scholarly journals The resistance of local grape varieties of Сrimea to

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-119
Author(s):  
А.А. Полулях ◽  
В.А. Волынкин ◽  
В.В. Лиховской
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plasmopara Viticola ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Ecological Adaptability ◽  
Base Materials ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Task Oriented ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Selection Of

Среди болезней винограда наибольший вред урожаю причиняет милдью. Возделывание устойчивых к милдью сортов винограда - один из наиболее эффективных методов контроля заболевания, который позволит повысить рентабельность производства, улучшить экологию ампелоценоза и пищевую безопасность конечной продукции. Процесс создания устойчивых к Plasmopara viticola генотипов базируется на использовании мировых генетических ресурсов винограда. Местные сорта винограда Крыма Центра коллективного пользования Ампелографическая коллекция «Магарач» (ЦКП АК «Магарач») представляют интерес для селекции как генотипы, обладающие рядом ценных хозяйственных характеристик и высокой степенью экологической адаптивности к условиям региона. Цель работы заключалась в выделении источников устойчивости к Plasmopara viticola на основе оценки восприимчивости к милдью местных сортов винограда Крыма АК «Магарач» в годы максимального развития болезни для целенаправленного и эффективного использования генофонда винограда в селекции новых генотипов, максимально адаптированных к стресс-факторам биосферы. Объектом исследования являлись 72 местных сорта винограда АК «Магарач». Оценка образцов по устойчивости к милдью проводилась в годы максимального развития болезни (1998, 2001 и 2015) согласно методике Международной Организации Винограда и Вина (МОВВ) “Codes des caracteres descriptifs des varieties et especes de Vitis”. В результате сравнительного анализа на устойчивость к милдью местных сортов винограда выявлены источники относительной устойчивости к заболеванию: Яных якуб, Херсонесский и Крона сорта - технического направления; Шабаш, Шабаш крупноягодный и Манжил ал - сорта столового направления использования; Эмир Вейс, Солнечная Долина 58 и Кутлакский черный - сорта универсального направления. Полученные результаты будут способствовать целенаправленному отбору исходного материала в селекционных программах и эффективному использованию генетических ресурсов винограда в научных исследованиях. Among grape diseases, the greatest harm to the crops is caused by mildew. The cultivation of mildew-resistant grape varieties is one of the most effective methods of disease control, which will allow increase the profitability of production, improve the ecology of ampelocenosis and food safety of final products. The process of creating genotypes resistant to Plasmopara viticola is based on the use of international grape genetic resources. Local grape varieties of Crimea gathered in the Common Use Center Ampelographic Collection Magarach (CUC AC Magarach) are of interest for breeding as genotypes with a number of valuable economic characteristics and a high degree of ecological adaptability to the conditions of the region. The aim of the work was to identify sources of resistance to Plasmopara viticola based on assessing the susceptibility of local grape varieties of Crimea in AC Magarach to mildew during the years of maximum development of the disease for the task-oriented and effective use of the grape gene pool in the selection of new genotypes, maximally adapted to stress factors of biosphere. The object of the study consisted of 72 local grape varieties of AC Magarach. The assessment of samples by resistance to mildew was carried out during years of maximum disease development (1998, 2001 and 2015) according to the methodology of the International Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV) “Codes des caracteres descriptifs des varieties et especes de Vitis”. As a result of comparative resistance analysis of local grape varieties to mildew, the sources of relative resistance to desease were identified in ‘Yanykh Yakoub’, ‘Khersonesskii’ and ‘Krona’ varieties of winemaking direction; ‘Shabash’, ‘Shabash Krupnoyagodnyi’ and ‘Manzhil Al’ varieties of table direction; ‘Emir Weiss’, ‘Solnechnaya Dolina 58’ and ‘Kutlakskii Chernyi’ varieties of all-purpose direction. The obtained results will contribute to the targeted selection of base materials in breeding programs and effective use of grape genetic resources in scientific research.

scholarly journals Assessment of genetic resources of representatives of the genus Prunus L. in the conditions of the Crimea

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 02005
Author(s):  
Valentina Gorina ◽  
Vadim Korzin ◽  
Nikita Saplev ◽  
Ekaterina Melkozerova
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Late Flowering ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Modern Level ◽  
Selection Of

The aim of the work is a comprehensive assessment of the genetic resources of apricot in the Nikitsky Botanical Garden, determination of the main directions of breeding and the selection of appreciable genotypes for further most effective breeding use for creating competitive varieties, and their introduction into production. Based on the conducted studies, it was revealed that the main directions of apricot breeding at the modern level is to determine the possibility of effective targeted selection of parental pairs for creating varieties with high commercial qualities of fruits, high-yielding, resistant to abiotic and biotic stress factors, adapted to intensive cultivation technologies. It has been determined that the Zard variety, up to the second generation, transmits to its offspring late flowering and small fruiting size. The most promising apricot genotypes for cultivation in areas with unstable weather conditions in Southern Russia have been identified: Boyarin, Yaltinec, 84-951, 89-653, 99-396, 8316, 10841, 84-941, they are characterized by large or medium-sized fruits, good taste (tasting score 4.1-4.7 points, on a 5-point scale) and attractive appearance, late or mid-late flowering of plants. For breeding for late flowering is of interest: Zapozdalyj, Ozornik, 84-383, 84-895, 8319, 84-875; weak susceptibility to fungal pathogens: clasterosporium and moniliosis 84-919, 84-880, 84-383, 84-915, 84-875, 84-909, 84-803, 84-769, 84-803, 89-545, 10841; drought resistance: Krokus, Yaltinec, 87-2, 84-651, 84-942, 84-988, 84-639, 89-359, 89-526, 89-166 и 89-169. Against the background of dry growing seasons, the yield of the selected breeding forms was at the level of the control variety and higher (2.6-3.9 points).

scholarly journals Mono-Locus and Pyramided Resistant Grapevine Cultivars Reveal Early Putative Biomarkers Upon Artificial Inoculation With Plasmopara viticola

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramona Mihaela Ciubotaru ◽  
Pietro Franceschi ◽  
Luca Zulini ◽  
Marco Stefanini ◽  
Domen Škrab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmopara Viticola ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Artificial Inoculation ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Primary Compounds ◽  
Plant Metabolite ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Resistant Genotypes ◽  
Selection Of

One of the most economically important grapevine diseases is Downy mildew (DM) caused by the oomycete Plasmopara viticola. A strategy to reduce the use of fungicides to compensate for the high susceptibility of V. vinifera is the selection of grapevine varieties showing pathogen-specific resistance. We applied a metabolomics approach to evaluate the metabolic modulation in mono-locus resistant genotypes carrying one locus associated with P. viticola resistance (Rpv) (BC4- Rpv1, Bianca- Rpv3-1, F12P160- Rpv12, Solaris- Rpv10), as well as in pyramided resistant genotypes carrying more than one Rpv (F12P60- Rpv3-1; Rpv12 and F12P127- Rpv3-1, Rpv3-3; Rpv10) taking as a reference the susceptible genotype Pinot Noir. In order to understand if different sources of resistance are associated with different degrees of resistance and, implicitly, with different responses to the pathogen, we considered the most important classes of plant metabolite primary compounds, lipids, phenols and volatile organic compounds at 0, 12, 48, and 96 h post-artificial inoculation (hpi). We identified 264 modulated compounds; among these, 22 metabolites were found accumulated in significant quantities in the resistant cultivars compared to Pinot Noir. In mono-locus genotypes, the highest modulation of the metabolites was noticed at 48 and 96 hpi, except for Solaris, that showed a behavior similar to the pyramided genotypes in which the changes started to occur as early as 12 hpi. Bianca, Solaris and F12P60 showed the highest number of interesting compounds accumulated after the artificial infection and with a putative effect against the pathogen. In contrast, Pinot Noir showed a less effective defense response in containing DM growth.

scholarly journals DNA-marker based identification of the RPV3 gene determining downy mildew resistance in grapevines

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 703-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T. Ilnitskaya ◽  
M. V. Makarkina ◽  
S. V. Tokmakov ◽  
L. G. Naumova
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Dna Marker ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Plasmopara Viticola ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Allelic Status ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Genetic Analyzer ◽  
Selection Of

Downy mildew is one of the most common fungal diseases of the vine, caused by Plasmopara viticola. An effective way to control the spread of the pathogen is to cultivate resistant varieties. Cultivars of Vitis vinifera, being the basis of high-quality viticulture, practically do not possess genetic resistance to P. viticola, so screening for resistance donors is an important stage in breeding. One of the major resistance loci to downy mildew, the Rpv3 gene, was identified in the genotype of a complex interspecific hybrid of grapes Bianca. Later, it was found that this gene had seven haplotypes of resistance inherited from North American grape species, and that it was possible to identify the allelic status of the gene using DNA-markers UDV305, UDV737. However, only two haplotypes can be combined in one diploid form. To determine the Rpv3 gene in the grape gene pool we, using these markers, studied 35 different genotypes of grapevines, most of which are interspecies cultivars. Three varieties with known allelic status of the Rpv3 gene (Dunavski lazur, Noah, Seyve Villard 12-375) were included in the study as reference genotypes. The genotypes were studied through polymerase chain reaction with separation of amplification products by capillary electrophoresis in automatic genetic analyzer ABI Prism 3130. In the studied grape cultivars DNA marker analysis indentified the Rpv3 gene in sixteen genotypes of interspecific origin, including haplotype Rpv3299-279 found in twelve varieties, Rpv3321-312 – in three, and haplotype Rpv3null-271 – in one variety. Seyve Villard 12-375 turned out to be the donor of resistance gene in the most of the genotypes carrying Rpv3 in this study. The obtained data can be useful in selection of mildew resistant grape varieties and screening for hybridization pairs.

scholarly journals Distortion Effects in Equal Area Unit Maps

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen Schiewe
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spots ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
Equal Area ◽  
Topological Relationships ◽  
Area Unit ◽  
Task Oriented ◽  
Local Topology ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Local Extreme

AbstractMaps that correctly represent the geographic size and shape of regions, taking into account scaling and generalization, have the disadvantage that small regions can easily be overlooked or not seen at all. Hence, for some map use tasks where small regions are of importance, alternative map types are needed. One option is the so-called equal area unit maps (EAUMs), where every enumeration unit has the same area size, possibly also the same basic shape such as squares or hexagons. The geometrical distortion of EAUMs, however, leads to a more difficult search for regions as well as a falsification of topological relationships and spatial patterns. To describe these distortions, a set of analytical measures is proposed. But it turns out that the expressiveness of these measures is rather limited. To better understand and to model the influence of distortions, two user studies were conducted. The study on the search in EAUMs (also with the aim of reconstruct the search strategies of the users) revealed how important it is to consider the local topology (e.g. corner or border positions of regions) during the generation process. With regard to pattern identification, it could be shown that EAUMs significantly increase the detection rate of local extreme values. On the other hand, global lateral gradients or geostatistical hot spots often get blurred or even lost. As a consequence, a task-oriented selection of map types and further developments are recommended.

The effects of the World Wide Web on reading and writing skills in a Spanish cultural studies courseLos efectos de la Web en la adquisición de destrezas lectoras y escritas en un curso de cultura hispana

ReCALL ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARMEN CABOT
Keyword(s):  
Writing Skills ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The University ◽  
Task Oriented ◽  
Target Culture

This paper presents the results of a study that demonstrates an effective use of the Web as a tool to increase motivation and thus promote reading and writing skills in Spanish as well as a deeper sense of the culture of the Spanish speaking world. In the study, thirty students of second year Spanish at the University of New South Wales were required to prepare an itinerary for a trip to a Spanish speaking country of their choice using the WWW as the only resource. In general our findings regarding improved language skills were consistent with the literature: an increase of vocabulary, more use of references, more student initiated interactions and greater interactivity in the classroom amongst students were observed. There was, however, one aspect, linguistic accuracy, in which improvement was not greatly noted. The data collected confirms that a task-oriented Web based course can increase the motivation of students, improve the scope of their reading, and enhance their perception of the target culture, all with a great effect on range of language explored, learned and re-processed, but a much lesser effect on the accuracy of written language produced.

Understanding Comprehension Levels of Emergency Notifications by Limited English Proficient US Residents: Case Study of Korean-Americans in New York City

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 845-859
Author(s):  
Alice R. Jung ◽  
Kiril D. Hristovski ◽  
Jon W. Ulrich ◽  
Albert F. Brown
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Linguistically Diverse ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Diverse Environment ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Task Oriented

Abstract The overall goal of this study was to examine any validity of emerging concerns about the effectiveness and usefulness of a single language public messaging system in a linguistically diverse environment by evaluating the level of understanding of Notify NYC messages among Korean LEP residents of New York City. Three task oriented objectives were completed to address the goal of this study: (1) using past Notify NYC messages, a survey to test comprehension levels among Korean LEP residents was created; (2) the survey was administered among two population samples, Korean LEP and native English speaking (NES); and (3) statistical analysis was employed to correlate the data, conduct testing of three hypotheses, and develop appropriate conclusions. The results demonstrate that primary challenges with effective use of a single-language system in providing emergency communication to LEP residents stem from the language barriers that exist for this population category in the US. The positive pattern correlation and high coefficient of determination imply that improving the clarity of the emergency messages could enhance the overall message comprehension among the LEP US residents.

scholarly journals MOBILIZATION, CONSERVATION AND REPLENISHMENT OF GRAPEVINE GENETIC RESOURCES OF YA.I.POTAPENKO DON AMPELOGRAPHIC COLLECTION IN 2019

Russian vine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
L.G. Naumova ◽  
◽  
V.A. Ganich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Wine Making ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Grape Varieties

The article reflects the results of work on the mobilization, conservation, replenishment and study of genetic resources of grapevines of the Don ampelographic collection named after Ya.I. Potapenko (Novocherkassk, Ros-tov region) in 2019. Mobilization, conserva-tion, replenishment and study of plant bio-diversity, identification of new and assess-ment of stocks of used species, is gaining theoretical, scientific and practical signifi-cance, and is currently relevant. Most of the native and sparsely distributed grapevine varieties are now preserved only through col-lections. The process of grape selection is closely related to the need to preserve and replenish collections, since this is the main base for large-scale ampelographic and ge-netic selection works, which are currently effective and very effective in science and production and thus practically significant for the Russian grape-growing industry. Cur-rently, the preserved gene pool of grapevines in the collection includes 870 varieties, the collection is supplemented with 5 new grape varieties (Suholimanskij belyj, Traminer be-lyj, Granatovyj, Dostojnyj, Mriya). Two sources of economically valuable traits for high-quality wine – making were identified: Laсukere and Neizvestnyj donskoj varieties.

scholarly journals Wine preferences based on intrinsic attributes: A tasting experiment in Alto Adige/Südtirol province

2021 ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Luigi Fabbris ◽  
Alfonso Piscitelli
Keyword(s):  
Food Product ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Region Of Origin ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
White Wines ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Administration Procedure ◽  
Selection Of

Different methods have been developed by researchers in modelling wine consumers purchase behaviour. The quality of a food product is described by a set of characteristics ascribable to the intrinsic and extrinsic product attributes (Olson and Jacoby, 1972). Price, brand, region of origin, grapes and gained awards are the key extrinsic attributes and physical characteristics of the wine such as taste and flavour are intrinsic attributes. This paper addresses the problem of measuring the intrinsic attributes that characterise the wine, based on specific characteristics and the impact on consumers in terms of preferences. To this end, a fractional factorial experiment held on a selection of white wines of the Alto Adige/Südtirol province in Italy. The sensorial experiment involved a voluntary sample of 33 mild wine consumers and concerned 6 grape varieties typical of that territory. For each variety, two producing cellars were selected for a total of 12 evaluated wines. The experiment followed a double-blind administration procedure to the sample and a paper questionnaire was used to elicit the consumers’ opinions on the tasted wines. The results show that intrinsic attributes, such as taste-olfactory intensity, harmony and olfactory complexity, are the drivers used in combination by consumers to rank wines in order of preference.

scholarly journals Calibration and measurement capability (CMC) and customer technical qualification

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suelí Fischer Beckert ◽  
Renan Ednan Flôres
Keyword(s):  
Measuring Range ◽  
Measurement Capability ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Calibration Methods ◽  
Accredited Laboratories ◽  
Accredited Laboratory ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Formal Recognition ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Calibration And Measurement Capability

In the context of metrological confirmation, calibration is an essential process in all quality assurance efforts. Several organizations choose to outsource this activity to accredited laboratories in accordance with the requirements set forth in ISO/IEC 17025: 2017. Companies understand that accredited laboratory has formal recognition of its technical competence to perform the services within its scope of accreditation. The document ILAC P14: 2013 sets out guidelines for the presentation of Calibration and Measurement Capability (CMC). However, when analysing the scope of accredited laboratories in some national calibration bodies, it is possible to observe that, for the same instrument and the same measuring range, different values are attributed to CMC. If the CMC should result from normal calibration operations on the best existing device, what causes this dispersion? How can the customer make effective use of the information contained in accreditation scopes? In order to further standardize the presentation of CMC in accreditation scopes, calibration methods adopted by laboratories should be required to meet the maximum permissible errors established by manufacturers or normative documents. Companies can outsource calibration activities. But the selection of service provider and the interpretation of the results remains a customer assignment. The paper presents an analysis of accreditation scopes of different national calibration bodies and discusses the qualification of those in charge of metrology management, regarding the knowledge and skills required for activity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document