse lines.


2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
The Plant Ontology Consortium

The goal of the Plant Ontology™Consortium is to produce structured controlled vocabularies, arranged in ontologies, that can be applied to plant-based database information even as knowledge of the biology of the relevant plant taxa (e.g. development, anatomy, morphology, genomics, proteomics) is accumulating and changing. The collaborators of the Plant Ontology™Consortium (POC) represent a number of core participant database groups. The Plant Ontology™Consortium is expanding the paradigm of the Gene Ontology™Consortium (http://www.geneontology.org). Various trait ontologies (agronomic traits, mutant phenotypes, phenotypes, traits, and QTL) and plant ontologies (plant development, anatomy [incl. morphology]) for several taxa (Arabidopsis, maize/corn/Zea mays and rice/Oryza) are under development. The products of the Plant Ontology™Consortium will be open-source.


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