scholarly journals “Test Your Spirituality in One Minute or Less” Structural Validity of the Multidimensional Inventory for Religious/Spiritual Well-Being Short Version (MI-RSWB 12)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Fuchshuber ◽  
Human F. Unterrainer
Keyword(s):  
Lower Order ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Bifactor Model ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Order Model ◽  
Structural Validity ◽  
Spiritual Well Being

Background: The Multidimensional Inventory for Religious/Spiritual Well-Being (MI-RSWB 48) was developed in order to address a religious/spiritual dimension as being an important part of psychological well-being. In the meantime, the instrument has been successfully applied in numerous studies. Subsequently, a short version, the MI-RSWB 12 was constructed, especially for the use in clinical assessment. Here it is intended to contribute to the further development of the MI-RSWB 12 by investigating its structural validity through structural equation modeling.Materials and Methods: A total sample of 1,097 German-speaking adults (744 females; 67.8%; Age range: 18–69 years) from the normal population filled in the MI-RSWB 12 via an online-survey. In line with theoretical assumptions 5 different factor structure models for the MI-RSWB 12 were tested: (1) a single-factor model, (2) a model with four correlated RSWB dimensions, (3) a single higher-order model with four lower order factors, (4) a two higher-order model with four lower order factors, (5) a bifactor model, which includes four specific RSWB dimensions.Results: The single-factor model provided the poorest model fit, with no indices falling within the acceptable range. The four-factor, two higher-order factors and the bifactor models showed overall acceptable fit indices. With regard to the Akaike information criterion (AIC), the four-factor model demonstrated superiority compared to both the two higher-order factor model and the bifactor model, which in turn showed did not differ from each other.Conclusion: Four different MI-RSWB 12 sub-scales should be calculated in future studies, while a general factor and two higher order factors are statistically valid as well. Further applications of the MI-RSWB 12, especially in the clinical patient groups, are encouraged.

scholarly journals Measurement invariance of the distress tolerance scale among university students with and without a history of non-suicidal self-injury

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10915
Author(s):  
Ashley Slabbert ◽  
Penelope Hasking ◽  
Danyelle Greene ◽  
Mark Boyes
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Lower Order ◽  
Distress Tolerance ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Order Model ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
History Of ◽  
Order Four

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is the intentional damage to one’s body tissue in the absence of suicidal intent. NSSI primarily serves an emotion regulation function, with individuals engaging in self-injury to escape intense or unwanted emotion. Low distress tolerance has been identified as a mechanism that underlies self-injury, and is commonly assessed using the self-report Distress Tolerance Scale. There are mixed findings regarding the factor structure of the Distress Tolerance Scale, with some researchers utilising a higher-order distress tolerance score (derived from the scores on the four lower-order subscales) and other researchers using the four subscales as unique predictors of psychological outcomes. Neither of these factor structures have been assessed among individuals with a history of self-injury. Of note, an inability to tolerate distress (thought to underlie NSSI) may limit an individual’s capacity to accurately observe and report specific thoughts and emotions experienced in a state of heightened distress, which may impact the validity of scores on the Distress Tolerance Scale. Therefore, measurement invariance should be established before attributing NSSI-related differences on the scale to true differences in distress tolerance. We compared the Distress Tolerance Scale higher-order model with the lower-order four factor model among university students with and without a history of NSSI. Our results indicated that the lower-order four factor model was a significantly better fit to the data than the higher-order model. We then tested the measurement invariance of this lower-order factor model among individuals with and without a history of NSSI, and established configural and full metric invariance, followed by partial scalar and full residual error invariance. These results suggest the four subscales of the Distress Tolerance Scale can be used to confidently discern NSSI-related differences in distress tolerance.

scholarly journals Three recommendations based on a comparison of the reliability and validity of the predominant models used in research on the empirical structure of psychopathology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam K. Forbes ◽  
Ashley Lauren Greene ◽  
Holly Levin-Aspenson ◽  
Ashley L. Watts ◽  
Michael Hallquist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Bifactor Model ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Single Factor Model

The present study compared the primary models used in research on the structure of psychopathology (i.e., correlated factor, higher-order, and bifactor models) in terms of structural validity (model fit and factor reliability), longitudinal measurement invariance, concurrent and prospective predictive validity in relation to important outcomes, and longitudinal consistency in individuals’ factor score profiles. Two simpler operationalizations of a general factor of psychopathology were also examined—a single-factor model and a count of diagnoses. Models were estimated based on structured clinical interview diagnoses in two longitudinal waves of nationally representative data from the United States (n = 43,093 and n = 34,653). Models that included narrower factors (fear, distress, and externalizing) were needed to capture the observed multidimensionality of the data. In the correlated factor and higher-order models these narrower factors were reliable, largely invariant over time, had consistent associations with indicators of adaptive functioning, and had moderate stability within individuals over time. By contrast, the fear and distress specific factors in the bifactor model did not show good reliability or validity throughout the analyses. Notably, the general factor of psychopathology (p-factor) performed similarly well across tests of reliability and validity regardless of whether the higher-order or bifactor model was used; the simplest (single-factor) model was also comparable across most tests, with the exception of model fit. Given the limitations of categorical diagnoses, it will be important to repeat these analyses using dimensional measures. We conclude that when aiming to understand the structure and correlates of psychopathology it is important to: 1) look beyond model fit indices to choose between different models; 2) examine the reliability of latent variables directly; and 3) be cautious when isolating and interpreting the unique effects of specific psychopathology factors, regardless of which model is used.

scholarly journals Cross-Cultural Evaluation of Antonovsky’s Orientation to Life Questionnaire: Comparison Between Australian, Finnish, and Turkish Young Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 731-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Lajunen
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
Three Factor ◽  
Single Factor Model

Antonovsky’s concept “sense of coherence” (SOC) and the related measurement instrument “The Orientation to Life Questionnaire” (OLQ) has been widely applied in studies on health and well-being. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the cultural differences in factor structures and psychometric properties as well as mean scores of the 13-item form of Antonovsky’s OLQ among Australian (n = 201), Finnish (n = 203), and Turkish (n = 152) students. Three models of factor structure were studied by using confirmatory factor analysis: single-factor model, first-order correlated-three-factor model, and the second-order three-factor model. Results obtained in all three countries suggest that the first- and second-order three-factor models fitted the data better that the single-factor model. Hence, the OLQ scoring based on comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness scales was supported. Scale reliabilities and inter-correlations were in line with those reported in earlier studies. Two-way analyses of variance (gender × nationality) with age as a covariate showed no cultural differences in SOC scale scores. Women got higher scores on the meaningfulness scale than men, and age was positively related to all SOC scale scores indicating that SOC increases in early adulthood. The results support the three-factor model of OLQ which thus should be used in Australia, Finland, and Turkey instead of a single-factor model. Need for cross-cultural studies taking into account cultural correlates of SOC and its relation to health and well-being indicators as well as studies on gender differences in the OLQ are emphasized.

Scaling of detonation velocity in cylinder and slab geometries for ideal, insensitive and non-ideal explosives

2015 ◽  
Vol 773 ◽  
pp. 224-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott I. Jackson ◽  
Mark Short
Keyword(s):  
Phase Velocity ◽  
Detonation Velocity ◽  
Lower Order ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Slab Thickness ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Order Model ◽  
Scaling Behaviour ◽  
Geometric Scaling ◽  
Shock Curvature

Experiments were conducted to characterize the detonation phase-velocity dependence on charge thickness for two-dimensional detonation in condensed-phase explosive slabs of PBX 9501, PBX 9502 and ANFO. In combination with previous diameter-effect measurements from a cylindrical rate-stick geometry, these data permit examination of the relative scaling of detonation phase velocity between axisymmetric and two-dimensional detonation. We find that the ratio of cylinder radius ($R$) to slab thickness ($T$) at each detonation phase velocity ($D_{0}$) is such that $R(D_{0})/T(D_{0})<1$. The variation in the $R(D_{0})/T(D_{0})$ scaling is investigated with two detonation shock dynamics (DSD) models: a lower-order model relates the normal detonation velocity to local shock curvature, while a higher-order model includes the effect of front acceleration and transverse flow. The experimentally observed $R(D_{0})/T(D_{0})$ (${<}1$) scaling behaviour for PBX 9501 and PBX 9502 is captured by the lower-order DSD theory, revealing that the variation in the scale factor is due to a difference in the slab and axisymmetric components of the curvature along the shock in the cylindrical geometry. The higher-order DSD theory is required to capture the observed $R(D_{0})/T(D_{0})$ (${<}1$) scaling behaviour for ANFO. An asymptotic analysis of the lower-order DSD formulation describes the geometric scaling of the detonation phase velocity between the cylinder and slab geometries as the detonation phase velocity approaches the Chapman–Jouguet value.

Higher-Order and Bifactor Models of the Drinking Motives Questionnaire

Assessment ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Lac ◽  
Candice D. Donaldson
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Negative Reinforcement ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Bifactor Model ◽  
Drinking Motives ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses

The Drinking Motives Questionnaire, previously postulated and documented to exhibit a measurement structure of four correlated factors (social, enhancement, conformity, and coping), is a widely administered assessment of reasons for consuming alcohol. In the current study ( N = 552), confirmatory factor analyses tested the plausibility of several theoretically relevant factor structures. Fit indices corroborated the original four-factor model, and also supported a higher-order factor model involving a superordinate motives factor that explicated four subordinate factors. A bifactor model that permitted items to double load on valence type (positive or negative reinforcement) and source type (external or internal) generated mixed results, suggesting that this 2 × 2 motivation paradigm was not entirely tenable. Optimal fit was obtained for a bifactor model depicting a general factor and four specific factors of motives. Latent factors derived from this structure exhibited criterion validity in predicting frequency and quantity of alcohol usage in a structural equation model. Findings are interpreted in the context of theoretical implications of the instrument, alternative factor structures of drinking motives, and assessment applications.

scholarly journals Psychometric Analysis of the Shortened Version of the Spiritual Well-Being Scale on the Slovak Population (SWBS-Sk)

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 511
Author(s):  
Peter Tavel ◽  
Bibiana Jozefiakova ◽  
Peter Telicak ◽  
Jana Furstova ◽  
Michal Puza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychometric Analysis ◽  
Final Version ◽  
Slovak Population ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Spiritual Well Being

This study was focused on verifying the factor structure of the shortened version of the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) on a representative sample of adult Slovak citizens (N = 1018, 49% men, age 18–85 years, and mean age 46.2). The shortened version of the SWBS consists of 10 items divided into two subscales: religious well-being (RWB) and existential well-being (EWB). Results of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed insufficient parameters of the full two-factor model due to three negatively formulated items. After their exclusion, the two-factor model was found to be valid in the Slovakian population (χ (13) = 53.1, p < 0.001, χ2/df = 4.1, CFI = 0.999, TLI = 0.999, RMSEA = 0.055, and SRMR = 0.028). The reliability of the final version of the SWBS-Sk, consisting of seven positively worded items, is high, with α = 0.86 and ω = 0.94. Religious respondents and women scored significantly higher on the whole scale (p = 0.001) as well as on the two subscales (p < 0.05). A higher age was associated with a higher RWB score (p = 0.001) and a lower EWB score (p = 0.002). The shortened version of the SWBS-Sk consisting of positively worded items was found to be valid and reliable for further use in the Slovak environment.

scholarly journals Validation of the Scale of Emotional States in the Physical Education Context

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 5006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trigueros ◽  
Aguilar-Parra ◽  
Cangas ◽  
Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Order Model

The purpose of the present study was to validate an instrument of student emotional experiences in the Spanish Physical Education context. The sample of participants consisted of 864 secondary education students from various educational institutions of Spain who ranged in age from 13 to 19 years. To assess the psychometric properties of the Scale of Emotions in Physical Education (SEPE), various types of analyses were conducted. The factor structure of the SEPE was examined through confirmatory factorial analysis in relation to two models. In the first model, it was proposed that the eight first order factors, which represented the eight emotional states, would be correlated amongst each other. In the second model, an eight-factor model with two higher order factors was proposed, with these higher order factors representing distinct sets of positive and negative emotions. The results provide support the presence of an eight-factor second order model which consisted of sets of four positive emotions and four negative emotions. These results provide evidence for the reliability and validity of the SEPE within the Spanish Physical Education context.

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