scholarly journals Experience Affects EEG Event-Related Synchronization in Dancers and Non-dancers While Listening to Preferred Music

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroko Nakano ◽  
Mari-Anne M. Rosario ◽  
Constanza de Dios
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Music ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Argentine Tango ◽  
Creative Cognition ◽  
Alpha Frequency ◽  
Cognitive Operations ◽  
Functional Inhibition ◽  
Inhibition Hypothesis ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
Increased Activity

EEGs were analyzed to investigate the effect of experiences in listening to preferred music in dancers and non-dancers. Participants passively listened to instrumental music of their preferred genre for 2 min (Argentine tango for dancers, classical, or jazz for non-dancers), alternate genres, and silence. Both groups showed increased activity for their preferred music compared to non-preferred music in the gamma, beta, and alpha frequency bands. The results suggest all participants' conscious recognition of and affective responses to their familiar music (gamma), appreciation of the tempo embedded in their preferred music and emotional arousal (beta), and enhanced attention mechanism for cognitive operations such as memory retrieval (alpha). The observed alpha activity is considered in the framework of the alpha functional inhibition hypothesis, in that years of experience listening to their favorite type of music may have honed the cerebral responses to achieve efficient cortical processes. Analyses of the electroencephalogram (EEG) activity over 100s-long music pieces revealed a difference between dancers and non-dancers in the magnitude of an initial alpha event-related desynchronization (ERD) and the later development of an alpha event-related synchronization (ERS) for their preferred music. Dancers exhibited augmented alpha ERD, as well as augmented and uninterrupted alpha ERS over the remaining 80s. This augmentation in dancers is hypothesized to be derived from creative cognition or motor imagery operations developed through their dance experiences.

Type of Music Associated with Relaxation Based on EEG Signal Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurhanis Izzati Che Marzuki ◽  
Nasrul Humaimi Mahmood ◽  
Norlaili Mat Safri
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Alpha Frequency ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
Being There ◽  
Musical Sounds ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Eeg Signal Analysis

Music is the science and the art of tones, or the musical sounds. Music is also the art of combining tones in a manner to please the ear. Music therapy is the planned and creative use of music to attain and maintain health and well–being. There are a lot of experimental efforts to understand musical processing in the brain using electroencephalogram (EEG). It is accepted that listening to music increases the theta and alpha bands power that is associated to increase relaxation. In this study, we are interested to find the type of music that can produce such state of mind by analysing the EEG power spectrum in those frequency bands. 4 types of music were investigated, i.e. sound of instrumental piano, sound of wave, sound of birds and sound of nature. As the result, 71.4% of subjects were able to achieved highest power spectral density in theta and alpha frequency bands while listening to sound of instrumental piano and sound of nature while only 28.6–42.9% of subjects were able to produce the same while listening to sound of wave and sound of bird. From the finding, it can be concluded that sound of instrumental piano and sound of nature increase relaxation as indicated by the increase of PSD in the theta/alpha frequency bands compared to the sound of wave and sound of bird.

Memory Repression: Brain Mechanisms underlying Dissociative Amnesia

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 602-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirokazu Kikuchi ◽  
Toshikatsu Fujii ◽  
Nobuhito Abe ◽  
Maki Suzuki ◽  
Masahito Takagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Stressful Event ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Dissociative Amnesia ◽  
And Control ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
With Memory

Dissociative amnesia usually follows a stressful event and cannot be attributable to explicit brain damage. It is thought to reflect a reversible deficit in memory retrieval probably due to memory repression. However, the neural mechanisms underlying this condition are not clear. We used fMRI to investigate neural activity associated with memory retrieval in two patients with dissociative amnesia. For each patient, three categories of face photographs and three categories of people's names corresponding to the photographs were prepared: those of “recognizable” high school friends who were acquainted with and recognizable to the patients, those of “unrecognizable” colleagues who were actually acquainted with but unrecognizable to the patients due to their memory impairments, and “control” distracters who were unacquainted with the patients. During fMRI, the patients were visually presented with these stimuli and asked to indicate whether they were personally acquainted with them. In the comparison of the unrecognizable condition with the recognizable condition, we found increased activity in the pFC and decreased activity in the hippocampus in both patients. After treatment for retrograde amnesia, the altered pattern of brain activation disappeared in one patient whose retrograde memories were recovered, whereas it remained unchanged in the other patient whose retrograde memories were not recovered. Our findings provide direct evidence that memory repression in dissociative amnesia is associated with an altered pattern of neural activity, and they suggest the possibility that the pFC has an important role in inhibiting the activity of the hippocampus in memory repression.

scholarly journals Mental State Detection Using Riemannian Geometry on Electroencephalogram Brain Signals

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selina C. Wriessnegger ◽  
Philipp Raggam ◽  
Kyriaki Kostoglou ◽  
Gernot R. Müller-Putz
Keyword(s):  
Riemannian Geometry ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Alpha Frequency ◽  
Brain Signals ◽  
Task Conditions ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
Experiment Duration

The goal of this study was to implement a Riemannian geometry (RG)-based algorithm to detect high mental workload (MWL) and mental fatigue (MF) using task-induced electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. In order to elicit high MWL and MF, the participants performed a cognitively demanding task in the form of the letter n-back task. We analyzed the time-varying characteristics of the EEG band power (BP) features in the theta and alpha frequency band at different task conditions and cortical areas by employing a RG-based framework. MWL and MF were considered as too high, when the Riemannian distances of the task-run EEG reached or surpassed the threshold of the baseline EEG. The results of this study showed a BP increase in the theta and alpha frequency bands with increasing experiment duration, indicating elevated MWL and MF that impedes/hinders the task performance of the participants. High MWL and MF was detected in 8 out of 20 participants. The Riemannian distances also showed a steady increase toward the threshold with increasing experiment duration, with the most detections occurring toward the end of the experiment. To support our findings, subjective ratings (questionnaires concerning fatigue and workload levels) and behavioral measures (performance accuracies and response times) were also considered.

scholarly journals Core Network Contributions to Remembering the Past, Imagining the Future, and Thinking Creatively

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1939-1951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger E. Beaty ◽  
Preston P. Thakral ◽  
Kevin P. Madore ◽  
Mathias Benedek ◽  
Daniel L. Schacter
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Divergent Thinking ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Episodic Retrieval ◽  
Core Network ◽  
Creative Cognition ◽  
The Core

The core network refers to a set of neural regions that have been consistently associated with episodic memory retrieval and episodic future simulation. This network is thought to support the constructive thought processes that allow the retrieval and flexible combination of stored information to reconstruct past and construct novel future experiences. Recent behavioral research points to an overlap between these constructive processes and those also engaged during divergent thinking—the ability to think creatively and generate novel ideas—but the extent to which they involve common neural correlates remains unclear. Using fMRI, we sought to address this question by assessing brain activity as participants recalled past experiences, simulated future experiences, or engaged in divergent thinking. Consistent with past work, we found that episodic retrieval and future simulation activated the core network compared with a semantic control condition. Critically, a triple conjunction of episodic retrieval, future simulation, and divergent thinking revealed common engagement of core network regions, including the bilateral hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus, as well as other regions involved in memory retrieval (inferior frontal gyrus) and mental imagery (middle occipital gyrus). The results provide further insight into the roles of the hippocampus and the core network in episodic memory retrieval, future simulation, and divergent thinking and extend recent work highlighting the involvement of constructive episodic processes in creative cognition.

Effects of music listening on creative cognition and semantic memory retrieval

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine E. Eskine ◽  
Ashanti E. Anderson ◽  
Madeline Sullivan ◽  
Edward J. Golob
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Classical Music ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Semantic Knowledge ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Semantic Retrieval ◽  
Creative Cognition ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Relationship

Listening to music can affect cognitive abilities and may impact creative cognition. This effect is believed to be caused by music’s impact on arousal and mood. However, this causal relationship has been understudied. Furthermore, the strength of semantic knowledge associations has also been linked to creativity and provides an alternative hypothesis for increases in creative cognition. The relationship between music, mood, semantic knowledge, and creative cognition is not well understood. The present study consisted of two experiments. The first examined the relationship between music listening and creative cognition, the second additionally sought to examine whether the effect of music on semantic memory and/or mood are mechanisms that promote creative cognition. In the first experiment, participants completed 15 items of the Remote Associates Test of Creativity after listening to hip-hop music, classical music, and babble. In addition to replicating the first experiment, the second also measured mood and semantic memory. In both experiments participants displayed greater creativity after listening to music. Semantic memory retrieval was enhanced after listening to music, but creative cognition and semantic memory were not significantly correlated with mood. The findings show parallel, positive effects on creative cognition, semantic retrieval, and mood when subjects listen to music.

scholarly journals Dopamine is a double-edged sword: Enhancing memory retrieval performance at the expense of metacognition

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mareike Clos ◽  
Nico Bunzeck ◽  
Tobias Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Retrieval Performance ◽  
Confidence Levels ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Memory Problems ◽  
Long Time ◽  
D2 Antagonist ◽  
Memory Confidence ◽  
Increased Activity

AbstractWhile memory encoding and consolidation processes have been linked with dopaminergic signaling for a long time, the role of dopamine in episodic memory retrieval remained mostly unexplored. Based on previous observations of striatal activity during memory retrieval, we used pharmacological fMRI to investigate the effects of dopamine on retrieval performance and metacognitive memory confidence in healthy humans. Dopaminergic modulation by the D2 antagonist haloperidol administered acutely during the retrieval phase improved recognition accuracy of previously learned pictures significantly and was associated with increased activity in the SN/VTA, locus coeruleus, hippocampus and amygdala during retrieval. In contrast, confidence for new-decisions was impaired by unsystematically increased activity of the striatum across confidence levels and restricted range of responsiveness in frontostriatal networks under haloperidol. These findings offer new insights into the mechanisms underlying memory retrieval and metacognition and provide a broader perspective on the presence of memory problems in dopamine-related diseases and the treatment of memory disorders.

scholarly journals Protecting memory from misinformation: Warnings modulate cortical reinstatement during memory retrieval

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (37) ◽  
pp. 22771-22779
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Karanian ◽  
Nathaniel Rabb ◽  
Alia N. Wulff ◽  
McKinzey G. Torrance ◽  
Ayanna K. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Memory Distortion ◽  
Memory Errors ◽  
Misleading Information ◽  
Original Source ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Increased Susceptibility ◽  
Original Event

Exposure to even subtle forms of misleading information can significantly alter memory for past events. Memory distortion due to misinformation has been linked to faulty reconstructive processes during memory retrieval and the reactivation of brain regions involved in the initial encoding of misleading details (cortical reinstatement). The current study investigated whether warning participants about the threat of misinformation can modulate cortical reinstatement during memory retrieval and reduce misinformation errors. Participants watched a silent video depicting a crime (original event) and were given an initial test of memory for the crime details. Then, participants listened to an auditory narrative describing the crime in which some original details were altered (misinformation). Importantly, participants who received a warning about the reliability of the auditory narrative either before or after exposure to misinformation demonstrated less susceptibility to misinformation on a final test of memory compared to unwarned participants. Warned and unwarned participants also demonstrated striking differences in neural activity during the final memory test. Compared to participants who did not receive a warning, participants who received a warning (regardless of its timing) demonstrated increased activity in visual regions associated with the original source of information as well as decreased activity in auditory regions associated with the misleading source of information. Stronger visual reactivation was associated with reduced susceptibility to misinformation, whereas stronger auditory reactivation was associated with increased susceptibility to misinformation. Together, these results suggest that a simple warning can modulate reconstructive processes during memory retrieval and reduce memory errors due to misinformation.

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