Individual Differences in Vicarious Pain Perception Linked to Heightened Socially Elicited Emotional States

AbstractMusic-induced analgesia (MIA) is a phenomenon that describes a situation in which listening to music influences pain perception. The heterogeneity of music used in MIA studies leads to a problem of a specific effect for an unspecified stimulus. To address this, we use a previously established model of musical preferences that categorizes the multidimensional sonic space of music into three basic dimensions: arousal, valence and depth. Participants entered an experimental pain stimulation while listening to compilations of short musical excerpts characteristic of each of the three attribute dimensions. The results showed an effect on the part of music attribute preferences on average pain, maximal pain, and pain tolerance after controlling for musical attributes and order effects. This suggests that individual preferences for music attributes play a significant role in MIA and that, in clinical contexts, music should not be chosen arbitrarily but according to individual preferences.

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Quality of Life Change and Individual Differences in Stimulus Screening in Relation to Incidence of Illness

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1977.41.1.267 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 267-278 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Albert Mehrabian ◽

Marion Ross

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Individual Differences ◽

Well Being ◽

High Rate ◽

Life Change ◽

Emotional States ◽

Life Changes ◽

Comprehensive Description ◽

High Arousal

A considerable amount of evidence indicates that a high rate of life changes—a source of continued and unavoidable arousal—is detrimental to health and psychological well-being. The present study hypothesized that sustained high-arousal states are unpreferred and that the persistence of unpreferred emotional states is harmful. Using a conceptual framework for a comprehensive description of emotional states and the differential preferences for these, it is possible to make more precise predictions on the illness consequences of emotionally unpreferred life changes. Particular hypotheses which received support were that more arousing life changes are more conducive to illness; that among the more arousing life changes, unpleasant changes are associated with more illness than pleasant ones; that unpleasant life changes are more detrimental to health when combined with dominance-inducing life changes; and that arousing life changes are particularly harmful to more arousable (non-screening) individuals.

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Individual differences in pain perception confirmed

The Lancet Neurology ◽

10.1016/s1474-4422(03)00469-1 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 2 (8) ◽

pp. 454 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marilynn Larkin

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Pain Perception

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Adaptive Personalized Multiple Machine Learning Architecture for Estimating Human Emotional States

Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics ◽

10.20965/jaciii.2020.p0668 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (5) ◽

pp. 668-675

Author(s):

Akihiro Matsufuji ◽

◽

Eri Sato-Shimokawara ◽

Toru Yamaguchi

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Individual Differences ◽

Internal State ◽

Weighted Average ◽

Learning System ◽

Emotional States ◽

Characteristic Model ◽

Ensemble Machine Learning ◽

Model Training ◽

Future Education

Robots have the potential to facilitate the future education of all generations, particularly children. However, existing robots are limited in their ability to automatically perceive and respond to a human emotional states. We hypothesize that these sophisticated models suffer from individual differences in human personality. Therefore, we proposed a multi-characteristic model architecture that combines personalized machine learning models and utilizes the prediction score of each model. This architecture is formed with reference to an ensemble machine learning architecture. In this study, we presented a method for calculating the weighted average in a multi-characteristic architecture by using the similarities between a new sample and the trained characteristics. We estimated the degree of confidence during a communication as a human internal state. Empirical results demonstrate that using the multi-model training of each person’s information to account for individual differences provides improvements over a traditional machine learning system and insight into dealing with various individual differences.

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Inter-individual differences in pain anticipation and pain perception in migraine: Neural correlates of migraine frequency and cortisol-to-dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) ratio

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0261570 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (12) ◽

pp. e0261570

Author(s):

Gyöngyi Kökönyei ◽

Attila Galambos ◽

Natália Kocsel ◽

Edina Szabó ◽

Andrea Edit Édes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Allostatic Load ◽

Pain Perception ◽

Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Episodic Migraine ◽

Neural Activation ◽

Migraine Frequency ◽

Two Phases ◽

The Brain

Previous studies targeting inter-individual differences in pain processing in migraine mainly focused on the perception of pain. Our main aim was to disentangle pain anticipation and perception using a classical fear conditioning task, and investigate how migraine frequency and pre-scan cortisol-to-dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) ratio as an index of neurobiological stress response would relate to neural activation in these two phases. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data of 23 participants (18 females; mean age: 27.61± 5.36) with episodic migraine without aura were analysed. We found that migraine frequency was significantly associated with pain anticipation in brain regions comprising the midcingulate and caudate, whereas pre-scan cortisol-to DHEA-S ratio was related to pain perception in the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA). Both results suggest exaggerated preparatory responses to pain or more general to stressors, which may contribute to the allostatic load caused by stressors and migraine attacks on the brain.

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Trait Emotion Regulation Predicts Individual Differences in Momentary Emotion and Experience

Imagination Cognition and Personality ◽

10.1177/0276236618781775 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 349-377

Author(s):

Reed Maxwell ◽

Steven Jay Lynn ◽

Gregory P. Strauss

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Individual Differences ◽

Real Time ◽

Emotional Reactivity ◽

Emotional States ◽

Expressive Suppression ◽

Future Directions ◽

Emotion Regulation Strategy ◽

Regulation Strategies ◽

Open Question

A sizable literature has yet to establish a reliable empirical connection between the trait conceptualization of emotion regulation as habitual, cross-situation emotion regulation tendencies and its state conceptualization as real-time, fluid, momentary emotion–situation interactivity and dependency. Thus, an open question remains: Do self-reported differences in tendencies to use one or another emotion regulation strategy predict self-reported, momentary emotional states and experiences, and are differences in these emotional states consistent with differences in emotional reactivity observed in previous studies among individuals in experimental paradigms asked to make real-time use of the emotion regulation strategies represented by these trait measures? If trait measures of emotion regulation validly reflect actual uses of particular strategies (e.g., expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal), then these measures should predict individual differences in momentary emotions and experiences associated with habitual use of these strategies. Examining a sample of 177 participants, we found that differential endorsements of habitual strategy use on these measures were associated with individual differences in self-reported momentary emotion and experience that correspond to well-documented differences in reactivity reported among individuals instructed to apply these strategies in experimental settings. Limitations of these findings and suggestions for future directions are discussed.

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Emotional Creativity: Toward “Spiritualizing the Passions”

The Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195187243.013.0023 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 248-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

James R. Averill

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Negative Emotions ◽

Emotional States ◽

Spiritual Experiences ◽

Similar Vein

Emotional states are typically viewed negatively: Our fears, angers, and sorrows seem to outweigh our joys and pleasures. Yet, it is hard to imagine life without ostensibly negative emotions. The solution, Nietzsche suggested, is to spiritualize the passions, the negative as well as the positive. And what might that entail? Whatever else, spiritualizing the passions requires creativity. In this chapter, we explore how standard criteria for creativity (novelty, effectiveness, and authenticity) apply to emotional as well as to intellectual and artistic responses. In a similar vein, we show how characteristics commonly associated with spiritual experiences (meaning, vitality, and connectedness) apply to emotionally creative responses. Finally, data are presented that relate individual differences in emotional creativity to a spiritualization of the passions, at the high end of the creativity continuum; and to its opposite, a despiritualization of the passions (neurosis), at the low end.

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Why Do People Believe What They Do? A Functionalist Perspective

Review of General Psychology ◽

10.1037/gpr0000085 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 399-411 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Matthew Tyler Boden ◽

Howard Berenbaum ◽

James J. Gross

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Psychological Functioning ◽

Belief Change ◽

Future Research ◽

Emotional States ◽

Research Directions ◽

Integrative Framework ◽

The World ◽

Growing Body ◽

Future Research Directions

Why do people believe what they do? Scholars and laypeople alike tend to answer this question by focusing on the representational functions of beliefs (i.e., representing the world accurately). However, a growing body of theory and research indicates that beliefs also can serve important hedonic functions (i.e., decreasing/increasing negative or positive emotional states). In this article, we describe: (a) the features of belief; (b) the functions served by beliefs, with a focus on the hedonic function; (c) an integrative framework highlighting the hedonic function and contrasting it with the representational function; and (d) the implications of our framework, and related future research directions for individual differences in belief, belief change, and the ways in which beliefs contribute to adaptive versus maladaptive psychological functioning.

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Inter-individual differences in successful perspective taking during pain perception mediates emotional responsiveness in self and others: An fMRI study

NeuroImage ◽

10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.10.003 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 65 ◽

pp. 387-394 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Linda van der Heiden ◽

Sigrid Scherpiet ◽

Lilian Konicar ◽

Niels Birbaumer ◽

Ralf Veit

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Perspective Taking ◽

Pain Perception ◽

Emotional Responsiveness ◽

Fmri Study

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The Role of Interoceptive Sensibility and Emotional Conceptualization for the Experience of Emotions

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.712418 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Carlos Ventura-Bort ◽

Julia Wendt ◽

Mathias Weymar

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Meaning Making ◽

Principal Component ◽

Well Being ◽

Semantic Knowledge ◽

Reconstruction Method ◽

Emotional States ◽

Emotion Differentiation ◽

Internal States ◽

Prior Experiences

The theory of constructed emotions suggests that different psychological components, including core affect (mental and neural representations of bodily changes), and conceptualization (meaning-making based on prior experiences and semantic knowledge), are involved in the formation of emotions. However, little is known about their role in experiencing emotions. In the current study, we investigated how individual differences in interoceptive sensibility and emotional conceptualization (as potential correlates of these components) interact to moderate three important aspects of emotional experiences: emotional intensity (strength of emotion felt), arousal (degree of activation), and granularity (ability to differentiate emotions with precision). To this end, participants completed a series of questionnaires assessing interoceptive sensibility and emotional conceptualization and underwent two emotion experience tasks, which included standardized material (emotion differentiation task; ED task) and self-experienced episodes (day reconstruction method; DRM). Correlational analysis showed that individual differences in interoceptive sensibility and emotional conceptualization were related to each other. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed two independent factors that were referred to as sensibility and monitoring. The Sensibility factor, interpreted as beliefs about the accuracy of an individual in detecting internal physiological and emotional states, predicted higher granularity for negative words. The Monitoring factor, interpreted as the tendency to focus on the internal states of an individual, was negatively related to emotional granularity and intensity. Additionally, Sensibility scores were more strongly associated with greater well-being and adaptability measures than Monitoring scores. Our results indicate that independent processes underlying individual differences in interoceptive sensibility and emotional conceptualization contribute to emotion experiencing.

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