scholarly journals Nutrient accumulation models in the banana (Musa AAA Simmonds cv Williams) plant under nitrogen doses

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Torres Bazurto ◽  
Jaiver Danilo Sanchez ◽  
Daniel Gerardo Cayon Salinas

This research determined the effect of four nitrogen (N) doses on the nutritional behavior of (N), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), respectively, in banana Williams, during five plant development stages and two productive cycles. The treatments were as follows: 1) absolute control, 2) 0 N, 3) 161 kg N ha-1, 4) 321.8 kg N ha-1 and 5) 483 kg N ha-1, respectively. A multivariate approach of the differences among cycles was used to adjust the models and eliminate their individual effect, with a randomized complete block design with repeated measurements over time. There were significant differences among plant development stages, with an increase in nutrient accumulation in the banana plant, there were no differences among treatments or blocks, nor in the interaction block by treatment, but the dose of 321.8 kg of N, exhibited a fructification increase in terms of N accumulation, harvest was exceeded by the dose of 483 kg of nitrogen, Ca and Mg, were the other nutrients, which showed effect at the dose of 483 kg of N but increasing only to harvest. It was concluded that high doses of nitrogen showed a trend to increase nutrient accumulation during the development of the banana plant, but especially until fructification, with the exception of Ca and Mg, which achieved the greatest accumulation in harvest.

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 43-44
Author(s):  
Kirsten Nickles ◽  
Alejandro E Relling ◽  
Anthony Parker

Abstract Common weaning practices in today’s beef industry involve discontinuation of the cow-calf social and nutritional bond. When this bond is discontinued, atypical behaviors of walking and vocalizing are immediately observed in the calf that negatively affect calf welfare. Global positioning systems (GPS) provide an opportunity to quantify the effects of animal activity on welfare. Utilizing GPS technology, we are able to determine total distance walked, speed, total time walking, or total time not walking and the interactions with calf production. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a familiar trainer animal on calf production during weaning and more specifically, common weaning behaviors such as walking utilizing a Garmin® product. A total of 80 Angus x Simmental heifer calves were used in this study. In all four replications, heifer calves were allotted to each treatment group (n = 10), trainer animal or control (TR, CON) on the day of weaning. Calves in the TR group were placed on pasture at weaning with the familiar trainer animal, and control calves were placed in a similar size pasture without a trainer animal. Each calf was also fitted with their own GPS collar that recorded on days 0, 7, and 14 relative to initiation of the study for a full 24 hours before removal. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design with repeated measurements (SAS 9.4). Placing calves with a familiar trainer animal decreased the distance calves walked (P = 0.001) as well as the amount of time calves were walking (P = 0.001). Placing a familiar trainer animal with calves at weaning, therefore, has an effect on walking distance and amount of time calves devote to walking.


Author(s):  
K. V. Anitha ◽  
T. Chikkaramappa ◽  
P. K. Basavaraja ◽  
N. B. Prakash ◽  
K. Murali ◽  
...  

A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Baljigapade, Chikkaballapur taluk and district, which comes under the Eastern Dry Zone of Karnataka during Kharif season 2018. The experimental plot in the field was laid out following a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with fourteen treatments and three replications. The treatments included two levels of N and P2O5 (20 and 30 kg ha-1) and three levels of K2O (10,20 and 30 kg ha-1). Farmyard manure was applied at the rate of 6.25 t ha-1 to all the treatments except absolute control. Results indicated that application of 30 kg N+30 kg P2O5+30 kg K2O ha-1 with Farm Yard Manure (FYM) increased the micronutrient availability in soil N (150.29 kg ha-1), P2O5 (17.60 kg ha-1), K2O (160.84 kg ha-1). Application of FYM @ 6.25 t ha-1+30 kg N+20 kg P2O5 +20 kg K2O ha-1 significantly increased growth, yield, macronutrient content and uptake by brown top millet grain and straw against absolute control. The grain yield of browntop millet was increased by 61.46 percent in T10 and 59.07 percent in T9 as compared to the absolute control.


2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 4-5
Author(s):  
Kirsten Nickles ◽  
Alejandro E Relling ◽  
Anthony Parker

Abstract Common industry practice is to wean beef calves prior to natural weaning with the objectives of improving cow body weight and preparing calves for the subsequent receiving, growing, and finishing phases of production. Discontinuing the cow-calf social and nutritional bond before natural weaning, however, causes atypical walking and vocalizing behaviors by calves that are detrimental to calf growth and health. A proposed alternative weaning method is the addition of a social facilitator cow at weaning to reduce calf stress. Utilizing global positioning system (GPS) technology, we were able to determine total distance walked, total time devoted to walking, and area of the pasture utilized by the calf. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a social facilitator on calf growth during weaning and more specifically, walking behaviors, utilizing a Garmin® product. Angus x Simmental heifer calves (n = 80) were used in this study, and in all four replications calves were randomly allotted to each treatment group (n = 10), social facilitator (SF) or control (CON) on the day of weaning (day 0). Calves in the SF group were placed on pasture at weaning with a social facilitator, and CON calves were placed in a similar sized pasture without a social facilitator. All calves were allocated their own GPS tracking device on days 0 (weaning), 7, and 14 for a full 24 hours before removal. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design with repeated measurements (SAS 9.4). Placing calves with a social facilitator decreased the distance walked (P = 0.001), and the amount of time calves devoted to walking (P = 0.001). Placing a social facilitator with calves at weaning, therefore, has an effect on walking distance and amount of time calves devote to walking.


2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
JAÍZA FRANCISCA RIBEIRO CHAGAS ◽  
GIL RODRIGUES DOS SANTOS ◽  
RODRIGO VERAS DA COSTA ◽  
JOHNATHAN FONTES ALVES ◽  
ILDON RODRIGUES DO NASCIMENTO

RESUMO – O nitrogênio participa de muitos processos metabólicos relacionados aos mecanismos de defesa das plantas, podendo além de beneficiar diretamente a produtividade, auxiliar na tolerância a doenças. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da adubação nitrogenada de cobertura na severidade de doenças foliares, na produtividade e nas respostas bioquímicas em híbridos de milho. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos em campo, com delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com tratamentos dispostos em arranjo de parcelas subdivididas, com três repetições. As parcelas foram constituídas pelos híbridos e as subparcelas, pelas doses de nitrogênio. Determinou-se a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD), a massa de mil grãos (g), a produtividade em kg ha-1, os teores das enzimas superóxido dismutase (SOD) e catalase (CAT), o aminoácido prolina e os aminoácidos solúveis totais. A maioria dos híbridos avaliados apresentaram resposta a mancha-de-bipolaris e a antracnose-foliar mais severa nas menores doses de nitrogênio testadas (36 e 40 kg ha-1). A ferrugem-polissora foi mais severa em condições de alto nitrogênio para os híbridos ATTACK, TRAKTOR, BM 2202 e 30F53YH. A massa de mil grãos não foi influenciada pelas diferenças nas doses. A produtividade dos híbridos 2B710 e 3H842 foi maior na dose de 180 kg ha-1. A catalase e a prolina alcançaram maior e menor atividade, respectivamente, onde ocorreu maior severidade da mancha-de-bipolaris nos híbridos 2B710 e AG7088PROX. Os aminoácidos foram encontrados em maiores quantidades nas doses altas de nitrogênio. Palavras-chave: Zea mays, nutrição, nitrogênio, patógeno, mecanismos de defesa. NITROGEN FERTILIZATION IN LEAF DISEASE SEVERITY, PRODUCTIVITY AND BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSES IN MAIZE HYBRIDS ABSTRACT - Nitrogen participates in many metabolic processes related to the defense mechanisms of plants, besides being able directly to benefit the productivity, to aid in the tolerance to diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilization on the severity of leaf diseases, productivity and biochemical responses in maize hybrids. Two experiments were conducted in the field, with a randomized complete block design, with treatments arranged in split plot arrangement, and three replications. The plots were composed of the hybrids and the subplots by the nitrogen doses. The area under the disease progress curve (AACPD), one thousand grain mass (g), yield in kg ha-1, levels of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), the amino acid proline and the total soluble amino acids were determined. Most of the evaluated hybrids showed a more severe bipolaris spot and foliar anthracnose response at the lowest nitrogen doses tested (36 and 40 kg ha-1). Polissora rust was more severe under high nitrogen conditions for the hybrids ATTACK, TRAKTOR, BM 2202 and 30F53YH. The mass of one thousand grains was not influenced by the differences in the doses. The productivity of the hybrids 2B710 and 3H842 was higher at the dose of 180 kg ha-1. Catalase and proline reached higher and lower activity, respectively, where the highest severity of the bipolaris spot occurred in hybrids 2B710 and AG7088PROX. Amino acids were found in higher amounts at high doses of nitrogen. Keywords: Zea mays, nutrition, nitrogen, pathogen, defense mechanisms.


Author(s):  
Jaime Torres-Bazurto ◽  
Stanislav Magnitskiy ◽  
Jaiver Danilo Sánchez

This research evaluated the effect of nitrogen fertilization (0, 161, 321.8, or 483 kg ha-1) on the accumulation of Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, and B in banana plants cv. Williams in two production cycles in Uraba, Colombia. The micronutrient accumulation models for the plants were obtained with a multivariate approach for differences between cycles, using a randomized complete block design with repeated measurements over time. The N doses with greater accumulation of Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and B in the plants with fruits were 321.8 and 483 kg ha-1. The average sequence of micronutrient extraction by whole plants was Fe>Mn≥Zn>B>Cu in the first cycle and Fe>Cu>Mn≥Zn>B in the second cycle. The micronutrient accumulation was organ-specific and varied depending on the stage of development. Fe was the major micronutrient extracted by the corm, pseudostem, and bunch. The leaves had the greatest accumulation of Mn. The higher fertilizer doses generated a major response in terms of micronutrient extraction by the banana plants.


2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-260
Author(s):  
Wilson Antonio Pérez ◽  
Jaime Torres-Bazurto

This research took place in Uraba, Antioquia, in the CENIBANANO-AUGURA experimental field, where a research program on nutrition and fertilization in bananas is carried out. This crop requires high amounts of nitrogen for production, so it is indispensable to evaluate the impact of these applications on the carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio) in soil. Published literature is scarce for this problem. This research evaluated the C/N ratio in areas with fertilizer applications and nutrient uptake, along with the interaction with production in a banana crop of the AAA group giant Cavendish subgroup, Williams clone, sixth generation in two production cycles. A randomized complete block design was used with five treatments that consisted of differential doses of nitrogen (161, 321.8, and 483 kg ha-1), and an omission and absolute control distributed in four replicates. The treatments with nitrogen doses generated statistical differences for the interactions between the two study zones for the percentages of carbon and total soil nitrogen and C/N ratios; the highest values were found in the fertilization zone during the first production cycle (2.47% C, 0.33% N, and 7.7 C/N ratio). The treatment with 483 kg ha-1 of N obtained the greatest increases in the values for these variables that are attributed to the highest dose of nitrogen and the residual acidity of urea that was able to release non-free carbon from the soil. For this reason, the correlation analysis for the C/N ratio and production was significant for the study areas (absorption and fertilization), inferring that higher C/N ratio values tend to increase production.


Zuriat ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhaimi Sulaiman

Screening for breeding materials for salinity tolerance is most accurately done by measuring grain yields. However, mass screening during the vegetative period of plant development using pots in a greenhouse is more effective for rapid evaluation of large amounts of germplasm.In this study, Pokkall and IR 22 cultivars were grown in pots which contained five kilograms of soil. The soil had been fertilized with four liters of Hoagland's solution which was salinized with a given concentration of 0, 1000 ppm, 2000 ppm, 3000 ppm, 4000 ppm, 5000 ppm, and 6000 ppm NaCl. Four of two weeks old seedlings were transplanted into each pot. The experiment unit were arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two replications.A salinity level of 4000 ppm NaCl (8.5 mmhos/cm EC) showed the best differentiation of phenotypic performance for the salinity tolerance evaluation four weeks after transplanting.This technique was also used for screening of 23 traditional cultivars from South Kalimantan at salinity level of 8.5 mmhos/cm EC. Pokkal was used as tolerant check, and IR 22 was use as a susceptible check.Bayar Putih, Pandak, Pucuk, Lemo, and Duyung cultivars were identified as the most tolerant cultivars. It was also found that the percentage of sodium was greater in susceptible plants than in tolerant ones. However, the differences in N, P, and K were relatively small.  


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rómulo García-Velasco ◽  
Martha Elena Mora-Herrera ◽  
Jaime Mejía-Carranza ◽  
Sotero Aguilar-Medel ◽  
Mauricio González-Millán

Peronospora sparsa Berkeley limits the production of rose as a cut flower up to 100%. In some crops, potassium phosphites are used as a sustainable alternative for the control of oomycetes. The objectives were to evaluate the biological effectivity of commercial formulations of potassium phosphite for the management of P. sparsa, and to calculate their effect on the quality of rosa cv. Samouraï® stems and flower buds. A randomized complete block design with five treatments and an absolute control with six repetitions were used for two consecutive years. The following aspects were evaluated: incidence, disease severity, biological effectiveness, and floral quality through the length and diameter of flower stems and buds. The potassium phosphites evaluated reduced incidence to 81.7% and severity from 71.7 to 97.0%, which led to a biological effectiveness of 96.9% with FosfiMax 40-20®. The Defense Ax ® treatment increased the length and diameter of the button compared to the other treatments.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Gustavo Moratelli ◽  
Silvio Douglas Ferreira ◽  
Hiago Canavessi ◽  
Emerson Fey ◽  
Marcos Antonio Sedrez Rangel ◽  
...  

The development of cassava varieties with more efficient nutrient absorption can prevent losses caused by weed competition. The objective of this study was to evaluate dry matter accumulation and leaf nutrient content in traditional and improved cassava varieties, with and without coexistence with weeds throughout the cycle. A randomized complete block design was used in a 2 x 2 x 11 factorial scheme with four replications. The first factor consisted of two varieties (Baianinha and Clone 56-03); the second factor was composed of the conditions with and without coexistence with weeds, and the third factor was 11 harvest periods. Coexistence with weeds reduced leaf contents of N (20.8% and 24.8%), P (26.7% and 4.6%) and K (27.1% and 12.6%) for 'Baianinha' and 'Clone 56-03', respectively. For coexistence with 'Baianinha', the period up to the maximum daily nutrient accumulation rate (N, P and K) ranged from 82 to 99 days after planting (DAP), while for 'Clone 56-03', coexistence in this period ranged from 80 to 88 DAP. The plants from the variety 'Clone 56-03' presented higher total dry mass and root dry mass accumulation, as well as higher leaf contents of N, P and K than the traditional cassava variety 'Baianinha', especially when in coexistence with weeds during the whole cycle.


2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-111
Author(s):  
VINÍCIUS CAMBAÚVA ◽  
FÁBIO TIRABOSCHI LEAL ◽  
LEANDRO BORGES LEMOS

RESUMO – A escolha da espécie de crotalária associada ao adequado espaçamento entrelinhas de milho possibilitao retorno econômico com o cereal e os benefícios dos adubos verdes. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar ocrescimento e desempenho agronômico do milho, a quantidade e o acúmulo de nitrogênio na palhada provenientesdos sistemas de cultivo de milho exclusivo e consorciado com Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria spectabilis e Crotalariaochroleuca e a mistura dessas espécies (“mix”). O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, emesquemas de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. As parcelas foram compostas por dois espaçamentosentrelinhas de milho: 0,45 e 0,90 m. As subparcelas foram compostas por cinco sistemas de cultivo: milho exclusivo;milho + C. juncea; milho + C. spectabilis; milho + C. ochroleuca; milho + “mix” (C. juncea, C. spectabilis e C.ochroleuca). O consórcio com a C. juncea reduz a produtividade do cereal. No entanto, sua utilização no “mix” éviável. Os espaçamentos de 0,45 e 0,90 m não influenciam o crescimento e a produtividade do milho, e a palhada dossistemas de cultivo. Os consórcios com crotalárias proporcionam maior quantidade de palhada em comparação aomilho exclusivo, embora o acúmulo de nitrogênio não seja alterado.Palavras-chave: Zea mays L., Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria spectabilis, Crotalaria ochroleuca, adubos verdes.GROWTH, YIELD AND STRAW OF EXCLUSIVE AND INTERCROPPED MAIZEWITH CROTALARIAS IN DIFFERENT ROW SPACINGSABSTRACT - The choice of the crotalaria species associated to the adequate maize row spacing allows the economicreturn with the cereal and the benefits of the green fertilizers. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate thegrowth and agronomic performance of maize, the amount and nitrogen accumulation in the straw from the exclusiveand intercropped systems of maize with Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria spectabilis and Crotalaria ochroleuca, andthe mixture of these species (“mix”). A randomized complete block design with four replications was used. The plotswere composed of two maize row spacings, 0.45 and 0.90 m. The subplots were constituted of five systems: exclusivemaize; maize + C. juncea; maize + C. spectabilis; maize + C. ochroleuca; maize + “mix” (C. juncea, C. spectabilis andC. ochroleuca). The consortium with C. juncea reduced cereal productivity. However, its use in the “mix” is feasible.Rows spacings of 0.90 and 0.45 m did not affect maize growth and yield, and straw of systems. The consortium withcrotalaria provided more straw compared to exclusive maize, although the N accumulation did not change.Keywords: Zea mays L., Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria spectabilis, Crotalaria ochroleuca, green manure crops.


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