scholarly journals Revisiting Women Empowerment Through a Cultural Lens a In-Depth Analysis of Empowerment Methodologies in Horticulture in Rural Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah De Smet ◽  
Smaranda Boroş
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Impact

As previous research in international development has clearly demonstrated (see Banerjee and Prasad, 2008 for an overview), cultural values have an impact on the conceptualization of empowerment. In this paper we explore the implications of Power Distance as a cultural dimension for the use of participatory methodologies toward achieving women empowerment in rural areas in the Global South. Our critical analysis of cultural differences between the intervention facilitator (a Western-based NGO) and a rural community in SNNPR (Southern Nations, Nationalities and People’s Regions) in Ethiopia reveals how discrepancies in the perception of cultural values impacted the different stages of the intervention. These discrepancies ranged from the principles of facilitation (facilitation from the back and its paradoxical effects in such hierarchical contexts) to the focus on tools (on equality between individuals rather than focus on the family as the smallest unit). Discrepancies also surfaced from the selection criteria of participants (highly vulnerable groups; one spouse per family; number of participants from one community all of which prevented the impact of the intervention to be more powerful in the long run) and from how the participants are organized during trainings (the ratio of mixed vs. segregated groups and the criteria of group segregation – this can play a large role in regard to the potential openness of conversations and the creation of safe spaces to explore new identities which are the key to empowerment). Through all the stages of the intervention, we make suggestions on how to better implement such methodologies in the future, in a context-sensitive manner, by considering the cultural differences in assumptions and practices.

scholarly journals The effect of national cultural differences of board members on integrated reporting

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Alfiero ◽  
Massimo Cane ◽  
Ruggiero Doronzo ◽  
Alfredo Esposito
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Board Members ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Integrated Reporting ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

This research, based on stakeholder theory and the national cultural dimensions, aims to test the influence of foreigners on board and its size on Integrated Reporting (IR) practices. The analysis is based on a sample of 1,058 European companies from 18 different countries, who adopted or not the IR for the year 2015, and it relies on a Logit. The dependent variable is a dummy (presenting or not the IR) and the independent variables are represented by the board characteristics (foreigners and size). The impact of the critical mass on the presence of foreigners and the cultural dimension on the basis of directors’ nationality was tested relying on the masculinity/femininity dimension of Hofstede. Besides, the directors’ country of origin was considered, namely if they belong to the major European countries presenting a wider IR diffusion. The relationship between foreigners on board and IR is found to be negative. This means that companies with at least one foreigner are less inclined to adopt IR. The results show that the boards with more of three foreign administrators have a major propensity to adopt the IR. The membership of the directors in countries with a feminist culture also has a positive effect.

Entrepreneurship in Transition Economies: Is There an Entrepreneurial Characteristic Similarity to Western Entrepreneur?

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-157
Author(s):  
Thomas Bradley ◽  
Paul Eberle
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Factory Workers ◽  
Cultural Characteristics ◽  
History Of

This empirical study consists of two parts. The first part of the study examines the cultural characteristics and dimensions of entrepreneurs and factory workers in transition economies during the early transition period to determine if their cultural values were similar to those found in other nations. The second part of the study compares the differences in Hofstede’s cultural dimension scores between entrepreneurs and workers in market economies. It might seem extraordinary that after more than 70 years of a centralized nonentrepreneurial society that all of the communist nations that the current authors studied had essentially the same cultural differences among entrepreneurs that were found in capitalist nations with a long history of entrepreneurial activity.

scholarly journals CULTURAL DIFFERENCES AFFECTING DECISION-MAKING STYLE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN FOUR COUNTRIES

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Dabić ◽  
Darko Tipurić ◽  
Najla Podrug
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Original Research ◽  
National Cultures ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
Significant Movement ◽  
Decision Making Styles ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Future Business

The aim of this paper was to identify the impact of national culture on decision-making styles in selected countries: Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Hungary. The estimation of Hofstede's dimensions of national cultures and comparative analyses was carried out by using a narrow-sample strategy. The estimated positions on each dimension confirmed the Hofstede's original research ranking. The result with significant value was the confirmation of the global trend of decreasing power distance and significant movement towards the individualism. Besides the standardization procedure of comparative cross-cultural analyses, variance analyses were used to identify cultural differences in decision-making styles related to complex decisions. The proposition is that complex decisions are, above and beyond all others, the consequence of social and cultural values installed in every individual. Statistically significant dependency was identified for hyper-vigilant and vigilant decision-making style and national culture's dimensions. A beneficial goal was to identify the differences and the similarities in value orientation and those in the decision-making style which should not be mistreated as they may influence future business cooperation and political and economic integrations within the CEE context.

scholarly journals The Connection Between Culture And Organizational Behavior

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Treven
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Organizational Changes ◽  
Approaches To Studying ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Communication Conflict ◽  
The Impact

The paper presents various approaches to studying cultures of different countries. The starting point is the Hofstede's dimensions of cultural values as well as Hall's approach to high- and low- context cultures and Trompenaars model of cultural differences. After that the interaction between culture and organizational behaviuor is discussed. A special attention to the impact of culture on motivation of employees, communication, conflict resolution and organizational changes is given.

scholarly journals Cross-Cultural Differences in Caregiving: Investigating the Role of Familism and Social Support

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 322-322
Author(s):  
Francesca Falzarano ◽  
Jerad Moxley ◽  
Karl Pillemer ◽  
Sara Czaja
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Care Recipient ◽  
Driving Mechanism ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Cultural diversity in the United States (US) reflects a demographic shift, with a growing population of minority older adults and a subsequent increase in minority family caregivers providing care to aging adults. Research has demonstrated heterogeneity in the caregiving experience, with increasing focus placed on examining the impact of cultural values on caregiver (CG) outcomes. Familism has been investigated as a driving mechanism of cross-cultural differences in caregiving outcomes, yet prior work examining this relationship has yielded mixed findings. Using the sociocultural stress and coping model as a guiding framework, we examined, in a sample of 243 CGs who participated in the Caring for the Caregiver Network Study, a randomized controlled trial examining a culturally-tailored technology-based psychosocial intervention, the influence of familism and social support on positive aspects of caregiving, depressive symptoms, and caregiver burden. We also examined how these relationships vary as a function of race/ethnicity, the CG’s relationship to the care-recipient, other sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., SES status), and acculturation. Results showed that African American and Hispanic CGs exhibited higher levels of familism compared to Whites. In African Americans, familism predicted higher positive caregiving appraisals, and social support significantly predicted lower burden and depression. In Hispanics, levels of familism varied as a function of acculturation, with lower levels of familism identified among US Hispanic natives. Our findings highlight that cultural beliefs, such as familism, as well as social support may be adaptive in protecting against adverse CG outcomes and point to directions for future culturally congruent, family-centered intervention approaches.

scholarly journals A Sectoral Analysis of Poverty in Pakistan

1999 ◽  
Vol 38 (4II) ◽  
pp. 859-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammd Ali Bhatti ◽  
Rashida Haq ◽  
Tariq Javed
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
The People ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Market Economy System ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Economy System

Since independence, the problem of mass poverty in Pakistan has been substantial. The number of the destitute has continued to soar. The problem of poverty now looks to be beyond control. The vast masses of the people, particularly in rural areas, are indeed, miserably below the poverty line. Moreover, the socioeconomic and demographic indicators are dismal. Official planning and the market economy system have failed to lessen poverty. The policies formulated to eradicate it have failed to achieve their objectives. The issue of poverty in Pakistan has its significance for sustainable development. Long run development is not possible without protecting the rights of the vulnerable groups and the participation of the entire population in the development process. Although Pakistan’s economic growth has been quite respectable for much of the last four decades but it has failed to trickle down to the masses. The country has experienced poverty and stagnation in 1950s, increasing poverty and growth in the 1960s, stagnation of growth but declining poverty in the 1970s, increasing growth and declining poverty in the 1980s and finally, increasing poverty and falling growth in the 1990s [MHCHD/UNDP (1999)].

“Industrialising” the capacity building of local entrepreneurs. A case study of 1001fontaines’ “4G Project” in Cambodia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Martin
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Small Water ◽  
National Review ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Building Project ◽  
The Impact

In Cambodia, only 16% of the population in rural areas has access to safely managed and clean water supply services, putting the health of 10.12 million people at stake. (Cambodia’s Voluntary National Review 2019 of the Implementation of the 2030 SDG Agenda).1001fontaines, a community-based enterprise located mainly in Cambodia, responds to this issue by enabling the production of safe drinking water directly in the targeted communities, through the establishment of small water enterprises. These units, called water kiosks, are entrusted to local entrepreneurs and supported in the long run thanks to a franchise model. In 2014, 1001fontaines suffered from low-performing water kiosks, which impacted the viability of the whole portfolio. As a result, 1001fontaines decided to launch the so-called “4G” capacity building project to upgrade the initial and continuing training of water entrepreneurs, expand distribution channels, and further leverage the local “O-We” brand to reach more beneficiaries. The “4G project” was implemented from 2014 to 2015, and resulted in the identification of best practices to be followed by every water entrepreneur. Since 2016, 1001fontaines has generalised the use of these best practices to build the capacities of new entrepreneurs.This case study aims to investigate the impact of the “4G project” and its conclusion on the water kiosks’ performance and on 1001fontaines’ ability to better and faster scale up its approach in Cambodia.

scholarly journals Cultural Value Dimensions and Ethnicity within Kenya

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher K. Ketter ◽  
Michael C. Arfsten
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Post Hoc

<p>The study compared the cultural values along the seven World Values Survey dimensions. Subjects were 811 males, age 18 to 35, proportionately representing the 11 largest ethnic groups in Kenya. The study extended research in cultural differences between ethnic identities within a country, supplemental to cultural differences between countries. Significant differences are found between the Kenyan ethnic groups on the dimensions of masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, indulgence vs. restraint, and long-term orientation. Post-hoc analyses differentiated between individual ethnic groups on the cultural dimensions. Implications for management are presented to acknowledge ethnic differences in world orientation based on cultural dimension differences of ethnicities within Kenya.</p><p><span style="font-size: 10px;"> </span></p><p> </p>

Conditional effects of development aid on political perceptions: mixed-methods evidence from North-East Afghanistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 793-819
Author(s):  
Alexander De Juan ◽  
Kristóf Gosztonyi ◽  
Jan Koehler
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
International Development ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
International Aid ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
North East ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Basic Services ◽  
The Impact

Can aid create political trust in conflict-affected states? International aid organizations often argue that supporting states in providing basic services can contribute to strengthening state–society relations. Previous studies in international development have indicated that the provision of basic services can indeed improve people’s attitudes towards state institutions. We take this research a step further: in addition to analysing the impact of aid on political trust, we assess how violence influences this effect. We argue that aid can create opportunities for constructive state–society interactions. As violence increases, however, development-related interactions are crowded out by security-related ones. Violence also fosters corrupt aid governance, which undermines the positive effects of aid on public perceptions. We analyse this hypothesis with a mixed-methods research design that combines original opinion survey data with qualitative interview material systematically collected in 252 villages of northeast Afghanistan. Based on a combination of (a) quantitative analyses, (b) a comparison of most-similar villages, (c) a systematic comparison of qualitative survey response patterns across levels of insecurity, and (d) an in-depth analysis of interview material on aid and trust in highly insecure areas, we show that violence negatively impacts the relative relevance as well as the quality of aid-related state–society interactions. These findings indicate that international aid agencies should refocus from mainly output-oriented project appraisal, design, and monitoring to a stronger process orientation that maximizes state–society interaction and prevents elite capture in areas exposed to high levels of violence.

The impact of cultural differences on technology transfer

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 926-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Duc Nguyen ◽  
Atsushi Aoyama
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cultural Difference ◽  
Adverse Impact ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Efficient Technology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to quantitatively evaluate which of the elements of five management practice constructs – management commitment, quality practice, team-based work, training, and sharing and understanding – can significantly lessen the adverse impact of cultural differences on efficient technology transfer. Design/methodology/approach – Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling multigroup analysis are used to analyze structured survey data from 223 Japanese manufacturing subsidiaries in Vietnam. Findings – The following are the primary factors that moderate the adverse impact of cultural difference on efficient technology transfer: employees’ understanding of quality; top managements’ communication of clear goals and procedures for technology transfer; the nature of the collaborative teamwork and frequent communication about technical issues among Japanese experts and Vietnamese staff; sending of key Vietnamese technical staff to Japan for technological seminars and on-the-job training while providing them with the appropriate materials and guidelines. Practical implications – Although cultural diversity’s impact on technology transfer may never be problem-free, Japanese and Vietnamese managers should be aware of the effects of differing cultural values and use the appropriate interfaces to minimize cultural problems, maintain a cooperative environment, and transform cultural values into business value. Originality/value – Cross-cultural technology transfer research, from the knowledge-based perspective, has produced interesting findings but has not yet identified which managerial elements effectively reduce the adverse impact of cultural difference on efficient technology transfer. This study addresses that shortcoming through the organizational learning perspective.

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