scholarly journals Iron Deficiency Leads to Chlorosis Through Impacting Chlorophyll Synthesis and Nitrogen Metabolism in Areca catechu L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Li ◽  
Xianmei Cao ◽  
Xiaocheng Jia ◽  
Liyun Liu ◽  
Haowei Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
Chlorophyll Synthesis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Iron Level ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Iron Supply ◽  
Areca Catechu

Deficiency of certain elements can cause leaf chlorosis in Areca catechu L. trees, which causes considerable production loss. The linkage between nutrient deficiency and chlorosis phenomenon and physiological defect in A. catechu remains unclear. Here, we found that low iron supply is a determinant for chlorosis of A. catechu seedling, and excessive iron supply resulted in dark green leaves. We also observed morphological characters of A. catechu seedlings under different iron levels and compared their fresh weight, chlorophyll contents, chloroplast structures and photosynthetic activities. Results showed that iron deficiency directly caused chloroplast degeneration and reduced chlorophyll synthesis in chlorosis leaves, while excessive iron treatment can increase chlorophyll contents, chloroplasts sizes, and inflated starch granules. However, both excessive and deficient of iron decreases fresh weight and photosynthetic rate in A. catechu seedlings. Therefore, we applied transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches to understand the effect of different iron supply to A. catechu seedlings. The genes involved in nitrogen assimilation pathway, such as NR (nitrate reductase) and GOGAT (glutamate synthase), were significantly down-regulated under both iron deficiency and excessive iron. Moreover, the accumulation of organic acids and flavonoids indicated a potential way for A. catechu to endure iron deficiency. On the other hand, the up-regulation of POD-related genes was assumed to be a defense strategy against the excessive iron toxicity. Our data demonstrated that A. catechu is an iron-sensitive species, therefore the precise control of iron level is believed to be the key point for A. catechu cultivation.

Iron deficiency is associated with poor prognosis in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
T Kurioka ◽  
H Sano ◽  
S Furuki ◽  
T Yamashita
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Prognostic Marker ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing ◽  
Iron Level ◽  
Recovery Group

Abstract Objective The effects of iron deficiency on the prognosis of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between serum iron levels and idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss prognosis and its usefulness as an independent prognostic marker for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Methods The audiological and haematological data, including hearing recovery and serum iron levels, of 103 patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss evaluated between 2015 and 2018 were retrospectively analysed. Results The overall complete recovery rate was 16.5 per cent. Initial higher hearing threshold was associated with poor idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss prognosis. Serum iron levels were significantly higher in the complete recovery group than in the non-complete recovery group (p < 0.05). Conclusion The possibility of complete recovery from idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss was significantly lower with lower serum iron levels, suggesting that the serum iron level might be a novel prognostic marker for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

The Importance of Iron To Support Optimum Cognitive Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-1) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Rini Sekartini
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Brain Anatomy ◽  
Micronutrient Status ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The fetal brain anatomy development starts during the last trimester of pregnancy and continue in early months of life. This critical process makes it vulnerable to insufficient nutrition, while brain growth continues into adulthood, micronutrient status can affect functioning beyond childhood. Iron is an important nutrient for the production and growth of cells in the immune and neural systems. Iron deficiency (ID) is the most common nutrient deficiency in the world, affecting about half of all pregnant women and their offspring. Iron deficiency anemia has long been believed to have an effect on the central nervous system. Iron deficiency in late trimester and in newborn leads to abnormal cognitive function and emotional control that may continue in adulthood. In summary, despite some evidence that iron supplementation enhances cognitive performance. Evidence of the role of iron in brain development and the effect of iron deficiency or iron supplementation on early development is uncertain.

scholarly journals Iron deficiency anemia: current strategies for the diagnosis and management

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zühre Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Ferritin Level ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Iron Level ◽  
Serum Iron Level ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Low Serum

Iron deficiency is one of the commonest nutritional deficiencies in the world. It is multifactorial and may be caused by lack of intake, blood loss and intestinal causes. Clinical features are highly variable, and most patients are asymptomatic. Typical laboratory features of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) include a hypochromic microcytic anemia, low serum iron level, high total iron binding capacity, low serum ferritin level. Usefulness of monitoring serum transferrin receptor level (sTfR) and hepcidin for identifying IDA have been examined in a few studies. Available data suggest that sTfR can potentially become a valuable tool for regular testing of patients in the future. Despite IDA is easily corrected with iron therapy, establishing the cause can be difficult, particularly in cases caused by disorders of iron transport. Education for clinician needs to focus on increasing awareness of the importance of failure respond to iron supplementation. The aim of this review was to outline the current strategies for the diagnosis and management of IDA in the light of the latest reports.

scholarly journals ROLE OF SERUM IRON AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH ANEMIC PREVALANCE AMONG PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT TYPE OF CANCER

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (5(SE)) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Andrew Pradeep M ◽  
Indira G ◽  
Sethu Nagarajan R
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Control Individual ◽  
Iron Level ◽  
Serum Iron Level ◽  
Immune Effector ◽  
Patients With Cancer

Cancer is a group of diseases in which cells are aggressive, invasive and sometimes metastatic. Nutritional status an important factor that contributes to immune competence for which trace minerals plays a crucial role in the biochemical and physiological activity of the system. Trace element a category of minerals essential for the biological system and plays an active role in immune effector mechanism.  Normal range of iron essential for body metabolism, iron deficiencies leads to anemia which might complicate the event of tumor genesis. Study involved 50 volunteers (36 females, 14 males) of cancer patients of Mohan Nursing Home Madurai. Serum was collected in the informed consent of the patients. Serum iron level was quantified using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Study documented percentage deviation of serum iron concentration (85%) with severe anemic prevalence from the control individual (without cancer) and also establish an association of iron deficiency with anemic prevalence. Study documented the existence of Iron deficiency which is the most common cause of anemia worldwide. Iron plays a role in oxygen transfer in cytochromes, protein molecules involved in the production of energy in cells and also exhibit certain properties to facilitate antitumor status. Study concludes that serum iron modulations need to be emphasized to minimize the burdenization of the host with Clinical associated complications of Iron deficiency among patients with cancer.

scholarly journals Serum Iron Level as a Potential Predictor of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Severity and Mortality: A Retrospective Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang Zhao ◽  
Jucun Huang ◽  
Dan Dai ◽  
Yuwei Feng ◽  
Liming Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Iron Level ◽  
Serum Iron Level ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Low Serum

Abstract Background Various types of pulmonary diseases are associated with iron deficiency. However, information on iron status in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is scarce. Methods This study included 50 hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19. The role of serum iron in predicting severity and mortality of COVID-19 was evaluated. Results The most common symptoms of COVID-19 patients in this study were cough (82%), fever (64%), and chest distress (42%). Of the 50 patients, 45 (90%) patients had abnormally low serum iron levels (&lt;7.8 μmol/L). The severity of COVID-19 was negatively correlated with serum iron levels before and after treatment and was positively correlated with C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, D-dimer, lactate dehydrogenase, urea nitrogen, and myoglobin levels. Decreased serum iron level could predict the transition of COVID-19 from mild to severe and critical illness. Seven (53.8%) patients with a lower serum iron level after treatment in the critical group had died. There was a significant difference in posttreatment serum iron levels between COVID-19 survivors and nonsurvivors. Conclusions Serum iron deficiency was detected in the patients with COVID-19. The severity and mortality of the disease was closely correlated with serum iron levels. Low serum iron concentration was an independent risk factor for death in COVID-19 patients.

Characteristics of Iron Dextran Utilization in Man

Blood ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
PERRY A. HENDERSON ◽  
ROBERT S. HILLMAN
Keyword(s):  
Reticuloendothelial System ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
Iron Level ◽  
Iron Dextran ◽  
Serum Iron Level ◽  
Iron Supply ◽  
Iron Deficient ◽  
Marrow Stroma ◽  
Ionic Iron ◽  
Iron Delivery

Abstract The major portion of iron dextran iron becomes available to the erythroid marrow only after uptake and release of ionic iron by the reticuloendothelial system. With large intravenous infusions, (1000-2000 mg.), the rate of removal of the iron dextran complex from plasma is enough to supply the marrow with more than 200 mg. of iron/day. However, in the present studies the observed rate of iron delivery to the erythroid marrow was far below this level. Although iron supply immediately after infusion was sufficient to permit marrow production to rise to 4-6 times normal, this was maintained for less than two weeks. With time, reticuloendothelial iron dextran stores became less available, the serum iron level fell and marrow production was restricted to levels below twice normal. In fact, large infusion doses and prolonged storage may have made a portion of the iron dextran stores completely unavailable. Thus, an iron deficient type of erythropoiesis appeared in some patients while iron dextran stores were still readily visible on examination of marrow stroma.

scholarly journals Liver iron sensing and body iron homeostasis

Blood ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Yu Wang ◽  
Jodie L. Babitt
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Hereditary Hemochromatosis ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Iron Loading ◽  
Liver Iron ◽  
Body Iron ◽  
Iron Supply

Abstract The liver orchestrates systemic iron balance by producing and secreting hepcidin. Known as the iron hormone, hepcidin induces degradation of the iron exporter ferroportin to control iron entry into the bloodstream from dietary sources, iron recycling macrophages, and body stores. Under physiologic conditions, hepcidin production is reduced by iron deficiency and erythropoietic drive to increase the iron supply when needed to support red blood cell production and other essential functions. Conversely, hepcidin production is induced by iron loading and inflammation to prevent the toxicity of iron excess and limit its availability to pathogens. The inability to appropriately regulate hepcidin production in response to these physiologic cues underlies genetic disorders of iron overload and deficiency, including hereditary hemochromatosis and iron-refractory iron deficiency anemia. Moreover, excess hepcidin suppression in the setting of ineffective erythropoiesis contributes to iron-loading anemias such as β-thalassemia, whereas excess hepcidin induction contributes to iron-restricted erythropoiesis and anemia in chronic inflammatory diseases. These diseases have provided key insights into understanding the mechanisms by which the liver senses plasma and tissue iron levels, the iron demand of erythrocyte precursors, and the presence of potential pathogens and, importantly, how these various signals are integrated to appropriately regulate hepcidin production. This review will focus on recent insights into how the liver senses body iron levels and coordinates this with other signals to regulate hepcidin production and systemic iron homeostasis.

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) cultivar response to boron deficiency

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 883-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Shelp ◽  
R. Penner ◽  
Z. Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Boron Deficiency ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
High Susceptibility ◽  
Inflorescence Development ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Percent Decline

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) cultivar, Commander, characterized by low susceptibility to the hollow stem disorder commonly associated with boron (B) deficiency was compared to one with high susceptibility (cv. Stolto) and to two which are grown commercially (cvs. Baccus and Premium Crop). Beginning 3 wk after germination plants grown in a glasshouse in vermiculite were supplied continuously with a nutrient solution containing adequate B (0.5 mg L−1) or none (deficient), or were supplied initially with 0.5 mg B L−1 up to the initiation of inflorescence development after which no B was supplied. All cultivars showed visible symptoms of B deficiency (leaf midrib cracking, stem corkiness, necrotic lesions and hollowing in the stem pith) and reductions in shoot fresh weight with the zero B treatment, but Commander was least affected. Also, the B concentrations of the florets from Commander were highest and showed the lowest percent decline relative to the 0.5 mg B L−1 treatment. When B was removed from the nutrient solution at initiation of inflorescence development, the B concentrations of the florets and young leaves of all cultivars were higher than in the zero B treatment. Compared to the 0.5 mg B L−1 treatment, the B concentrations of old leaves from all cultivars were reduced, but only in Premium Crop was the floret B significantly decreased.Key words: Boron nutrition, Brassica, broccoli, nutrient deficiency, retranslocation

Subclinical Iron Deficiency in Non-Anemic Individuals: A Retrospective Analysis of Korean Health Examinees

2019 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Eun-Hee Nah ◽  
Han-Ik Cho ◽  
Seon Cho ◽  
Suyoung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Iron Level ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Elderly Males ◽  
Males And Females

Objectives: Non-anemic individuals may have undetected subclinical iron deficiency (SID). The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of SID and identify the associated factors for SID. In addition, the screening performance of red blood cell (RBC) indices for SID in health check-ups was assessed. Methods: This study was conducted with 16,485 non-anemic health examinees (3,567 males and 12,918 females) who underwent tests for iron variables (serum iron, total iron-binding capacity, ferritin, and iron saturation) at 16 health-promotion centers in 13 cities in Korea between January 2017 and June 2018. SID was defined as a decreased ferritin level (<24 µg/L in males and <15 µg/L in females) and either a decreased serum iron level (<44 µg/dL in males and <29 µg/dL in females) or a transferrin saturation of <20%. Results: The prevalence rates of SID were 0.6 and 3.3% in males and females, respectively. In terms of age and sex, SID was most prevalent in males aged ≥70 years (7.8%) and females aged 15–49 years (7.6%). There were significant differences in the hemoglobin (Hb) level, white blood cell count, platelet count, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular Hb (MCH), and RBC distribution width (RDW) between the SID and non-SID groups (p < 0.001). The factors associated with SID in males were older age (odds ratio, OR, 1.069, 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.03–1.109, p = 0.004), lower Hb (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.345–0.976, p = 0.04), lower MCH (OR 0.433, 95% CI 0.298–0.629, p < 0.001), and higher RDW (OR 1.374, 95% CI 1.001–1.887, p = 0.049), while in females they were lower body mass index (BMI; OR 0.929, 95% CI 0.895–0.963, p < 0.001) and younger age (OR 0.954, 95% CI 0.945–0.963, p < 0.001), as well as lower Hb, lower MCH, and higher RDW. The AUC for the MCH (0.877, 95% CI 0.793–0.960 in males; 0.872, 95% CI 0.853–0.890 in females) indicates that the MCH at cut-offs of 29.2 and 29.3 pg are the best discriminators of SID in males and females, respectively (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Reproductive-age females with a lower BMI and elderly males are high-risk groups for SID. MCH is a reliable RBC index for the screening of SID. For the population with defined risk factors, including females with lower BMI and elderly males, screening for SID is needed to prevent the development of anemia.

Correction of iron deficiency in peas by foliar sprays

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (82) ◽  
pp. 758 ◽  
Author(s):  
MT Seeliger ◽  
DE Moss
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Ferrous Sulphate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Black Clay ◽  
Marsh Spot ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Iron Sulphate

A severe iron deficiency in peas grown on grey to black clay loam soil overlying limestone (rendzina) was successfully ameliorated by foliar application of ferrous sulphate. Two applications, three weeks apart, increased the fresh weight of peas harvested by more than 100 per cent (P < 0.001). The two sprays also increased the numbers of pods, dry weight of the pods, fresh weight per pea and maturity of the peas (all P < 0.001), and herbage yield (P < 0.01). One application of iron sulphate was insufficient to arrest completely the symptoms of iron deficiency. The peas did not show vegetative or marsh spot symptoms of manganese deficiency, and there were no significant changes in measurements to manganese sprays.

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