scholarly journals Social–Structural Antecedents Come Forward to Elicit Envy to Distant Out-Groups

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nino Javakhishvili ◽  
Nino Butsashvili ◽  
Irina Vardanashvili ◽  
Anna Gogibedashvili
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Content Model ◽  
Stereotype Content ◽  
Social Structural ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Students Attitudes

This study utilizing correlation, regression, confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs), ANOVA, moderation and mediation analysis investigated connections of stereotypes, emotions, and sociocultural variables in a single-sample/single-group design. Prior to data processing, Georgian versions of the Stereotype Content Model (SCM) questionnaires were validated through CFA. The study looked at Georgian students' attitudes to: (a) representatives of German-speaking countries (87 participants) and (b) representatives of English-speaking countries (244 participants). Emotions predicted to these groups by social–structural antecedents—vitality and fear of assimilation—and stereotypes were admiration, pride, and sympathy. In addition, envy was predicted for the English-speaking group. The prediction of envy is explained by moderation analysis according to which it is elicited by the interplay of warmth and competence, as well as fear of assimilation and competence. The former interaction mediates the link between social–structural antecedents to emotions. Thus, distant out-groups elicit envy as a result of their perceived vitality, fear of assimilation, warmth, and competence. Social–structural antecedents come forward to elicit emotions of envy independently as well as in interaction with stereotypes when small country representatives evaluate representatives of the influential group of English-speaking people.

scholarly journals A Personality Trait-Based Network of Boredom, Spontaneous and Deliberate Mind-Wandering

Assessment ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 107319112093633
Author(s):  
Corinna S. Martarelli ◽  
Alex Bertrams ◽  
Wanja Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Mind Wandering ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Graph Analysis ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Boredom Proneness

This article reports the translation into German and validation of two self-report measures of mind-wandering and boredom (the Spontaneous and Deliberate Mind-Wandering Scales and the Short Boredom Proneness Scale). Confirmatory factor analyses provided support for the original conceptualization of the constructs. To evaluate measurement invariance across samples, data were collected in a German-speaking sample ( n = 418) and an English-speaking sample ( n = 364). The results indicated weak measurement invariance. To explore the interplay between mind-wandering and boredom, we performed an exploratory graph analysis in the entire sample ( N = 782), which revealed the structure of relationships between boredom and the two facets of mind-wandering. The results are discussed in the context of theoretical accounts of boredom and mind-wandering.

scholarly journals A personality trait-based network of boredom, spontaneous and deliberate mind-wandering

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna Martarelli ◽  
Alex Bertrams ◽  
Wanja Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Mind Wandering ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Graph Analysis ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Boredom Proneness

This article reports the translation into German and validation of two self-report measures of mind-wandering and boredom (the Spontaneous and Deliberate Mind-Wandering Scales; SDMWS; Carriere, Seli, & Smilek, 2013, and the Short Boredom Proneness Scale; SBPS; Struk, Carriere, Cheyne, & Danckert, 2017). Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) provided support for the original conceptualization of the constructs. To evaluate measurement invariance across samples, data were collected in a German-speaking sample (n = 418) and an English-speaking sample (n = 364). The results indicated weak measurement invariance. To explore the interplay between mind-wandering and boredom, we performed an exploratory graph analysis (EGA) in the entire sample (N = 782), which revealed the structure of relationships between boredom and the two facets of mind-wandering. The results are discussed in the context of theoretical accounts of boredom and mind-wandering.

scholarly journals Do German Children Differ? A Validation of Conners Early Childhood™

2020 ◽  
pp. 108705472090795
Author(s):  
Selina Türk ◽  
Simon Harbarth ◽  
Sebastian Bergold ◽  
Ricarda Steinmayr ◽  
Eva Neidhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽  
Symptom Ratings ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
German Children ◽  
Childcare Provider

Objective: The present study aimed to validate the German version of the Conners Early Childhood (EC)™ among German-speaking children. Method: A total of 720 parental and 599 childcare provider ratings of 2- to 6-year-old children were surveyed throughout Germany. Validity was assessed by calculating exploratory factor analyses (EFAs) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs), and a series of multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) to analyze associations between Conners EC™ symptom ratings and sociodemographic variables. In addition, parent and childcare provider ratings of Conners EC™ scales were correlated with a number of other well-validated German measures assessing preschoolers’ behaviors. Results: Although the EFA yielded different factors than the original scales, CFA revealed acceptable to good model fits. Conclusion: Overall, we confirmed the factor structure of the Conners EC’s™ American original within the German validation. The use of the American factor structure is justified and can be recommended to facilitate international research on psychopathology in early childhood.

scholarly journals Examining the Structural Validity of Stereotype Content Measures – A Preregistered Re-Analysis of Published Data and Discussion of Possible Future Directions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria-Therese Friehs ◽  
Johanna Boettcher ◽  
Patrick Ferdinand Kotzur ◽  
Tabea Lüttmer ◽  
Ulrich Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Structural Validity ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
Stereotype Content ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
English Speaking

The stereotype content model (SCM) plays a prominent role in social perception research when comparing the evaluation of different groups on warmth and competence dimensions. We examined the structural validity of SCM measures from publications based on data from English speaking participants. Re-analyzing 78 datasets from 43 published studies using confirmatory factor analyses and measurement invariance assessment, we found that 34.81% of the 586 re-analyzed SCM measurement models showed adequate scale dimensionality, implying a meaningful and valid warmth and competence assessment in one third of all cases. Regarding the scales’ comparability as defined by measurement invariance, we found (partial) scalar invariance as precondition for meaningful mean-value comparisons in 11.43% of all cases. These findings indicate considerable validity concerns in published SCM research. We propose future directions to improve the measurement quality and validity in future SCM research and invite fellow researchers to constructively discuss these ideas.

scholarly journals Measurement Invariance in the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) Scale among English-Speaking Whites and Asians

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5298
Author(s):  
Tsukasa Kato
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Covariance Structure ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Best Fit

The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale has been widely used to measure depressive symptoms. This study compared the measurement invariances for one-, two-, three-, and four-factor models of the CES-D across English-speaking Whites and Asians: White Americans, White Australians, Indians, Filipinos, and Singaporeans. White Americans and Australians, Indians, Filipinos, and Singaporeans English speakers (782 men and 824 women) whose ages ranged from 20 to 79 years, completed the CES-D. They were recruited from the data pool of the 2013 and 2014 Coping and Health Survey. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the original four-factor model showed the best fit, compared to the other models. Mean and covariance structure analyses showed that the factor means of the CES-D subscales among Whites were significantly lower than were those among Asians; the score gap was particularly high between Whites and Indians. Additionally, Indians scored the highest on all subscales of the CES-D compared to all other countries. Overall, CES-D scores among Whites were lower than those among Asians.

Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS)

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Iliceto ◽  
Emanuele Fino
Keyword(s):  
Second Order ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Beck Hopelessness Scale ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
Model Invariance ◽  
Three Factor

The Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) is an instrument for assessing cognitive thoughts among suicidal persons. Previous studies have identified different factor structures of the BHS. However, results were not conclusive. The aim of this study was to test the factor structure of the BHS in a sample of Italian individuals (N = 509) from the community, and secondarily to investigate correlations between the BHS, depression (Beck Depression Inventory Second Edition), and personality traits (Zuckerman-Kuhlman-Aluja Personality Questionnaire). Following recommendations of previous investigations, we utilized a 5-point response format. We applied a second-order Confirmatory Factor Analyses and tested for the model invariance. The results suggest that besides a single second-order factor, a second-order three-factor solution is also reasonable, in line with Beck’s theorization.

Mindfulness or Mindlessness?

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volkmar Höfling ◽  
Helfried Moosbrugger ◽  
Karin Schermelleh-Engel ◽  
Thomas Heidenreich
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Mindful Attention ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Item Wording ◽  
Method Effects

The 15 items of the Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale (MAAS; Brown & Ryan, 2003 ) are negatively worded and assumed to assess mindfulness. However, there are indications of differences between the original MAAS and a version with the positively rephrased MAAS items (“mirror items”). The present study examines whether the mindfulness facet “mindful attention and awareness” (MAA) can be measured with both positively and negatively worded items if we take method effects due to item wording into account. To this end, the 15 negatively worded items of the MAAS and additionally 13 positively rephrased items were assessed (N = 602). Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) models with and without regard to method effects were carried out and evaluated by means of model fit. As a result, the positively and negatively worded items should be seen as different methods that influence the construct validity of mindfulness. Furthermore, a modified version of the MAAS (MAAS-Short) with five negatively worded items (taken from the MAAS) and five positively worded items (“mirror items”) was introduced as an alternative to assess MAA. The MAAS-Short appears superior to the original MAAS. The results and the limitations of the present study are discussed.

Measurement Invariance Analysis of the Parental Stress Index

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 771-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Piskernik ◽  
Barbara Supper ◽  
Lieselotte Ahnert
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Parental Stress ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Structural Invariance ◽  
Parent Domain ◽  
Structural Levels

Abstract. While parenting research continues to compare similarities and differences in mothers’ and fathers’ behaviors based on mean values on the respective dimensions, measurement invariance as a prerequisite for these comparisons has seldom been assured. The present study thus subjected the well-known Parenting Stress Index (PSI), widely used in models of family functioning, to a rigorous measurement invariance analysis based on ( N = 214) Austrian couples with children younger than 3 years of age. We evaluated configural, metric, scalar, and uniqueness invariance on item and subscale levels, and tested for structural invariance of means and variances of the PSI parent and child domain by second-order confirmatory factor analyses. As a result, only measurement differences on the scalar levels affected the factor scores, though negligibly. On the structural levels, no differences were found on the PSI child domain across parents, but on the PSI parent domain, mothers reported more stress.

French Adaptation of the Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory (CHEXI)

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Catale ◽  
Caroline Lejeune ◽  
Sarah Merbah ◽  
Thierry Meulemans
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Rating Instrument ◽  
Functioning Inventory ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Thorell and Nyberg (2008 ) recently developed the Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory (CHEXI), a new rating instrument for executive functioning in day-to-day life which can be divided into four subscales: working memory, planning, inhibition, and regulation. Using an exploratory factor analysis on data from young Swedish children attending kindergarten, Thorell and Nyberg (2008 ) found a two-factor solution that taps working memory and inhibition. In the present study, we explored the psychometric characteristics of the French adaptation of the CHEXI. A group of 95 parents of 5- and 6-year-old children completed the CHEXI, 87 of whom were given clinical inhibition and working memory tasks. Confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the two-factor solution based on inhibition and working memory that was identified in the original study of Swedish children. Supplementary results indicated good internal and test-retest reliability for the entire scale, as well as for the two subscales identified. Correlation analyses showed no relationship between cognitive measures and the CHEXI subscales. Possible clinical applications for the CHEXI scales are discussed.

Assessing Self-Efficacy in Presentation and Moderation Skills

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Ringeisen ◽  
Sonja Rohrmann ◽  
Anika Bürgermeister ◽  
Ana N. Tibubos
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Constructed Self ◽  
University Course ◽  
Correlated Factors ◽  
Report Measure

Abstract. By means of two studies, a self-report measure to assess self-efficacy in presentation and moderation skills, the SEPM scales, was validated. In study 1, factorial and construct validity were examined. A sample of 744 university students (41% females; more than 50% between 20 and 25 years) completed newly constructed self-efficacy items. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) substantiated two positively correlated factors, presentation (SEPM-P) and moderation self-efficacy (SEPM-M). Each factor consists of eight items. The correlation patterns between the two SEPM subscales and related constructs such as extraversion, the preference for cooperative learning, and conflict management indicated adequate construct validity. In study 2, criterion validity was determined by means of latent change modeling. One hundred sixty students ( Mage = 24.40, SD = 4.04; 61% females) took part in a university course to foster key competences and completed the SEPM scales at the beginning and the end of the semester. Presentation and moderation self-efficacy increased significantly over time of which the latter was positively associated with the performance in a practical moderation exam. Across both studies, reliability of the scales was high, ranging from McDonald’s ω .80 to .88.

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