Time-Dependent Effects of Acute Exercise on University Students’ Cognitive Performance in Temperate and Cold Environments

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate potential sex-specific differences on episodic memory function and determine whether sex moderates the effects of acute exercise on episodic memory.Methods: A randomized controlled intervention was employed. This experiment was conducted among young University students (mean age = 21 years). Both males (n=20) and females (n=20)completed two counterbalanced laboratory visits, with one visit involving a 15-minute bout of moderate-intensity exercise prior to the memory task. The control visit engaged in a time matched seated task. Memory function (including short-term memory, learning, and long-term memory) was assessed from the RAVLT (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test).Results: We observed a significant main effect for time (P<0.001, ƞ2p= 0.77) and a marginally significant main effect for sex (P=0.06, ƞ2p= 0.09), but no time by sex by condition interaction(P=0.91, ƞ2p= 0.01). We also observed some suggestive evidence of a more beneficial effect of acute exercise on memory for females. Conclusion: In conclusion, females outperformed males in verbal memory function. Additional research is needed to further evaluate whether sex moderates the effects of acute exercise on memory function.

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Acute Exercise Induced Mitochondrial H2O2Production in Mouse Skeletal Muscle: Association with p66Shcand FOXO3a Signaling and Antioxidant Enzymes

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2015/536456 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Ping Wang ◽

Chun Guang Li ◽

Zhengtang Qi ◽

Di Cui ◽

Shuzhe Ding

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Acute Exercise ◽

Exercise Group ◽

Time Dependent ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Complex Interplay ◽

Muscle Tissues ◽

Exercise Muscle ◽

Exercise Induced

Exercise induced skeletal muscle phenotype change involves a complex interplay between signaling pathways and downstream regulators. This study aims to investigate the effect of acute exercise on mitochondrial H2O2production and its association withp66Shc, FOXO3a, and antioxidant enzymes. Male ICR/CD-1 mice were subjected to an acute exercise. Muscle tissues (gastrocnemius and quadriceps femoris) were taken after exercise to measure mitochondrial H2O2content, expression ofp66Shcand FOXO3a, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The results showed that acute exercise significantly increased mitochondrial H2O2content and expressions ofp66Shcand FOXO3a in a time-dependent manner, with a linear correlation between the increase in H2O2content andp66Shcor FOXO3a expression. The activity of mitochondrial catalase was slightly reduced in the 90 min exercise group, but it was significantly higher in groups with 120 and 150 min exercise compared to that of 90 min exercise group. The activity of SOD was not significantly affected. The results indicate that acute exercise increases mitochondrial H2O2production in the skeletal muscle, which is associated with the upregulation ofp66Shcand FOXO3a. The association ofp66Shcand FOXO3a signaling with exercise induced H2O2generation may play a role in regulating cellular oxidative stress during acute exercise.

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The Immediate and Delayed Effects of an Acute Bout of Exercise on Cognitive Performance of Healthy Older Adults

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1123/japa.18.1.87 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 87-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

Lisa A. Barella ◽

Jennifer L. Etnier ◽

Yu-Kai Chang

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Stroop Task ◽

Test Performance ◽

Acute Exercise ◽

Short Term ◽

Color Test ◽

Acute Bout ◽

Healthy Older Adults ◽

Delayed Effects

Research on the acute effects of exercise on cognitive performance by older adults is limited by a focus on nonhealthy populations. Furthermore, the duration of cognitive improvements after exercise has not been examined. Thus, this study was designed to test the immediate and delayed effects of acute exercise on cognitive performance of healthy older adults. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Stroop task. Participants were randomly assigned to an exercise (20 min of walking) or control (sitting quietly) condition. The Stroop task was administered at baseline and at 12 time points after treatment. Acute exercise resulted in better Stroop test performance immediately postexercise; however, the effects were limited to the color test. No effects of exercise on performance were observed for the Stroop interference or inhibition tests. Findings suggest that acute exercise performed by healthy older adults has short-term benefits for speed of processing but does not affect other types of cognitive functioning.

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High-intensity interval exercise in the cold regulates acute and postprandial metabolism

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00384.2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Stephanie Munten ◽

Lucie Ménard ◽

Jeffrey Gagnon ◽

Sandra C. Dorman ◽

Ania Mezouari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Oxidation ◽

High Intensity ◽

Acute Exercise ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Postprandial Metabolism ◽

Interval Exercise ◽

Cold Environments ◽

Postprandial Lipid Metabolism ◽

Postprandial Lipid ◽

High Intensity Interval

High-Intensity Interval Exercise (HIIE) has been shown to be more effective than moderate-intensity exercise for increasing acute lipid oxidation and lowering blood lipids during exercise and postprandially. Exercise in cold environments is also known to enhance lipid oxidation, however the immediate and long-term effects of HIIE exercise in cold are unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects cold stress during HIIE on acute exercise metabolism and postprandial metabolism. Eleven recreationally active individuals (age: 23±3 years, weight: 80±9.7 kg, V̇O2peak: 39.2±5.73 mL·kg-1·min-1) performed evening HIIE sessions (10x60s cycling, 90% V̇O2peak interspersed with 90s active recovery, 30% V̇O2peak) in thermoneutral (HIIE-TN, control; 21°C) and cold environments (HIIE-CO; 0°C), following a balanced crossover design. The following morning, participants consumed a high-fat meal. Indirect calorimetry was used to assess substrate oxidation, and venous blood samples were obtained to assess changes in noncellular metabolites. During acute exercise, lipid oxidation was 113% higher in HIIE-CO (p=0.002) without differences in V̇O2 and EE (p≥0.162) between conditions. Postprandial V̇O2, lipid and CHO oxidation, plasma insulin and triglyceride concentrations were not different between conditions (p>0.05). Postprandial blood LDL-C levels were higher in HIIE-CO two hours after the meal (p=0.003). Postprandial glucose AUC was 49% higher in HIIE-CO vs HIIE-TN (p=0.034). Under matched energy expenditure conditions, HIIE demonstrated higher lipid oxidation rates during exercise in the cold; but only marginally influenced postprandial lipid metabolism the following morning. In conclusion, HIIE in the cold seemed to be less favorable for postprandial lipid and glycemic responses.

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Hydration effects on cognitive performance during military tasks in temperate and cold environments

Physiology & Behavior ◽

10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.11.028 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 93 (4-5) ◽

pp. 748-756 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Gina E. Adam ◽

Robert Carter ◽

Samuel N. Cheuvront ◽

Donna J. Merullo ◽

John W. Castellani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Performance ◽

Cold Environments

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Temporal dynamics of endogenous attentional modulation without cue awareness

10.1101/319137 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Yuma Osako ◽

Shota Murai ◽

Jun Shimpaku ◽

Kohta I. Kobayasi

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Performance ◽

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Time Dependent ◽

Logarithmic Scale ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Attentional Modulation ◽

Memory Array ◽

Attentional Effect ◽

Direction Awareness ◽

Target Memory

ABSTRACTInvisible visual stimuli can regulate our broad cognitive performance in the pursuit of current goals. Endogenous spatial attention is an important modulator of cognitive performance, and it can be triggered by unconscious cues. However, how its effect changes with time remains unclear. Here, we show that endogenous attention was triggered by an arrow-cue whose direction participants reported being unaware of but which affected the task performance in a time-dependent manner. Participants were asked to remember the directions of eight Landolt c rings (target memory array) after arrow-cue presentation, which was designed to orient their attention to a certain c ring. Then, we applied a delay, ranging from 83 ms to 1000 ms, between the arrow-cue and the target memory array presentation (the possible delays were equally spaced on a logarithmic scale). The attentional effect was greater for the 83, 183, 250 and 333 ms delays than the other six possible delays. In contrast, its effect was maintained irrespective of the delay when the participants reported being aware of the cue direction. Thus, awareness of arrow-cue direction was necessary to maintain endogenous attentional modulation, and its modulation without arrow-cue direction awareness was limited in a time-dependent manner.

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Corrigendum to “The effects of acute exercise on cognitive performance: A meta-analytic review” [Brain Res. 1453 (2012) 87–101]

Brain Research ◽

10.1016/j.brainres.2012.06.039 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 1470 ◽

pp. 159 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Y.K. Chang ◽

J.D. Labban ◽

J.I. Gapin ◽

J.L. Etnier

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Performance ◽

Acute Exercise ◽

Analytic Review

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Effects of a Mindfulness Meditation Course on Learning and Cognitive Performance among University Students in Taiwan

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2015/254358 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Ho-Hoi Ching ◽

Malcolm Koo ◽

Tsung-Huang Tsai ◽

Chiu-Yuan Chen

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

University Students ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Mindfulness Meditation ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Vigilance Task ◽

Analysis Of Covariance ◽

Cognitive Tasks ◽

Attention And Memory ◽

Learning Effectiveness

Mindfulness training has recently gained much research interest because of its putative benefits for both mental and physical health. However, little is available in its effects on Asian students. Therefore, a quasi-experimental pre/posttest design was used to assess the effects of a one-semester mindfulness meditation course in 152 first-year Taiwanese university students and compared with 130 controls. The Chinese version of the College Learning Effectiveness Inventory (CLEI) and a computer software program focused on specific cognitive tasks were used for the evaluation. Results from the analysis of covariance revealed that while the score of the full CLEI scale was significantly higher in the intervention group compared with the control (P=0.022), none of the comparisons between the nine CLEI subscales were significantly different between the two groups. For the computer cognitive tasks, the intervention group exhibited significantly better performance in the accuracy of the digital vigilance task (P=0.048), choice reaction time (P=0.004), spatial working memory (P=0.042), and digital vigilance task reaction time (P=0.004). This study showed that a one-semester mindfulness meditation course was able to improve learning effectiveness and both attention and memory aspects of cognitive performance among Taiwanese university students.Corrigendum to “Effects of a Mindfulness Meditation Course on Learning and Cognitive Performance among University Students in Taiwan”

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