scholarly journals Situation Awareness Measurement in Remotely Controlled Cars

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Václav Linkov ◽  
Marek Vanžura
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Closed Circuit ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Communication Interface ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
And Control ◽  
Real Traffic

This study reviews the current information concerning the measurement of the situation awareness (SA) of the teleoperated drivers of remotely controlled cars. The teleoperated drivers who drive these cars are in a remote location, and they control the cars through a communication interface. The objective methods with probes are beneficial in measuring SA on a closed circuit without real traffic. Questions specifically should address the information provided on the road by haptic sensations, such as the slope of the road and the vehicle's speed. Methods for measuring SA that involve probes and interruptions obviously are not suitable for use on public roads. A stable environment for the display and control of the communication interface is suitable for an eye tracker in measuring SA. These features also facilitate the use of subjective observer-rating methods. Both of these methods are suitable for driving on real roads because they are not intrusive. SA research in a real-road environment also should demonstrate how the SA of other drivers is affected by seeing a car without a driver. Given the remote character of driving, cultural differences in cognition may have a significant influence on the SA of the teleoperated driver.

What Is Going on? Situation Awareness on the Road

2018 ◽  
pp. 21-35
Author(s):  
Paul M. Salmon ◽  
Gemma J. M. Read ◽  
Guy H. Walker ◽  
Michael G. Lenné ◽  
Neville A. Stanton
Keyword(s):  
Situation Awareness ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

La participation des forces démocratiques à l'expérience française de planification régionale

1972 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Alain Baccigalupo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Regional Planning ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Administrative Reform ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Core ◽  
On The Road ◽  
And Function ◽  
And Control ◽  
Vast Range

After briefly pointing out the weakness of participation at the core of the Regional Committees for Economic Expansion (CREE), the author analyses in depth the notion of participation as it has existed in France since the administrative reform of March 14, 1964, within the Commissions of Regional Economic Development (CODER).Having touched on the place occupied by and the role played by these organizations throughout the process of elaboration, execution, and control of the plan at the regional districts level, the author then turns to an examination of the composition and function of these consultative processes.As far as the composition of the CODER is concerned, the article deals with three main features: the tripartite nature of the commissions; the imbalance of forces particularly to the detriment of the trade unions; and the major reforms capable of improving the representativeness of the commission.Regarding the functioning of the CODERs, the author, having described the vast range of duties which are devolved on them by the texts, puts into perspective the extreme weakness of their “powers” in contrast to the unquestionable authority of the regional prefect. Thus, the CODERs are described as bodies directly under prefectorial control, veritable registry offices deeply divided at their centre, without real expertise and without great impact on public opinion.At the end of the study the author recalls the abortive attempt at regional reform on April 27, 1969, and concludes that it will be necessary to set to work on a far-reaching reform in order to get France on the road towards real democratization of the process of regional planning.

scholarly journals Optimized Design of Adaptive Headlights for Automobile

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1743-1751
Author(s):  
Ayush Singhal ◽  
Ajay Rawat ◽  
Pardeep Tur
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Beam Pattern ◽  
Optimized Design ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
And Control

The adaptive headlights use a variable headlight control system geared to the driver's position on the road. Thisanticipative illumination of the road ahead is based on a system of sensors. The adaptive headlights direct two headlightmodules rotated by motors after sensing steering during the ongoing course of the road, offering the driver a better view atthe road ahead both in front and in curves. Adaptive Headlights automatically adjust the light to match the direction oftravel. That enables the driver to react more quickly because he/she will see the road ahead more clearly. Sensorsmonitor steering angles to assure the proper distribution and control of the beam pattern.

scholarly journals Design & Control of Low Cost Solar Tree for Optimizing a PV System

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 5622-5626 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Pv System ◽  
The Road ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Solar Resource ◽  
And Control

This concept shows the design and control of a solar tree PV system for charging cell phones, supplying electricity for street lighting on open urban areas and charging of electric bike on the road side when the charge is decaying. Based on the above applications, a 7 feet height-tree was built. It has three section of branches, each branches contains 5 sub stem over which leaves made of acrylic with solar panels on the top (1.5 feet × 1feet) mounted. The energy storage capacity is 30 Amp. It has 2 USB ports to connect mobile devices and two 12V-300 W electrical outlets to connect those devices to the electricity. The solar tree was designed according to the environmental conditions of Gunupur, Odisha and for optimizing the output power a flow chart with programming developed. The result was compared with the C language programme. At the last, the PV system's availability to satisfy the energetic requirements was verified. Due to population growth and energy demands, the solar energy is the 2nd best source of non conventional energy which is cause pollution free in nature. By using the concept of the series and parallel connection of panel with the help of sub branch of the main stem the efficiency of the system can be improved. As compared to normal PV system in area point of view the Solar tree becomes more efficient. There is no systematic stimulation for usage of solar panels, purely relying on individual cases of installation on different types of objects. Solar tree may be very much helpful for creating awareness about solar resource. This concept elaborates the possibility of building a solar tree in GIET campus odisha, India, covering technical, social and economic aspects. Benefits and potential drawbacks are elaborated, while special emphasis is given to the specifics of its utilization due to the geographical position of odisha and corresponding number of sunny hours/days per year.

Self-Driving Robotic Cars

2021 ◽  
pp. 599-631
Author(s):  
Jelena L. Pisarov ◽  
Gyula Mester
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Closed Circuit ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Traffic Patterns ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Jams ◽  
Simulation Techniques ◽  
On The Road

Even the behavior of a single driver can have a dramatic impact on hundreds of cars, making it more difficult to manage traffic. While the attempts to analyze and correct the traffic patterns that lead to congestion began as early in the 1930s, it wasn't until recently that scientists developed simulation techniques and advanced algorithms to create more realistic visualizations of traffic flow. In experiments conducted by Alexandre Bayen and the Liao-Cho, which included several dozen cars in a small-scale closed circuit, a single autonomous vehicle could eliminate traffic jams by moderating the speed of every car on the road. In larger simulations, the research showed that once their number rises to 5-10% of all cars in the traffic, they can manage localized traffic even in complex environments, such as merging multiple lanes of traffic into two or navigating extremely busy sections.

Brutal Intimacy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Tulloch ◽  
Belinda Middleweek
Keyword(s):  
Female Sexuality ◽  
Spatial Mapping ◽  
The Road ◽  
Horror Genre ◽  
Historical Structures ◽  
French Culture ◽  
Structures Of Feeling ◽  
On The Road ◽  
And Control ◽  
A Current

Chapter 5 begins with risk sociology’s understanding of intimacy as “a dogmatism for two” to explore an interdisciplinary mix of theory, including Tim Palmer’s analysis of the cinema of “brutal intimacy”; Tanya Modleski’s recognition of a current horror genre inflection of new desires for unleashing sexuality, violence, and control; Kelley Conway’s recognition of an authorship of considerable diversity in the context of films made by women about female sexuality in French culture; Raymond Williams’s concept of historical “structures of feeling”; Beck and Beck-Gernsheim’s “normal chaos of love”; and Giddens’s “transformation of intimacy.” Within these contexts, the films Twentynine Palms, Trouble Every Day, and Irréversible are analyzed textually, exploring genre, narrative, visual shot style, diegetic/non-diegetic sound, and spatial mapping (and the disruption of all these categories), with a particular focus on the road film Twentynine Palms.

Self-Driving Robotic Cars

2022 ◽  
pp. 969-1001
Author(s):  
Jelena L. Pisarov ◽  
Gyula Mester
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Closed Circuit ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Traffic Patterns ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Jams ◽  
Simulation Techniques ◽  
On The Road

Even the behavior of a single driver can have a dramatic impact on hundreds of cars, making it more difficult to manage traffic. While the attempts to analyze and correct the traffic patterns that lead to congestion began as early in the 1930s, it wasn't until recently that scientists developed simulation techniques and advanced algorithms to create more realistic visualizations of traffic flow. In experiments conducted by Alexandre Bayen and the Liao-Cho, which included several dozen cars in a small-scale closed circuit, a single autonomous vehicle could eliminate traffic jams by moderating the speed of every car on the road. In larger simulations, the research showed that once their number rises to 5-10% of all cars in the traffic, they can manage localized traffic even in complex environments, such as merging multiple lanes of traffic into two or navigating extremely busy sections.

Exploration of Rotation Lowering with Building RC Box-Rib Arch Bridge

2013 ◽  
Vol 443 ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
Rui Nong Zou ◽  
Jie Yang
Keyword(s):  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
The Road ◽  
Deep Groove ◽  
New Construction ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Construction Operation ◽  
And Control ◽  
Vertical Casting

Arch rib construction of Zhenzhu Bridge on the road from Wuchuan to Pengshui in Guizhou uses construction technology of vertical casting in the first place, and then vertical rotation, and the total weight of which is 610t. This paper introduces technical points and process of vertical rotation construction, and has made beneficial exploration and summary of such kind of construction technology.OverviewBridge rotation construction has advantages including saving costs for hoisting and erecting frames, reducing risks of frames losing stability when casting arch rib concrete, convenient, flexible, safe, reliable and good integrated construction operation, structural line type and internal forces are easy to adjust and control, small range requirement of construction site, and low impact on surrounding environment. Bridge rotation construction would have a broad application prospect in the practice of bridge construction, especially in Chinas southwest area with wide distribution of deep groove and dangerous gully, such construction method is more advantageous. Therefore, practice and research on such construction technology are very practical and significant.Ordinary vertical rotation construction is to have low casting or arch rib assembling, and then lift upward to reach the designed location. Concrete arch rib construction of Zhenzhu Bridge on the road from Wuchuan to Pengshui in Guizhou uses the technology of negative-angle vertical rotation construction, vertical casting arch rib, and then lowering rotation with weight of 610t. Such construction technology is used in China for the first time, while current vertical rotation of the same type of RC arch rib in China has the maximum weight. Based on emphasis on introducing construction technology characteristics of this bridge, this paper also includes innovation and beneficial exploration on the new construction technology of negative-angle vertical rotation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Safe Routes to Transit Program in California

2015 ◽  
Vol 2534 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-100
Author(s):  
David Weinzimmer ◽  
Rebecca L. Sanders ◽  
Heidi Dittrich ◽  
Jill F. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
San Francisco Bay ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
The Road ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Perceptions Of Safety ◽  
Food And Drink ◽  
On The Road ◽  
And Control

This paper elaborates on findings from an evaluation of the San Francisco Bay Area's Safe Routes to Transit (SR2T) program in California. This program funded enhancements to increase walking and cycling to regional transit stations. To understand how the program influenced travel choices, behavior, and perceptions of safety and local air quality, the study surveyed transit users and observed driver, pedestrian, and bicyclist behavior in the periods before and after the enhancements were made at multiple transit stations. Data from the treatment and control stations suggested that the streetscape and roadway improvements made through the SR2T program positively influenced the propensity to walk, bicycle, and take the bus to transit stations, as reported through surveys. In particular, the results showed that walking and bicycling increased by 3% at treatment sites compared with control sites. Bicycling also increased at control sites; this factor indicated a general societal shift. Furthermore, driving decreased 2.5% at treatment sites. Perceived air quality, in general, improved in the posttime period. When asked about perceived traffic risk, bicyclists more than pedestrians reported feeling safer on the road, with 10% of the bicyclists, on average, feeling safer after the improvements. There were also economic benefits from this project—pedestrians and bicyclists were overrepresented in those who stopped en route to transit for food and drink. The evidence suggested that the SR2T program positively affected the decision to walk and bicycle to access transit. The program is recommended for expansion to additional sites.

scholarly journals Ageing drivers’ mental workload in real-time driving tasks based on subjective and objective measures

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3B) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Izzah Abd Rahman ◽  
◽  
Siti Zawiah Md Dawal ◽  
Nukman Yusoff ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Workload ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Complex Situation ◽  
The Road ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nasa Tlx ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Nasa Task Load Index ◽  
And Control

The ageing drivers’ population is increasing rapidly, and they are exposed to disabilities due to degenerative processes, thus affecting their driving performance. The main objective of this study is to determine the mental workload of ageing drivers, while the second objective is to compare the mental workload between ageing drivers and control group. The methodology consisted of on-the-road experimental driving tasks that comprised three levels of situation complexity. The NASA-Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) and electroencephalogram (EEG) were measured on 30 drivers. The NASA-TLX scores revealed that the ageing drivers’ mean physical demand score was the highest compared to others in moderately complex situation and very complex situation, scoring 37.25 and 43.50, respectively. Meanwhile, for electroencephalogram signals’ fluctuation, results showed that situation complexity had significant effects on RPθ and RPα of channel locations FZPZ and O1O2. There was a significant difference in the weighted workload scores for the ageing drivers and control group in simple situation, while there was no significant difference found in RPθ and RPα bands at all channel locations. The findings would be beneficial as a guideline for designers, manufacturers, developers, and policy makers in designing better driving environment for ageing drivers.

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