scholarly journals Perceptions of personal risk in tourists’ destination choices: nature tours in Mexico

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory E. Osland ◽  
Robert Mackoy ◽  
Marleen McCormick
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
Personal Risk ◽  
Destination Choices ◽  
Company Reputation ◽  
Social Motivations

AbstractTerrorism, pandemic diseases, and other threatening events have recently heightened the sense of personal risk for tourists considering international travel. This article addresses the paucity of research assessing perceptions of risk both before and during travel to risky destinations. Tourists on two nature tours in Mexico were interviewed and observed while engaged in the travel. Many types of specific perceived risks were uncovered, including insect-borne disease, traffic accidents, financial losses, and unattained goals. Some correlates of perceived risk were tour company reputation, stage of family life cycle, age, and motivation. Based on the types of perceived risk and the factors, five propositions are discussed. One unexpected proposition addresses the role of age and states that as the perceived years of physical ability to travel decreases, the tolerance for safety risk increases. Another proposes that eco-tourists with intense, destination-specific motivations are more tolerant of travel risk than those with casual and/or social motivations. The article concludes with suggestions for tour industry managers and directions for future research.

The Key Characteristics and Role of Peer Support in the Aftermath of Victimization: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483802110438
Author(s):  
Pien van de Ven ◽  
Sonja Leferink ◽  
Antony Pemberton
Keyword(s):  
Peer Support ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Victimization Experience

Topic: Currently, research into the key elements and role of peer support in the aftermath of victimization is limited. This study reviews the types of evidence available, clarifying key concepts in the literature, examining how research is conducted and identifying key characteristics or factors related to peer support in the aftermath of a victimization experience. Method: A scoping review was performed for peer-reviewed papers using predefined search terms. Studies addressing peer support among victims and survivors of crime, traffic accidents, calamities, suicide, and veterans were included. Selection was based on title and abstract and resulted in 16 papers eligible for review. An inductive thematic analysis was used to synthesize data and findings. Findings: Empirical studies into the key elements and role of peer support in the aftermath of victimization are limited in availability and scattered in terms of approach to research (e.g., methodology, type of respondents, type of peer support) and focus (such as focus on effects on mental health and well-being, on key elements or an evaluation of a support program). Studies mainly have an explorative and interpretative character. Key elements, operationalizations, positive outcomes and negative outcomes of peer support are discussed. Conclusion and discussion: The currently available knowledge on peer support in the aftermath of victimization lacks four points: cross-cultural studies, lived experiences as empirical findings, a variety of victimization events and longitudinal studies. Moreover, it is argued that future research should be improved by adopting a contextual and narrative approach.

scholarly journals Perceived Threat of the Coronavirus and the Role of Trust in Safeguards: A Case Study in Slovakia

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Kanovsky ◽  
Júlia Halamová
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Emergency Communication ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Instrument Measuring

In this exploratory research study, we developed an instrument to investigate people’s confidence in safeguarding measures [Confidence in Safeguards Scale (CSS)] and we adapted an instrument measuring perceived risk of coronavirus [perceived risk of coronavirus scale (PRCS)] that was originally based on a perceived risk of HIV measure. We then explored the effect of public confidence in safeguarding measures designed to halt the spread of the coronavirus on perceived risk, controlling for related covariates. The sample consisted of N = 565 respondents; 119 were males (21.1%) and 446 were females (78.9%). Mean age was 35.42 (SD = 13.11), range was 18–77 years. We used convenience sampling to gather the data at the end of March 2020 via social media in Slovakia. The CSS showed good reliability levels and a three-factor structure: Confidence in Institutions, Confidence in Personal and Family Behaviors, and Confidence in Others’ Behaviors. The PRCS showed good reliability levels and a two-factor structure: Fear of Contraction and Perceived Likelihood of Contraction. Participants with higher levels of Confidence in Others’ Behaviors perceived the spread of the coronavirus to be less threatening, both cognitively (less perceived likelihood of contraction) and affectively (less fear of contraction). This finding could be used when designing public health policy and emergency communication. Enhancing confidence in others’ behaviors could encourage individual responsibility, social responsibility, and solidarity through social bonds extending beyond the family. In future research we plan to replicate the data collection using the same instruments in different countries so the results are comparable across cultures and can be used to improve emergency communication.

Exploring Factors That Drive Adoption of Various Categories of M-commerce: An Emerging Market Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 526-546
Author(s):  
Shweta Pandey ◽  
Deepak Chawla
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Personal Innovativeness ◽  
Structured Equation Modeling ◽  
Effort Expectancy ◽  
Facilitating Conditions

The study examines the factors that drive actual adoption of the four categories of m-commerce, namely content delivery, location-based, transaction-based and entertainment in India. Data was collected from 321 m-commerce users and analysed using structured equation modeling (SEM). The results show that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, perceived risk and perceived enjoyment have varied impact, while social influence has a significant positive impact across the four categories. Further, personal innovativeness (PI) has a significant indirect impact on adoption of all the categories. The study adds on to the extant knowledge on m-commerce adoption in India and provides insights for marketers in devising relevant strategies for adoption of varied m-commerce categories. Further, it provides insights on the role of PI in driving adoption of m-commerce. The results from the study are limited to the Indian context and need to be validated across other contexts such as country and service offers suggesting future research opportunities. Future studies can also explore other m-commerce categories such as government services and telemetry services.

Chinese and French Consumer Perceived Risk in Online Shopping: The Role of Uncertainty Avoidance

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
LILI ZHENG ◽  
MICHEL PLAISENT ◽  
PASCAL PECQUET ◽  
PROSPER BERNARD JR.
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
Uncertainty Avoidance ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Consumer Decision Making ◽  
Cultural Perspectives ◽  
Personal Risk ◽  
Low Levels

The perceived risks associated with online shopping have a critical effect on consumer decision making. Cultural values provide a good theoretical basis for understanding perceived risk. With such an increasing online consumer spending in China and France and significant cultural differences, better understanding of online shopping risk as perceived by e-shoppers in these two countries becomes particularly relevant. However, the research in the Chinese and French context is limited. Given this reality, the purpose of this study is to investigate non-personal and personal perceived risk differences in Chinese and French online consumers and to provide an explanation in cross-cultural perspectives. Both the Chinese and French respondents perceive low levels of non-personal and personal risk regarding their online clothing purchases. But it is interesting to note that the Chinese respondents perceive higher non-personal risk and personal risk than the French respondents, which is contrary to the expected results. This might be explained by the change of Chinese culture.Keywords: Non-personal perceived risk, personal risk, online shopping, cross-cultural,uncertainty avoidance, China, France.

Sensation seeking indirectly affects perceptions of risk for co-occurrent substance use

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Hittner ◽  
Margaret A. Warner ◽  
Rhonda J. Swickert
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Analytic Modeling ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk

Abstract High sensation seekers engage in more frequent substance use and perceive a host of potentially dangerous activities as less risky than do low sensation seekers. However, despite a plethora of research on these topics, no study has examined the extent to which personal substance use mediates the association between sensation seeking and perceived risk of substance use. To address this question, we recruited a sample of 79 young adults (mean age=19.1 years, standard deviation=1.4). Participants completed questionnaire measures of sensation seeking, substance use, and perceived risk of co-occurrent substance use. Results from path-analytic modeling indicated that both alcohol use and marijuana use mediated the influence of sensation seeking on perceptions of risk for moderately risky, but not highly risky, pairs of substances. Strengths and limitations of the present study were discussed and directions for future research were suggested.

Exploring the effect of an enhanced e-commerce institutional mechanism on online shopping intention in the context of e-commerce poverty alleviation

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feiyan Han ◽  
Bo Li
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Shanxi Province ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeE-commerce poverty alleviation (EPA) is an innovative poverty alleviation model in China. The institutional mechanisms of the e-commerce platform improve the effect of EPA and exert online shopping purchase power in rural China. From a socio-technical perspective, this paper used adoption readiness of farmers and perceived risk to construct an integrated model to discern the effect of enhanced e-commerce institutional mechanisms on farmers' online shopping intention in the context of EPA.Design/methodology/approachThe survey included 832 valid samples from rural farmers in Shanxi province. This study analyses using structural equation modelling (SEM) and bootstrap methods used to empirically test the model.FindingsFindings suggest that enhanced e-commerce institutional mechanisms have significant direct and indirect positive impacts on farmers' online shopping intention; adoption readiness and perceived risk play partial mediation roles in determining the relationship between farmers' online shopping intention and enhanced e-commerce institutional mechanisms; and the indirect mediation effect of adoption readiness is greater than that of perceived risk.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the proposed model was supported in the questionnaire survey, the investigation method was not completely excluded. Future research can combine the method of panel data and apply the framework to other e-commerce platforms, as well as to other cultural settings.Practical implicationsThe study suggests that enhanced e-commerce institutional mechanisms that are based on the needs of farmers from poverty-stricken areas change the shopping habits of farmers. Moreover, enhanced e-commerce institutional mechanisms should allow farmers' perceived adoption readiness to play its promoting role and reduce the impeding role of perceived risk. The results of this study are conducive to the intensive implementation of the ‘Three Rural Issues’ strategy in China.Originality/valueA new model to generate a two-factor mediation effect model by integrating the perceived effectiveness of enhanced e-commerce institutional mechanisms with farmers, farmers' adoption readiness, perceived risk and online shopping intention. The study explored the relationship between enhanced e-commerce institutional mechanisms and farmers' online shopping intention, bridging the gap in related empirical studies. Besides, this study first proposed farmers' adoption readiness and clarifies the mediating role of farmers' adoption readiness and perceived risk, which highlights the previously unnoticed role of farmers' adoption readiness.

scholarly journals Should I Stay or Should I Go? Tourists’ COVID-19 Risk Perception and Vacation Behavior Shift

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3573
Author(s):  
Marija Bratić ◽  
Aleksandar Radivojević ◽  
Nenad Stojiljković ◽  
Olivera Simović ◽  
Emil Juvan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Leisure Travel ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
Global Tourism ◽  
Behavior Shift

Without a doubt, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a tremendous impact on global tourism for at least two reasons: (1) imposed systematic travel restrictions that discourage people from traveling even though they would like to; and (2) increased travel anxiety due to the perceived risk of the COVID-19 virus, causing people to change their typical travel behavior. This study aims to explore the role of Covid-19 in shaping future travel behavior. More specifically, following the general model of vacation behavior and the role of risk in travel behavior, we investigate how COVID-19 influences travelers’ perceptions of risk and how this affects planned vacation behavior. The results show that COVID-19 risk perception per se influences typical forms of vacation behavior, but this risk also leads to the development of travel anxiety, which additionally influences only some forms of vacation behavior. Empirical findings show that general anxiety, which is not associated with Covid-19 risk perception, also predicts some forms of planned changes in vacation behaviour. The study concludes with recommendations on how to reduce traveler uncertainty in order to recover international leisure travel.

scholarly journals Mask wearing behavior across routine and leisure activities during COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Guevara Beltran ◽  
Calvin Isch ◽  
Jessica Daphne Ayers ◽  
Joe Alcock ◽  
Jessica F. Brinkworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Time Orientation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Related Stress

Despite continued transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and sustained recommendations to wear protective face coverings, many people remained reluctant to comply throughout the early months of the pandemic. In the present study we surveyed an international cohort of participants on three different occasions from July to August, 2020 (N = 695) to examine the relative contribution of several factors in explaining variation in mask wearing behavior across a range of routine and leisure activities. We examine the role of COVID-19 prevalence, perceived risk of infection, COVID-19 related stress, demographics, time orientation, and several mask wearing attitudes and intentions. We find that COVID-19-related stress and the intention to protect oneself were reliably associated with more mask wearing across contexts, while other factors, such as anxiety caused by others’ mask wearing and the intention to wear masks to protect others, were context dependent. We discuss potential avenues for future research on possible positive and negative indirect effects of COVID-19-related stress, time orientation, and political orientation with regard to mask wearing behavior.

scholarly journals Perceptions of Risk of Contracting HIV among Married Men and Women in Zambia

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-53
Author(s):  
Kusanthan Thankian ◽  
Sidney O. C. Mwaba ◽  
Anitha J. Menon
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Drinking Alcohol ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
Personal Risk ◽  
Married Men

This study explored the perceived risk of contracting HIV among the currently married men and women in Zambia. The analysis was carried out on data from the latest Zambia Demographic Health Survey (2014). Results indicated that 48% of the currently married women, and 61% of the currently married men reported low perceived risk for contracting HIV. The results also indicate that age, place of residence, wealth status, having had sex with three or more partners for the last 12 months, drinking alcohol and condom use were associated with high risk perception of contracting HIV for men. Women who had three or more sexual partners during the last 12 months were 1.5 times more likely to perceive high risk for contracting HIV than those who had less than three partners. Among the males, those who had sex with three or more sexual partners were 1.7 times more likely to perceive being at high risk for contracting HIV than those who had sex with less than three partners. Respondents from the higher socio-economic group were 1.3 times more likely to report low risk of contracting HIV as compared to those from middle and lower socio-economic group. These findings suggest that behaviour change campaigns encouraging married men and women to accurately assess their personal risk of contracting HIV should be complemented with targeted awareness messages emphasizing the positive attributes of using condom.

Dementia Worry and the Perception of Personal Risk

GeroPsych ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Martin ◽  
Frieder R. Lang ◽  
Roland Rupprecht ◽  
Jessica Nömer
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Personal Risk ◽  
Dementia Worry ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
History Of

Abstract. The research examined dementia worry and the perception of personal dementia risk based on a 2-year longitudinal online study ( N = 129, 21–79 yrs). Participants completed questionnaires on attitudes, experiences, and worries concerning dementia. A fully saturated cross-lagged model was estimated. Results show that dementia worry was moderately stable, and that changes were unrelated to perceived risk or family history. In contrast, perceived dementia risk was more prone to change and was positively associated with prior dementia worry but not vice versa. Having a family history of dementia was cross-sectionally, but not longitudinally, associated with greater worry and higher perceived risk. Because of the limited variability of dementia worry, focusing on perception of personal risk is a promising approach. Future research may benefit from differentiating the plasticity of the two constructs.

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