scholarly journals Perceived Threat of the Coronavirus and the Role of Trust in Safeguards: A Case Study in Slovakia

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Kanovsky ◽  
Júlia Halamová
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Emergency Communication ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Instrument Measuring

In this exploratory research study, we developed an instrument to investigate people’s confidence in safeguarding measures [Confidence in Safeguards Scale (CSS)] and we adapted an instrument measuring perceived risk of coronavirus [perceived risk of coronavirus scale (PRCS)] that was originally based on a perceived risk of HIV measure. We then explored the effect of public confidence in safeguarding measures designed to halt the spread of the coronavirus on perceived risk, controlling for related covariates. The sample consisted of N = 565 respondents; 119 were males (21.1%) and 446 were females (78.9%). Mean age was 35.42 (SD = 13.11), range was 18–77 years. We used convenience sampling to gather the data at the end of March 2020 via social media in Slovakia. The CSS showed good reliability levels and a three-factor structure: Confidence in Institutions, Confidence in Personal and Family Behaviors, and Confidence in Others’ Behaviors. The PRCS showed good reliability levels and a two-factor structure: Fear of Contraction and Perceived Likelihood of Contraction. Participants with higher levels of Confidence in Others’ Behaviors perceived the spread of the coronavirus to be less threatening, both cognitively (less perceived likelihood of contraction) and affectively (less fear of contraction). This finding could be used when designing public health policy and emergency communication. Enhancing confidence in others’ behaviors could encourage individual responsibility, social responsibility, and solidarity through social bonds extending beyond the family. In future research we plan to replicate the data collection using the same instruments in different countries so the results are comparable across cultures and can be used to improve emergency communication.

scholarly journals Measuring the independence of audit oversight entities: a comparative empirical analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Loehlein
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Accounting Scandals ◽  
Independent Audit

Purpose Independent audit oversight is a prerequisite for restoring public confidence in financial reporting and auditing after the past accounting scandals and the financial crisis. By analysing and comparing the independence of the audit oversight boards of 27 European Member States and the USA, this study aims to provide insights into the question of how independent “independent” audit oversight boards are. Design/methodology/approach Independence is measured in terms of the organisational compositions and regulatory competences of the audit oversight authorities. The data were collected through an e-mail questionnaire that was sent to all European oversight authorities, and by analysing legal provisions of various regulators. The results are analysed and visualised by a Partial Order Scalogram Analysis with Coordinates, which allows conclusions about the similarities of various systems and their relative levels of independence. Both measurements are then equally combined into one value of material independence, which is used to rank the oversight authorities. Findings Although all countries encounter similar pressures to establish profession-independent oversight systems, this study identifies how differently “independence” has been translated in regulatory outcomes. While all countries claim to possess formal independent oversight bodies, there is a visible gap between countries with comparatively strong independent oversight authorities and systems in which accounting bodies still maintain far-reaching regulatory influence. At the same time, the results question the role of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) as the globally perceived benchmark of an entirely independent regulator. Research limitations/implications This study focuses on formal independence rather than de-facto independence. Future research has, therefore, to address how these formal arrangements have evolved in regulatory practice. Practical implications Policy makers around the world perceive independent oversight as one of the essential elements of regulatory reforms aiming at restoring public confidence in the aftermath of past accounting scandals. This study enables the comparison and benchmarking of national specific regulatory designs with other forms of independent oversight. Originality/value Although the role of independent regulation is a recurring theme in accounting research, a systematic and encompassing comparison of the intertwining of audit oversight authorities and the accounting profession has not yet been provided. This study takes a first step towards providing a quantifiable measure of the formal independence of audit oversight authorities by mobilizing concepts, methods and prior findings from the field of public policy research.

From Rural Majority to Urban Majority Africans

2018 ◽  
pp. 1505-1526
Author(s):  
Umar G. Benna
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
High Population Growth

Africa is experiencing triple processes of high population growth, rapid urbanization, and digital transformation. The undercurrents of these processes suggest that the continent is turning from rural majority to urban majority, and this situation raises the question of where will this majority work? Arab Spring and the turbulent situation in the Middle East suggest what could be the result of inaction. This chapter attempts to answer this question by using exploratory research method to highlight the potential role of mainly young entrepreneurs to define, through online questionnaire responses, their preferred terrain of workplace creation in local areas, cities, rural areas and in the diverse regions of Africa as well as on the ubiquitous online work environment extending from home to anywhere in the continent. The chapter ends with a review of the observations and suggestions about future research.

scholarly journals The Role of Qualitative Research in Clinical Trial Development: The EASE Back Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadette Bartlam ◽  
Jacqueline Waterfield ◽  
Annette Bishop ◽  
Melanie A. Holden ◽  
Panos Barlas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Physical Therapists ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Sequential Mixed Methods ◽  
Pilot Rct

This article outlines the rationale for adopting a mixed methods approach within randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and explores challenges associated in doing so. Taking the example of the EASE Back feasibility and pilot study ( Evaluating Acupuncture and Standard care for pregnant wom En with BACK pain: ISRCTN49955124), we detail why and how we operationalized a concurrent-sequential mixed methods research design. We present key findings from the exploratory research (focus groups and interviews) and explain how these were integrated with descriptive findings (a national survey of physical therapists) in order to inform and refine the design of the explanatory phase (the pilot RCT). We conclude with a discussion of lessons learned and implications for future research design and conduct.

Exploring Factors That Drive Adoption of Various Categories of M-commerce: An Emerging Market Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 526-546
Author(s):  
Shweta Pandey ◽  
Deepak Chawla
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Personal Innovativeness ◽  
Structured Equation Modeling ◽  
Effort Expectancy ◽  
Facilitating Conditions

The study examines the factors that drive actual adoption of the four categories of m-commerce, namely content delivery, location-based, transaction-based and entertainment in India. Data was collected from 321 m-commerce users and analysed using structured equation modeling (SEM). The results show that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, perceived risk and perceived enjoyment have varied impact, while social influence has a significant positive impact across the four categories. Further, personal innovativeness (PI) has a significant indirect impact on adoption of all the categories. The study adds on to the extant knowledge on m-commerce adoption in India and provides insights for marketers in devising relevant strategies for adoption of varied m-commerce categories. Further, it provides insights on the role of PI in driving adoption of m-commerce. The results from the study are limited to the Indian context and need to be validated across other contexts such as country and service offers suggesting future research opportunities. Future studies can also explore other m-commerce categories such as government services and telemetry services.

Exploring the effect of an enhanced e-commerce institutional mechanism on online shopping intention in the context of e-commerce poverty alleviation

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feiyan Han ◽  
Bo Li
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Shanxi Province ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeE-commerce poverty alleviation (EPA) is an innovative poverty alleviation model in China. The institutional mechanisms of the e-commerce platform improve the effect of EPA and exert online shopping purchase power in rural China. From a socio-technical perspective, this paper used adoption readiness of farmers and perceived risk to construct an integrated model to discern the effect of enhanced e-commerce institutional mechanisms on farmers' online shopping intention in the context of EPA.Design/methodology/approachThe survey included 832 valid samples from rural farmers in Shanxi province. This study analyses using structural equation modelling (SEM) and bootstrap methods used to empirically test the model.FindingsFindings suggest that enhanced e-commerce institutional mechanisms have significant direct and indirect positive impacts on farmers' online shopping intention; adoption readiness and perceived risk play partial mediation roles in determining the relationship between farmers' online shopping intention and enhanced e-commerce institutional mechanisms; and the indirect mediation effect of adoption readiness is greater than that of perceived risk.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the proposed model was supported in the questionnaire survey, the investigation method was not completely excluded. Future research can combine the method of panel data and apply the framework to other e-commerce platforms, as well as to other cultural settings.Practical implicationsThe study suggests that enhanced e-commerce institutional mechanisms that are based on the needs of farmers from poverty-stricken areas change the shopping habits of farmers. Moreover, enhanced e-commerce institutional mechanisms should allow farmers' perceived adoption readiness to play its promoting role and reduce the impeding role of perceived risk. The results of this study are conducive to the intensive implementation of the ‘Three Rural Issues’ strategy in China.Originality/valueA new model to generate a two-factor mediation effect model by integrating the perceived effectiveness of enhanced e-commerce institutional mechanisms with farmers, farmers' adoption readiness, perceived risk and online shopping intention. The study explored the relationship between enhanced e-commerce institutional mechanisms and farmers' online shopping intention, bridging the gap in related empirical studies. Besides, this study first proposed farmers' adoption readiness and clarifies the mediating role of farmers' adoption readiness and perceived risk, which highlights the previously unnoticed role of farmers' adoption readiness.

scholarly journals Mask wearing behavior across routine and leisure activities during COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Guevara Beltran ◽  
Calvin Isch ◽  
Jessica Daphne Ayers ◽  
Joe Alcock ◽  
Jessica F. Brinkworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Time Orientation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Related Stress

Despite continued transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and sustained recommendations to wear protective face coverings, many people remained reluctant to comply throughout the early months of the pandemic. In the present study we surveyed an international cohort of participants on three different occasions from July to August, 2020 (N = 695) to examine the relative contribution of several factors in explaining variation in mask wearing behavior across a range of routine and leisure activities. We examine the role of COVID-19 prevalence, perceived risk of infection, COVID-19 related stress, demographics, time orientation, and several mask wearing attitudes and intentions. We find that COVID-19-related stress and the intention to protect oneself were reliably associated with more mask wearing across contexts, while other factors, such as anxiety caused by others’ mask wearing and the intention to wear masks to protect others, were context dependent. We discuss potential avenues for future research on possible positive and negative indirect effects of COVID-19-related stress, time orientation, and political orientation with regard to mask wearing behavior.

scholarly journals Perceptions of personal risk in tourists’ destination choices: nature tours in Mexico

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory E. Osland ◽  
Robert Mackoy ◽  
Marleen McCormick
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
Personal Risk ◽  
Destination Choices ◽  
Company Reputation ◽  
Social Motivations

AbstractTerrorism, pandemic diseases, and other threatening events have recently heightened the sense of personal risk for tourists considering international travel. This article addresses the paucity of research assessing perceptions of risk both before and during travel to risky destinations. Tourists on two nature tours in Mexico were interviewed and observed while engaged in the travel. Many types of specific perceived risks were uncovered, including insect-borne disease, traffic accidents, financial losses, and unattained goals. Some correlates of perceived risk were tour company reputation, stage of family life cycle, age, and motivation. Based on the types of perceived risk and the factors, five propositions are discussed. One unexpected proposition addresses the role of age and states that as the perceived years of physical ability to travel decreases, the tolerance for safety risk increases. Another proposes that eco-tourists with intense, destination-specific motivations are more tolerant of travel risk than those with casual and/or social motivations. The article concludes with suggestions for tour industry managers and directions for future research.

From Rural Majority to Urban Majority Africans

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umar G. Benna
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
High Population Growth

Africa is experiencing triple processes of high population growth, rapid urbanization, and digital transformation. The undercurrents of these processes suggest that the continent is turning from rural majority to urban majority, and this situation raises the question of where will this majority work? Arab Spring and the turbulent situation in the Middle East suggest what could be the result of inaction. This chapter attempts to answer this question by using exploratory research method to highlight the potential role of mainly young entrepreneurs to define, through online questionnaire responses, their preferred terrain of workplace creation in local areas, cities, rural areas and in the diverse regions of Africa as well as on the ubiquitous online work environment extending from home to anywhere in the continent. The chapter ends with a review of the observations and suggestions about future research.

Moderating role of perceived risk in credit card usage and experience link

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 286-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hardeep Chahal ◽  
Gurjeet Kaur Sahi ◽  
Anu Rani
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Credit Card ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Relative Significance ◽  
Service Experience ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
Credit Card Usage ◽  
Risk Reducing

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present the exploratory research into the moderating influence of perceived risk on credit card usage and experience link and to know, among various types of risks, which risk is mostly perceived by credit card users. The study also investigates the dimensions of usage and service experience and their relative significance in credit card industry. Design/methodology/approach – The data were collected from 220 credit cardholders working in the various business and service units operating in Gandhi Nagar area of Jammu city. Findings – The study captures a clear and strong moderating effect of perceived risk on usage and service experience link. Time risk appeared to be the strongest moderator. Further, sense of security and confidence benefits emerged as the strongest predictors of usage and service experience, respectively. Research limitations/implications – The study is based on single financial service only, i.e. credit card. To generalise the results in financial and allied sectors, such as banking, retail or travel, where credit card usage is highly prevalent, this study need to be extended in future research. Further, influence of customer income, occupation and education on credit card use can also be seen in the future. Finally, focus can also be given to the identification and testing of risk-reducing strategies in future research. Originality/value – There is no previous research on Indian credit card industry which examined the influence of perceived risk on its use among Indian customers and subsequently on their experience.

Perceived risk and tourist’s trust: the roles of perceived value and religiosity

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abror Abror ◽  
Dina Patrisia ◽  
Yunita Engriani ◽  
Maznah Wan Omar ◽  
Yunia Wardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Perceived Value ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Risk Dimensions ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This study aims to examine the relationship between perceived risk and tourists’ trust. It also investigates the role of perceived value as a mediating variable on the link between perceived risk and trust. Moreover, the moderating role of religiosity on the link between perceived value and trust has also been highlighted. Design/methodology/approach The research population is all tourists who have visited West Sumatra Indonesia in the past two years. This research used a survey method using questionnaires and used purposive sampling as the sampling method. It collected 400 responses and after some preliminary tests, 352 usable responses have been analyzed. The authors used a covariance-based structural equation model using AMOS 24 as the data analysis tool. Findings This quantitative research found that perceived risk dimensions (health, environmental and financial risk) have significant impacts on perceived value. Perceived risk dimensions also have significant effects on trust except for health risk. It also found that perceived value has a significant impact on trust and finally, religiosity which has a significant moderating impact on the relationship between perceived value and trust. Research limitations/implications This study is only one country study; hence, it has limited finding generalization. It needs to be expanded to other countries such as Southeast Asia countries. It only used three antecedents of trust, therefore, for future research; it might be extended to other antecedents such as cultural value, tourist efficacy and also some consequences of trust such as revisit intention and customer involvement. Finally, this is a cross-sectional study; hence, for future research, it might be expanded to a longitudinal study where the results are more generalized. Practical implications Trust will lead to tourist loyalty. Therefore, to establish trust, the managers need to provide the best services with pay attention to the tourist perceived risk. Moreover, it found that perceived risks will lead to tourists’ perceived value. Accordingly, to increase the tourist perceived value, the tourist destination managers have to minimize risk or uncertainty in the tourist destination such as environmental and health risk in the tourist destination. Finally, religiosity will strengthen the tourist trust, hence; the managers can attract and serve high religiosity tourists with Halal standard products and services. Originality/value This study has examined the relationship between perceived risk dimensions and perceived value which is not investigated in the previous studies. It also examined the mediating roles of perceived value on the link between perceived risk dimensions and trust. These mediating roles have not been addressed yet previously. Finally, it has also revealed a significant moderating effect of religiosity on the link between perceived value and trust which is neglected previously.

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