scholarly journals Psychological Predictors of Precautionary Behaviors in Response to COVID-19: A Structural Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Frías-Armenta ◽  
Nadia Saraí Corral-Frías ◽  
Victor Corral-Verdugo ◽  
Marc Yancy Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
General Health ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Anhedonic Depression

The first lines of defense during an epidemic are behavioral interventions, including stay-at-home measures or precautionary health training, aimed at reducing contact and disease transmission. Examining the psychosocial variables that may lead to greater adoption of such precautionary behaviors is critical. The present study examines predictors of precautionary practices against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in 709 Mexican participants from 24 states. The study was conducted via online questionnaire between the end of March and the beginning of April 2020, when the pandemic response was in its initial stages in Mexico. The instrument included demographic items, as well as scales assessing COVID-19-resembling symptoms, empathy, impulsivity, anhedonic depression, general health practices, alcohol consumption, and COVID-19-associated precautionary behaviors. Most participants reported adopting limited social distancing or other precautionary behaviors against COVID-19. The results of a structural equation model demonstrated that the presence of COVID-19 symptoms was related to impulsivity and general health behaviors. However, no direct association between precautionary behaviors and the presence of COVID-19 symptoms was found. In turn, precautionary behaviors were more prevalent among participants who reported higher empathy and general health behaviors and were inhibited indirectly by impulsivity via alcohol consumption. Furthermore, the model suggests that anhedonic depression symptoms have a negative indirect effect on precautionary behaviors via general health behaviors. Finally, impulsivity showed a negative direct effect on general health behavior. These results highlight the role that general physical health and mental health play on precautionary behavior and the critical importance of addressing issues such as depression, general health behaviors, and impulsivity in promoting safe actions and the protection of self and others.

Memory complaints as a precursor of memory impairment in older people: a longitudinal analysis over 7–8 years

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. JORM ◽  
H. CHRISTENSEN ◽  
A. E. KORTEN ◽  
P. A. JACOMB ◽  
A. S. HENDERSON
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Memory Complaints ◽  
Relevant Variables ◽  
With Memory

Background. There is considerable dispute about the validity of memory complaints. While some studies find that complaints are an early indicator of dementia or cognitive decline, there are also many studies showing that complaints are more closely associated with negative affect (depression, anxiety and neuroticism). The present paper used three-wave longitudinal data to test three hypotheses: (1) that memory complaints reflect an evaluation of present and past memory performance; (2) that memory complaints predict future memory performance; and (3) that memory complaints predict current and future negative affect.Methods. A longitudinal study was carried out with a community sample of people aged 70 and over. Participants were assessed for memory complaints, memory performance and negative affect at three waves separated by 3·6 years and 4·0 years. There were 331 persons with data on all relevant variables. The data were analysed using structural equation modelling.Results. Significant paths in the structural model were found from memory performance to future memory complaints, as well as from memory complaints to future memory performance, supporting hypotheses 1 and 2. Memory complaints were associated with current negative affect, but did not predict future negative affect.Conclusions. Memory complaints do reflect perceptions of past memory performance and are also an early manifestation of memory impairment. However, current negative affect (anxiety and depression symptoms) shows the greatest association with memory complaints.

scholarly journals Reducing alcohol consumption during pre-drinking sessions: Testing an integrated behaviour-change model

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim M. Caudwell ◽  
Jacob J Keech ◽  
Kyra Hamilton ◽  
Barbara Mullan ◽  
Martin S Hagger
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Behavioural Control ◽  
Change Model ◽  
Drinking Alcohol ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Perceived Behavioural Control

Objective: Pre-drinking, the practice of consuming alcohol prior to attending a subsequent event, increases the risk of alcohol-related harm, and is common in undergraduate student populations. The current study tested an integrated behaviour change model to identify the motivational, social-cognitive, and implicit predictors of pre-drinking. Design: University students (N = 289) completed an online questionnaire comprising measures of motivational and social-cognitive constructs related to reducing pre-drinking alcohol consumption and past behaviour, and an implicit association test for drinking identity. Participants reported their pre-drinking alcohol consumption at follow-up, four weeks from baseline. Main Outcome Measures: Self-reported pre-drinking alcohol consumption. Results: A variance-based structural equation model revealed that few model hypotheses were supported. Although the effects of past behaviour, perceived behavioural control, and implicit drinking identity, on follow-up pre-drinking alcohol consumption were statistically significant, the effect of intention was not. Conclusion: Current findings indicate pre-drinking alcohol consumption is associated with past behaviour, perceived behavioural control, and implicit drinking identity, and not intentions to reduce pre-drinking alcohol consumption. Finding raise questions over the validity of applying the integrated model in this context. Interventions should consider these factors and attempt to facilitate the formation of intentions that lead to subsequent behaviour.

scholarly journals Comparing theoretical models for the understanding of health-risk behaviour: Towards an integrative model of adolescent alcohol consumption

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 418-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Caputo
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Risky Behaviour ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Risky Alcohol

The aim of the present manuscript is to test and compare the theory of reasoned action (TRA), theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and prototype-willingness model (PWM) in predicting risky alcohol consumption among adolescents and to build an integrative model to get a more comprehensive understanding of such risky behaviour. A total sample of 518 adolescents (55% females; 13-19 aged) recruited from Italian schools (7th to 12th grade) participated in a cross-sectional research study and completed an online questionnaire. Risky alcohol use assessed through the AUDIT-C was the dependent variable; whereas, variables from the TRA, TPB, and PWM (i.e. attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, intention, prototype favourability and similarity, and willingness to alcohol use) were used as predictors. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM). The findings show that the integrative model had greater explanatory power and provided a better fit to the data, compared to the TRA, TPB, and PWM, indicating attitudes and subjective norms as the best predictors. In conclusion, perceived social approval from significant others and the volitional component have a central role in understanding adolescents’ alcohol consumption.

Self-Esteem Shapes the Impact of GPA and General Health on Facebook Addiction

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 555-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meltem Huri Baturay ◽  
Sacip Toker
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
General Health ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Facebook Addiction ◽  
Positive Feelings ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the mediation impact of grade point average (GPA) and general health positive on Facebook addiction via self-esteem (SE) under the provision of active daily use of Facebook. We reached 120 participants who are college students. Our sample comprised 63 (52.5%) females and 57 (47.5%) males. We collected data through an online questionnaire. Structural equation modeling using IBM SPSS AMOS and mediation analysis were performed. The findings of the study suggested that SE is a critical and shaping construct when the decreasing impact of both GPA and general health positive on Facebook addiction is a concern. College students with low GPA and general health–positive feelings have low SE, which in turn increases the possibility of becoming a Facebook addict. Moreover, active daily use of Facebook is another factor triggering addiction. Recommendations and further research studies are presented.

Investigating the determinants of online infaq intention during the COVID-19 pandemic: an insight from Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendy Mustiko Aji ◽  
Albari Albari ◽  
Muchsin Muthohar ◽  
Sumadi Sumadi ◽  
Murwanto Sigit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Presence ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Intrinsic Religiosity ◽  
Single Model ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Managerial Implication ◽  
Content Type

Purpose This study aims to investigate Muslims’ online infaq intention during COVID-19 deadly outbreak. This study examined the model comprising two major theories, namely, the theory of reasoned action (TRA) with additional Muslim intrinsic religiosity and social presence theory (SPT). Design/methodology/approach A structural equation modeling (SEM) approach is used to test the measurement and structural model. In the structural model, SEM is chosen due to its effectivity in estimating direct and indirect effects in a single model. An online questionnaire is distributed to respondents who are purposively selected all over Indonesia regions comprising all major islands. In total, there are 571 respondents collected; however, only 560 of them are usable. Findings This study shows that all hypotheses generated from the TRA and SPT significantly affect online infaq intention. Surprisingly, Muslim intrinsic religiosity does not affect both attitude toward online infaq and online infaq intention. To further explain the result, a post hoc analysis is conducted. Accordingly, it is found that Muslim intrinsic religiosity has an indirect significant effect on online infaq intention through social presence. Research limitations/implications This study has several limitations. First, even though the sample already represented all parts of Indonesia, the sample is distributed mainly to those live in Java Island. Second, due to its difficulty in pursuing proportional distribution of the sample, the results are more subjective to more dominant respondent demographics. Third, this study captures cross-sectioned phenomena of an online infaq intention during COVID-19 pandemic. Fourth, as the topic of this study is concerned about Islamic charity, the Qur’an- and sunnah-based research framework will make this study more valuable. However, such a framework has not been widely developed. Practical implications This study provides a managerial implication for online infaq fundraisers in Indonesia, in which trustworthiness and “social touch” are important to drive the Muslims in making a monetary donation. The online infaq can be an efficient Islamic philanthropic tool to solve social problems during the COVID-19 outbreak. Therefore, the central authority should encourage profit and non-profit social organizations in Indonesia to make a strategic collaboration in providing online infaq service and its distribution. Collaboration may increase perceived trust and social presence. Originality/value Due to a limited study on the topic of online infaq behavioral intention during COVID-19 situation, therefore, this study provides added value to the literature by examining factors determining online infaq intention during COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. This study combines the extended TRA and SPT in a single model.

scholarly journals Professionalisation of the Family Firm and Its Relationship with Personal Values

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-188
Author(s):  
Claudio Camfield ◽  
Mário Franco
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Personal Values ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Final Sample

This study aims to determine the relationships between personal values (PVs) and the professionalisation of family firms. To achieve this objective, the theoretical model of PVs by Schwartz ( Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 25:1–65, 1992; Journal of Social Issues 50:19–45, 1994) and the multidimensional model of professionalisation by Dekker, Lybaert, Steijvers and Depaire ( Family Business Review 26(1): 81–99, 2013; Journal of Small Business Management 53(2): 516–538, 2015) were used, highlighting the inclusion of three more factors found in the literature and which became part of the extended model. As the data-collecting instrument, an online questionnaire was sent to Portuguese family firms, obtaining a final sample of 249 participants. To determine the relationships, structural equation modelling (SEM) was used, specifically Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), initially seeking to validate the constructs (PVs and professionalisation) by adjusting the general model. Then, the structural model was validated, determining the relationships between the variables of the constructs studied. The results demonstrated acceptance of the model and partial and total validation of most of the hypotheses investigated, showing that PVs are related to professionalisation of family firms. Some implications for theory and practice will also be presented.

scholarly journals Peer Learning, Self-Regulated Learning and Academic Achievement in Blended Learning Courses: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (03) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Chee Leong Lim ◽  
Habibah Ab Jalil ◽  
Aini Marina Ma'rof ◽  
Wan Zuhainis Saad
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Blended Learning ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Peer Learning ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Self Regulated Learning ◽  
Regulated Learning ◽  
Learning Competencies

The ability for students to self-regulate their learning and to learn effectively with peers become two distinctive competencies in the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution. These competencies also affect academic achievement, an important variable used to measure attainment of learning outcomes. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the influence of peer learning and self-regulated learning (SRL) strategies on students’ academic achievement. Of the 409 respondents, only 347 were valid for data analysis, forming a usable case of 84.84%. The instruments used was an online questionnaire, which was adapted from pre-existing reliable multi-item instruments. Structural Equation Model (SEM) analysis was used to examine the relationship between the constructs in the hypothesised model. Given that the structural model exhibited a good fit to the data (χ2/df = 1.697; CFI = 0.916; IFI = 0.917; TFI = 0.912; and RMSEA = 0.045), the results unveiled that students’ ability to learn with peers were found to have a positive and significant effect on academic achievement (β = 0.478, C.R. = 3.628, p = 0.000), and significantly influenced students’ SRL strategies (β = 0.793; C.R. = 6.991; p = 0.000). This study also discusses the practical implications to facilitate the development of students’ self-regulated learning (SRL) and peer learning competencies in blended learning courses.

Website Quality, Perceived Flow, Trust, and Commitment

2021 ◽  
pp. 202-226
Author(s):  
Md Shamim Hossain ◽  
Mst Farjana Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Customer Relationship ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Website Quality ◽  
Customer Commitment ◽  
Collective Trust ◽  
Customer Trust

Website quality in online business is still exploratory, and despite growth in building a relationship with customer research, various challenges remain in developing a more customer-oriented website. This chapter tackles the dilemma of how to support website inclusivity in the building of a customer relationship, by investigating flow, commitment-trust, and stimulus-organism-response (SOR) theories. The authors applied the covariance-based SEM (structural equation modeling) to examine the structural model. Primary data for the study comes from 500 respondents through an online questionnaire. The study results reveal that website quality certainly influences users' perceived flow, which in turn positively influences customer trust and CRM. Again, collective trust influences customer commitment and CRM. Finally, collective customer commitment positively controls CRM. Based on the study findings, the theoretical implications, practical inferences, and directions for future study are highlighted.

Personality Measurement and Profile in a European Sample of Civil Airline Pilots

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 791-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Mesarosova ◽  
Alex B. Siegling ◽  
Rachel A. Plouffe ◽  
Donald H. Saklofske ◽  
Martin M. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Personality Profile ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Airline Pilots ◽  
Pilot Sample

Abstract. The study examined the psychometric properties of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R, UK edition) in a large European sample of civil airline pilots. The NEO PI-R is a comprehensive and robust measure of personality that has been validated across cultures and contexts. Furthermore, the personality profile of the pilot sample was examined and compared to a normative sample representing the UK working population. Data from 591 pilots (95.1% male) were collected. Analyses include the internal reliability and factorial validity (precisely, Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling) to examine the measurement equivalence of the NEO PI-R with reference to UK norms ( N = 1,301). Internal reliability estimates of the NEO PI-R scores were good at the domain level, but generally weak at the facet level. The structural model in the pilot sample was congruent with the general working population sample. Furthermore, there was convincing evidence for a distinct personality profile of civil pilots, although the stability of this profile will require further validation. The NEO PI-R’s validity in the assessment of general personality in civil airline pilots is discussed, along with implications of the results for the utility of personality assessment in civil aviation contexts.

Forced Zero Cross-Loading Misspecifications in Measurement Component of Structural Equation Models

Methodology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 138-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsien-Yuan Hsu ◽  
Susan Troncoso Skidmore ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Bruce Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Model Specification ◽  
Simulation Design ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
Fit Statistics ◽  
Path Coefficients

The purpose of the present paper was to evaluate the effect of constraining near-zero parameter cross-loadings to zero in the measurement component of a structural equation model. A Monte Carlo 3 × 5 × 2 simulation design was conducted (i.e., sample sizes of 200, 600, and 1,000; parameter cross-loadings of 0.07, 0.10, 0.13, 0.16, and 0.19 misspecified to be zero; and parameter path coefficients in the structural model of either 0.50 or 0.70). Results indicated that factor pattern coefficients and factor covariances were overestimated in measurement models when near-zero parameter cross-loadings constrained to zero were higher than 0.13 in the population. Moreover, the path coefficients between factors were misestimated when the near-zero parameter cross-loadings constrained to zero were noteworthy. Our results add to the literature detailing the importance of testing individual model specification decisions, and not simply evaluating omnibus model fit statistics.

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