scholarly journals Mono-Locus and Pyramided Resistant Grapevine Cultivars Reveal Early Putative Biomarkers Upon Artificial Inoculation With Plasmopara viticola

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramona Mihaela Ciubotaru ◽  
Pietro Franceschi ◽  
Luca Zulini ◽  
Marco Stefanini ◽  
Domen Škrab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmopara Viticola ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Artificial Inoculation ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Primary Compounds ◽  
Plant Metabolite ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Resistant Genotypes ◽  
Selection Of

One of the most economically important grapevine diseases is Downy mildew (DM) caused by the oomycete Plasmopara viticola. A strategy to reduce the use of fungicides to compensate for the high susceptibility of V. vinifera is the selection of grapevine varieties showing pathogen-specific resistance. We applied a metabolomics approach to evaluate the metabolic modulation in mono-locus resistant genotypes carrying one locus associated with P. viticola resistance (Rpv) (BC4- Rpv1, Bianca- Rpv3-1, F12P160- Rpv12, Solaris- Rpv10), as well as in pyramided resistant genotypes carrying more than one Rpv (F12P60- Rpv3-1; Rpv12 and F12P127- Rpv3-1, Rpv3-3; Rpv10) taking as a reference the susceptible genotype Pinot Noir. In order to understand if different sources of resistance are associated with different degrees of resistance and, implicitly, with different responses to the pathogen, we considered the most important classes of plant metabolite primary compounds, lipids, phenols and volatile organic compounds at 0, 12, 48, and 96 h post-artificial inoculation (hpi). We identified 264 modulated compounds; among these, 22 metabolites were found accumulated in significant quantities in the resistant cultivars compared to Pinot Noir. In mono-locus genotypes, the highest modulation of the metabolites was noticed at 48 and 96 hpi, except for Solaris, that showed a behavior similar to the pyramided genotypes in which the changes started to occur as early as 12 hpi. Bianca, Solaris and F12P60 showed the highest number of interesting compounds accumulated after the artificial infection and with a putative effect against the pathogen. In contrast, Pinot Noir showed a less effective defense response in containing DM growth.

scholarly journals The resistance of local grape varieties of Сrimea to

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-119
Author(s):  
А.А. Полулях ◽  
В.А. Волынкин ◽  
В.В. Лиховской
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plasmopara Viticola ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Ecological Adaptability ◽  
Base Materials ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Task Oriented ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Selection Of

Среди болезней винограда наибольший вред урожаю причиняет милдью. Возделывание устойчивых к милдью сортов винограда - один из наиболее эффективных методов контроля заболевания, который позволит повысить рентабельность производства, улучшить экологию ампелоценоза и пищевую безопасность конечной продукции. Процесс создания устойчивых к Plasmopara viticola генотипов базируется на использовании мировых генетических ресурсов винограда. Местные сорта винограда Крыма Центра коллективного пользования Ампелографическая коллекция «Магарач» (ЦКП АК «Магарач») представляют интерес для селекции как генотипы, обладающие рядом ценных хозяйственных характеристик и высокой степенью экологической адаптивности к условиям региона. Цель работы заключалась в выделении источников устойчивости к Plasmopara viticola на основе оценки восприимчивости к милдью местных сортов винограда Крыма АК «Магарач» в годы максимального развития болезни для целенаправленного и эффективного использования генофонда винограда в селекции новых генотипов, максимально адаптированных к стресс-факторам биосферы. Объектом исследования являлись 72 местных сорта винограда АК «Магарач». Оценка образцов по устойчивости к милдью проводилась в годы максимального развития болезни (1998, 2001 и 2015) согласно методике Международной Организации Винограда и Вина (МОВВ) “Codes des caracteres descriptifs des varieties et especes de Vitis”. В результате сравнительного анализа на устойчивость к милдью местных сортов винограда выявлены источники относительной устойчивости к заболеванию: Яных якуб, Херсонесский и Крона сорта - технического направления; Шабаш, Шабаш крупноягодный и Манжил ал - сорта столового направления использования; Эмир Вейс, Солнечная Долина 58 и Кутлакский черный - сорта универсального направления. Полученные результаты будут способствовать целенаправленному отбору исходного материала в селекционных программах и эффективному использованию генетических ресурсов винограда в научных исследованиях. Among grape diseases, the greatest harm to the crops is caused by mildew. The cultivation of mildew-resistant grape varieties is one of the most effective methods of disease control, which will allow increase the profitability of production, improve the ecology of ampelocenosis and food safety of final products. The process of creating genotypes resistant to Plasmopara viticola is based on the use of international grape genetic resources. Local grape varieties of Crimea gathered in the Common Use Center Ampelographic Collection Magarach (CUC AC Magarach) are of interest for breeding as genotypes with a number of valuable economic characteristics and a high degree of ecological adaptability to the conditions of the region. The aim of the work was to identify sources of resistance to Plasmopara viticola based on assessing the susceptibility of local grape varieties of Crimea in AC Magarach to mildew during the years of maximum development of the disease for the task-oriented and effective use of the grape gene pool in the selection of new genotypes, maximally adapted to stress factors of biosphere. The object of the study consisted of 72 local grape varieties of AC Magarach. The assessment of samples by resistance to mildew was carried out during years of maximum disease development (1998, 2001 and 2015) according to the methodology of the International Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV) “Codes des caracteres descriptifs des varieties et especes de Vitis”. As a result of comparative resistance analysis of local grape varieties to mildew, the sources of relative resistance to desease were identified in ‘Yanykh Yakoub’, ‘Khersonesskii’ and ‘Krona’ varieties of winemaking direction; ‘Shabash’, ‘Shabash Krupnoyagodnyi’ and ‘Manzhil Al’ varieties of table direction; ‘Emir Weiss’, ‘Solnechnaya Dolina 58’ and ‘Kutlakskii Chernyi’ varieties of all-purpose direction. The obtained results will contribute to the targeted selection of base materials in breeding programs and effective use of grape genetic resources in scientific research.

Selection of cocoa clones for resistance to Phytophthora palmivora by artificial inoculation and natural infection in the field

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanusa Rodrigues de Souza ◽  
Edna Dora Martins Newman Luz ◽  
José Luis Pires ◽  
Marcos Vinicius Oliveira dos Santos ◽  
Elisângela dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Infection ◽  
Artificial Inoculation ◽  
Phytophthora Palmivora ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Screening and selection of camptothecin producing endophytes from Nothapodytes nimmoniana

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. H. Khwajah Mohinudeen ◽  
Saumya Pandey ◽  
Hemalatha Kanniyappan ◽  
Vignesh Muthuvijayan ◽  
Smita Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Study Strategies ◽  
Selective Agent ◽  
Nothapodytes Nimmoniana ◽  
Time Consumption ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Plant Metabolite ◽  
Produce Plant ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractEndophytic fungi with the ability to produce plant based secondary metabolites are a potential alternative for producing the host plant metabolite and to prevent natural plants from extinction. To isolate a high metabolite yielding endophytic strain from plants, hundreds of endophytic strains are screened and tested for product yield separately under axenic state, before shortlisting the potential endophyte, which involves huge time consumption. In this study, strategies for screening and selection of high camptothecin yielding endophytes from their natural habitat were proposed. A correlation was built between the camptothecin yield in the explants and the endophytes isolated from them. In addition, camptothecin yield was compared between the endophytes isolated from young and matured plants. Further, camptothecin producers and non-producers strains were compared for their tolerance toward camptothecin. The study indicates that high camptothecin yielding endophytes were isolated from high yielding explants and younger plants and they were more tolerant to camptothecin in comparison to non-camptothecin yielding endophytes. Thus, choosing a young and high yielding explant for endophyte isolation, and use of camptothecin as a selective agent in the growth medium, can be instrumental in screening and selection of high camptothecin yielding endophytes from nature in relatively less time.

Quantitative Resistance to witches’ broom disease in progenies of different sources of resistance.

2021 ◽  
pp. 105678
Author(s):  
Alezania Silva Pereira ◽  
Uilson Vanderlei Lopes ◽  
José Luís Pires ◽  
Mariana Araujo Barreto ◽  
Lindolfo Pereira dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Resistance ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Broom Disease ◽  
Different Sources

Selection of M-dwarfs using Gaia, WISE, and 2MASS

2019 ◽  
Vol 490 (3) ◽  
pp. 4107-4120
Author(s):  
J Bentley ◽  
C G Tinney ◽  
S Sharma ◽  
D Wright
Keyword(s):  
Absolute Magnitude ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
M Dwarfs ◽  
Sky Survey ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Galaxy Model ◽  
M Dwarf ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Sources Of Contamination ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT We present criteria for the selection of M-dwarfs down to G < 14.5 using all-sky survey data, with a view to identifying potential M-dwarfs, to be confirmed spectroscopically by the FunnelWeb survey. Two sets of criteria were developed. The first, based on absolute magnitude in the Gaia G passband, with MG > 7.7, selects 76,392 stars, with 81.0 per cent expected to be M-dwarfs at a completeness of >97 per cent. The second is based on colour and uses Gaia, WISE, and 2MASS all-sky photometry. This criteria identifies 94,479 candidate M-dwarfs, of which between 29.4 per cent and 47.3 per cent are expected to be true M-dwarfs, and which contains 99.6 per cent of expected M-dwarfs. Both criteria were developed using synthetic galaxy model predictions, and a previously spectroscopically classified set of M- and K-dwarfs, to evaluate both M-dwarf completeness and false-positive detections (i.e. the non-M-dwarf contamination rate). Both criteria used in combination demonstrate how each excludes different sources of contamination. We therefore developed a final set of criteria that combines absolute magnitude and colour selection to identify 74,091 stars. All these sets of criteria select numbers of objects feasible for confirmation via massively multiplexed spectroscopic surveys like FunnelWeb.

scholarly journals Large drought-induced variations in oak leaf volatile organic compound emissions during PINOT NOIR 2012

Chemosphere ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. 8-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Geron ◽  
Ryan Daly ◽  
Peter Harley ◽  
Rei Rasmussen ◽  
Roger Seco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compound ◽  
Volatile Organic Compound ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Volatile Organic Compound Emissions

scholarly journals Pre-selection of apple seedlings for partial powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha Ell. et Ev. /Salm./) resistance

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Blažek
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
First Year ◽  
Podosphaera Leucotricha ◽  
Green House ◽  
Healthy State ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Resistant Genotypes ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Final Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Incidences of powdery mildew were repeatedly evaluated for two years on 1 420 young seedlings of 20 progenies (of different levels of mildew susceptibility) in a green house, and then for 10 years on 642 seedlings in an orchard. Part of the seedlings in the orchard were pre-selected for the characteristic and others not. Except for the first scoring done in the first year, there was no correlation between mildew incidence on individual seedlings in the green house and their mean performance in the orchard. The seedlings with scores above 6 (resistant or tolerant) at the first stage of evaluation in the green house, however, yielded four times more desirable seedlings after final selection in the orchard than the mean of the total. The progenies that had a better healthy state as a whole yielded more partially resistant genotypes than those with low mean scores. Therefore, the progenies that most rapidly develop infestation on the whole lot should be discarded, whereas those that retain a healthy state longer should be subjected to individual selection according to the previous item.

Genetic diversity among potato species as revealed by phenotypic resistances and SSR markers

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Carputo ◽  
D. Alioto ◽  
R. Aversano ◽  
R. Garramone ◽  
V. Miraglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Wild Potato Species ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Potato Species ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Ssr Analysis ◽  
Efficient Breeding ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

The evolutionary diversity of wild potato species makes them excellent materials for improving the narrow genetic basis of the cultivated potato Solanum tuberosum. Understanding their genetic diversity is important not only to choose the best parents for breeding, but also to design proper crossing schemes and selection strategies. The objectives of this study were to determine the resistance response to Ralstonia solanacearum, Potato virus Y and low temperatures of 21 clones of 12 potato species, and to determine their genetic diversity through simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Sources of resistance have been found for all the investigated traits, with high resistance variability not only between but also within species. Combined resistances were also identified, with positive implications for efficient breeding. SSR analysis allowed the detection of 12 loci and 46 alleles across all genotypes, with an average value of 3.8 alleles per locus. Both unique and rare alleles useful for marker-assisted selection were found. SSR-based cluster analysis revealed that resistant genotypes were distributed among all clusters, suggesting that genetically different resistant genotypes were identified. The information obtained in this study is discussed from a breeding perspective.

scholarly journals TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNERS SELF-CALIBRATION STUDY: DATUM CONSTRAINTS ANALYSES FOR NETWORK CONFIGURATIONS

2015 ◽  
Vol XL-2/W4 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Abbas ◽  
H. Setan ◽  
Z. Majid ◽  
A. K. Chong ◽  
L. Chong Luh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Network Configuration ◽  
Calibration Technique ◽  
Self Calibration ◽  
Laser Scanners ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Calibration Study ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Selection Of

Similar to other electronic instruments, terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) can also inherent with various systematic errors coming from different sources. Self-calibration technique is a method available to investigate these errors for TLS which were adopted from photogrammetry technique. According to the photogrammetry principle, the selection of datum constraints can cause different types of parameter correlations. However, the network configuration applied by TLS and photogrammetry calibrations are quite different, thus, this study has investigated the significant of photogrammetry datum constraints principle in TLS self-calibration. To ensure that the assessment is thorough, the datum constraints analyses were carried out using three variant network configurations: 1) minimum number of scan stations; 2) minimum number of surfaces for targets distribution; and 3) minimum number of point targets. Based on graphical and statistical, the analyses of datum constraints selection indicated that the parameter correlations obtained are significantly similar. In addition, the analysis has demonstrated that network configuration is a very crucial factor to reduce the correlation between the calculated parameters.

scholarly journals RNAi of a Putative Grapevine Susceptibility Gene as a Possible Downy Mildew Control Strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demetrio Marcianò ◽  
Valentina Ricciardi ◽  
Elena Marone Fassolo ◽  
Alessandro Passera ◽  
Piero Attilio Bianco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Susceptibility Gene ◽  
Plasmopara Viticola ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Reproductive Structures

Downy mildew, caused by the oomycete Plasmopara viticola, is one of the diseases causing the most severe economic losses to grapevine (Vitis vinifera) production. To date, the application of fungicides is the most efficient method to control the pathogen and the implementation of novel and sustainable disease control methods is a major challenge. RNA interference (RNAi) represents a novel biotechnological tool with a great potential for controlling fungal pathogens. Recently, a candidate susceptibility gene (VviLBDIf7) to downy mildew has been identified in V. vinifera. In this work, the efficacy of RNAi triggered by exogenous double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) in controlling P. viticola infections has been assessed in a highly susceptible grapevine cultivar (Pinot noir) by knocking down VviLBDIf7 gene. The effects of dsRNA treatment on this target gene were assessed by evaluating gene expression, disease severity, and development of vegetative and reproductive structures of P. viticola in the leaf tissues. Furthermore, the effects of dsRNA treatment on off-target (EF1α, GAPDH, PEPC, and PEPCK) and jasmonic acid metabolism (COI1) genes have been evaluated. Exogenous application of dsRNA led to significant reductions both in VviLBDIf7 gene expression, 5 days after the treatment, and in the disease severity when artificial inoculation was carried out 7 days after dsRNA treatments. The pathogen showed clear alterations to both vegetative (hyphae and haustoria) and reproductive structures (sporangiophores) that resulted in stunted growth and reduced sporulation. Treatment with dsRNA showed signatures of systemic activity and no deleterious off-target effects. These results demonstrated the potential of RNAi for silencing susceptibility factors in grapevine as a sustainable strategy for pathogen control, underlying the possibility to adopt this promising biotechnological tool in disease management strategies.

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