Place Attachment and Views on Tree Management

Few studies have investigated relational environmental views of different stakeholder groups. In this study, we investigated how residents of rural and urban municipalities view the management of trees (who should decide about trees’ removal – the landowner, or the municipality), which provides a various range of ecosystem services and the extent that place attachment as a relational variable affects these views. The analysis was based on 231 questionnaires conducted in two Polish municipalities: one rural (Nysa) and one urban (Racibórz). Data were analyzed using statistical methods including logistic regression models for analyzing factors impacting the main research question. Our investigation showed that both place attachment involving public good sentiments and the perception of ecosystem services provided by trees, that are related to private interests significantly impacted views on tree management. In rural areas the opinion, that the municipality should decide to remove trees was positively associated with a place attachment. For residents of urban areas (Racibórz), the strength of place attachment was not related to the perception of tree removal, but it was related to the perception of trees’ cultural benefits. We argue that considering psychological variables related to the tree management issues could help avoid conflicts.

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Abstract P94: Rural-Urban Utilization of Echocardiography: Analysis of Veterans Administration Data

Circulation Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes ◽

10.1161/circoutcomes.4.suppl_1.ap94 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Kingston Okrah ◽

Mary Vaughan-Sarrazin ◽

Peter Kaboli ◽

Peter Cram

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Regression Models ◽

Rural Regions ◽

Integrated Networks ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Patient Demographics ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Urban Rural

BACKGROUND: Patients residing in rural areas may have reduced access to many medical services. This is a particular concern for highly regionalized delivery systems such as VA Healthcare System. We examine echocardiography (echo) utilization among veterans residing in urban and rural regions of the US. METHODS: We used VA administrative data to identify patients receiving care at the VA from 1999-2007. Patients were included during any year that they were engaged in care at the VA, defined by having at least 2 primary care visits during the year (“VA users”). For each year, we identified echos performed on VA users using CPT or ICD-9 codes. We classified each veteran as living in an urban, rural or highly rural region using the RUCA classification system. We compared demographics, comorbidity, and echo utilization rates per 1000 VA users among veterans living in each of the 3 regions using bivariate methods. We used logistic regression models to compare echo utilization for veterans residing in rural and highly rural areas with urban veterans serving as the reference while adjusting for patient demographics, comorbidity, and clustering of patients within 23 veteran integrated networks. RESULTS: Echo recipients residing in highly rural areas were older than residents in rural and urban areas (67.3 yrs vs. 66.7 yrs vs. 66.6 yrs), and more likely to be white, (76.5% vs. 73.6% vs. 59.4%). Unadjusted echo utilization was significantly higher for residents of urban areas compared to rural areas, but similar to highly rural areas (64.0 echos per 1000 per year for urban vs. 59.2 for rural vs. 63.7 for highly rural). In regression models however, we found that veterans living in rural and highly rural areas were slightly more likely to receive echos compared to veterans living in urban areas after adjusting for patient demographics and comorbidity (OR 1.03 95% CI 1.03-1.04 for rural and OR 1.13 95% CI 1.12-1.14 for isolated rural). CONCLUSION: We found no evidence that veterans residing in rural and highly rural regions of the U.S. had reduced utilization of echocardiography after adjusting for patient demographics and comorbidity. These findings suggest that the regionalization of the VA delivery system does not limit the performance of echocardiography for rural veterans.

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Environmental Satisfaction, Residential Satisfaction, and Place Attachment: The Cases of Long-Term Residents in Rural and Urban Areas in China

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11226439 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (22) ◽

pp. 6439 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chen ◽

Hall ◽

Yu ◽

Qian

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Place Attachment ◽

Mediating Effect ◽

Residential Satisfaction ◽

Path Modeling ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Rural Sample

Drawing on literature from environmental psychology and urban planning, this study evaluates the relationships between environmental satisfaction, residential satisfaction, and place attachment in the context of both rural and urban areas in China. A field survey was carried out with 490 valid questionnaires collected in rural areas and 420 from urban areas in China. Partial least squares path modeling was applied for testing the relationships between the three main constructs. The results indicate a significant mediating role of residential satisfaction between environmental satisfaction and place attachment, suggesting the importance of residential satisfaction in residents’ attachment-building to place. This study also found significant differences between rural and urban contexts with the mediating effect of residential satisfaction being absent from the rural sample.

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TURNING FARMERS INTO SOCIAL FARMER ENTREPRENEURS FOR DISADVANTAGED PEOPLE

NORDSCI Conference proceedings, Book 1 Volume 3 ◽

10.32008/nordsci2020/b1/v3/31 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Remus Runcan

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Low Income ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Health And Safety ◽

Physical Work ◽

Healthy Environment ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Rural Development Programme ◽

Rural And Urban

According to Romania’s National Rural Development Programme, the socio-economic situation of the rural environment has a large number of weaknesses – among which low access to financial resources for small entrepreneurs and new business initiatives in rural areas and poorly developed entrepreneurial culture, characterized by a lack of basic managerial knowledge – but also a large number of opportunities – among which access of the rural population to lifelong learning and entrepreneurial skills development programmes and entrepreneurs’ access to financial instruments. The population in rural areas depends mainly on agricultural activities which give them subsistence living conditions. The gap between rural and urban areas is due to low income levels and employment rates, hence the need to obtain additional income for the population employed in subsistence and semi-subsistence farming, especially in the context of the depopulation trend. At the same time, the need to stimulate entrepreneurship in rural areas is high and is at a resonance with the need to increase the potential of rural communities from the perspective of landscape, culture, traditional activities and local resources. A solution could be to turn vegetal and / or animal farms into social farms – farms on which people with disabilities (but also adolescents and young people with anxiety, depression, self-harm, suicide, and alexithymia issues) might find a “foster” family, bed and meals in a natural, healthy environment, and share the farm’s activities with the farmer and the farmer’s family: “committing to a regular day / days and times for a mutually agreed period involves complying with any required health and safety practices (including use of protective clothing and equipment), engaging socially with the farm family members and other people working on and around the farm, and taking on tasks which would include working on the land, taking care of animals, or helping out with maintenance and other physical work”

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Urban–rural disparity in cancer incidence in China, 2008–2012: a cross-sectional analysis of data from 36 cancer registers

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042762 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. e042762

Author(s):

Shuai Yuan ◽

Shao-Hua Xie

Keyword(s):

Cancer Incidence ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Cancer Type ◽

Anatomic Site ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Urban Rural

ObjectiveThe substantial differences in socioeconomic and lifestyle exposures between urban and rural areas in China may lead to urban–rural disparity in cancer risk. This study aimed to assess the urban–rural disparity in cancer incidence in China.MethodsUsing data from 36 regional cancer registries in China in 2008–2012, we compared the age-standardised incidence rates of cancer by sex and anatomic site between rural and urban areas. We calculated the rate difference and rate ratio comparing rates in rural versus urban areas by sex and cancer type.ResultsThe incidence rate of all cancers in women was slightly lower in rural areas than in urban areas, but the total cancer rate in men was higher in rural areas than in urban areas. The incidence rates in women were higher in rural areas than in urban areas for cancers of the oesophagus, stomach, and liver and biliary passages, but lower for cancers of thyroid and breast. Men residing in rural areas had higher incidence rates for cancers of the oesophagus, stomach, and liver and biliary passages, but lower rates for prostate cancer, lip, oral cavity and pharynx cancer, and colorectal cancer.ConclusionsOur findings suggest substantial urban–rural disparity in cancer incidence in China, which varies across cancer types and the sexes. Cancer prevention strategies should be tailored for common cancers in rural and urban areas.

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Relating Household Consumption Expenditures to Road Traffic Fatalities: A Rural–Urban Study

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.1177/03611981211033281 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 036119812110332

Author(s):

Ruchika Agarwala ◽

Vinod Vasudevan

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Traffic Safety ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Household Consumption ◽

Household Expenditure ◽

Traffic Fatality ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

The Relationship

Research shows that traffic fatality risk is generally higher in rural areas than in urban areas. In developing countries, vehicle ownership and investments in public transportation typically increase with economic growth. These two factors together increase the vehicle population, which in turn affects traffic safety. This paper presents a study focused on the relationship of various factors—including household consumption expenditure data—with traffic fatality in rural and urban areas and thereby aims to fill some of the gaps in the literature. One such gap is the impacts of personal and non-personal modes of travel on traffic safety in rural versus urban areas in developing countries which remains unexplored. An exhaustive panel data modeling approach is adopted. One important finding of this study is that evidence exists of a contrasting relationship between household expenditure and traffic fatality in rural and urban areas. The relationship between household expenditure and traffic fatality is observed to be positive in rural areas and a negative in urban areas. Increases in most expenditure variables, such as fuel, non-personal modes of travel, and two-wheeler expenditures, are found to be associated with an increase in traffic fatality in rural areas.

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A principal component analysis of the determinants of spatial disparity between rural and urban localities of Ghana

International Journal of Social Economics ◽

10.1108/ijse-11-2015-0315 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 44 (6) ◽

pp. 715-731 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ivy Drafor

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Principal Component ◽

Component Analysis ◽

Spatial Inequality ◽

Necessary Condition ◽

Spatial Disparity ◽

Content Type ◽

Rural And Urban

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the spatial disparity between rural and urban areas in Ghana using the Ghana Living Standards Survey’s (GLSS) rounds 5 and 6 data to advance the assertion that an endowed rural sector is necessary to promote agricultural development in Ghana. This analysis helps us to know the factors that contribute to the depravity of the rural sectors to inform policy towards development targeting. Design/methodology/approach A multivariate principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis were applied to data from the GLSS-5 and GLSS-6 to determine the characteristics of the rural-urban divide in Ghana. Findings The findings reveal that the rural poor also spend 60.3 per cent of their income on food, while the urban dwellers spend 49 per cent, which is an indication of food production capacity. They have low access to information technology facilities, have larger household sizes and lower levels of education. Rural areas depend a lot on firewood for cooking and use solar/dry cell energies and kerosene for lighting which have implications for conserving the environment. Practical implications Developing the rural areas to strengthen agricultural growth and productivity is a necessary condition for eliminating spatial disparities and promoting overall economic development in Ghana. Addressing rural deprivation is important for conserving the environment due to its increased use of fuelwood for cooking. Absence of alternatives to the use of fuelwood weakens the efforts to reduce deforestation. Originality/value The application of PCA to show the factors that contribute to spatial inequality in Ghana using the GLSS-5 and GLSS-6 data is unique. The study provides insights into redefining the framework for national poverty reduction efforts.

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Menstrual knowledge and perceptions of schoolgirls in Bangladesh: do socio-economic factors really matter?

International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare ◽

10.1108/ijhrh-07-2021-0145 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Gulsan Ara Parvin ◽

Nina Takashino ◽

Md. Shahidul Islam ◽

Md. Habibur Rahman ◽

Md. Anwarul Abedin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Family Income ◽

Policy Formulation ◽

Economic Factors ◽

Content Type ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Professional Occupation ◽

Menstrual Knowledge ◽

Socio Economic Factors

Purpose This study aims to explore whether socio-economic factors determine the level of menstrual knowledge and perceptions of schoolgirls in Bangladesh. The aim of this study is to understand how knowledge and perceptions vary with variations in the different socio-economic factors in a schoolgirl’s life such as place of residence, religion, age, grade, parents’ education, parents’ occupation, family income and even family size. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from four schools (two in urban areas and two in rural areas). A total of 450 schoolgirls from grades V–X were interviewed to examine how knowledge and perceptions varied with different socio-economic aspects. Multiple logistic regression models were used to measure the associations between various socio-economic variables and perceptions of and knowledge about menstruation. Findings Respondents from urban areas were 4.75 times more likely and those 14–16 years old were two times more likely to report higher levels of knowledge about menstruation compared to their counterparts. Based on the father’s occupation, respondents whose father was engaged in a professional occupation were 1.983 times more likely to have a higher level of knowledge on menstruation compared to those whose fathers were in an unskilled profession. Similarly, the odds of positive perceptions on menstruation were 1.456 and 1.987 times higher, respectively, among respondents living in urban areas and those 14–16 years old, compared to their counterparts. Originality/value This study provides evidence that different socio-economic and even demographic factors are important in the development of menstrual knowledge and perceptions. Policy formulation and development actions related to adolescent girls’ physical and reproductive health development need to consider these factors in Bangladesh and in other developing countries, where poor knowledge and perception related to menstruation are hindering girls’ mental and physical development. This is expected that better knowledge and perception will facilitate girls’ right to have better health and social lives.

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Diversity, status and habitat usage of avifauna at sadar upazila, magura, Bangladesh

Bangladesh Journal of Zoology ◽

10.3329/bjz.v48i2.52434 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 441-456

Author(s):

Ashikur Rahman Shome ◽

Md Mahabub Alam ◽

Md Fazle Rabbe ◽

Mohammad Mijanur Rahman ◽

Mohammad Firoj Jaman

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Winter Season ◽

Bird Species ◽

Diversity Indices ◽

Habitat Diversity ◽

Seasonal Abundance ◽

Line Transect ◽

Common Myna ◽

Rural And Urban

A study on diversity, status, and habitat preference of avifauna was conducted from November 2017 to October 2018 in Magura Sadar upazila, Magura. Data was collected through direct field observations using line-transect method. Field surveys were made for three days per month in both rural and urban sites. A total of 140 species of birds belonged to 18 orders and 48 families were reported. Among the total species, 55% (77 species) were non-passerines and 45% (63 species) passerines with the highest individuals were counted under order Passeriformes. Resident bird species were dominant (106 species, 75.71%) over migratory (34 species, 24.28%) species. Species richness was the highest in the rural areas (124 species, 88.57%) and occurrence was the highest in winter season (97 species, 69.29%). The maximum species were recorded from trees (87 species, 62.14%) as preferred habitat. In this study, in total 4,060 individuals of birds were counted and among them, 51.55% (n=2093) were observed in the rural areas and 48.45% (n=1967) were in the urban areas. The highest number of birds was found in December (10.34%, n=432) and seasonal abundance was the highest in winter (40.15%, n=1630). Abundance was the highest for Common Myna (5.76%, n=234) among all recorded species. Diversity indices showed that the bird species were the most diverse in the rural areas in the winter season and in July. Habitat diversity indices were the highest for trees and birds used different types of habitats at different times for roosting, breeding and feeding. Regarding the observation status, 29.28% species was very common, 4.28% common, 31.42% fairly common, and 35% were few. This baseline data indicate that this study site is significant from the ecological and conservation point of views. Therefore, further research is necessary to understand how this avian diversity is maintained in this ecological setting. Bangladesh J. Zool. 48(2): 441-456, 2020

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Komparácia pro-poor rastu vo vidieckych a mestských oblastiach Indonézie

10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9896-2021-16 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Barbora Frličková

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Poor People ◽

Average Income ◽

Poor Growth ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Poverty And Inequality ◽

Partial Period ◽

Urban And Rural Areas

The paper analyses construction and use of a selected indicator of pro-poor growth – the rate of pro-poor growth. It further explains the interpretation of this indicator in absolute and relative terms and indicates how economic growth affects poverty and inequality. The selected indicator is applied to the example of Indonesia and compares pro-poor growth in urban and rural areas of the country, examines regional disparities in terms of pro-poor growth for the period 1996–2019. From the absolute interpretation, pro-poor growth is observed in both urban and rural areas over the whole period. In relative terms, results of pro-poor growth for the first partial period (1996–2000) differ. While there was a relative pro-poor growth in the rural areas, there was a strong pro-poor growth in the cities with a significant decline in inequality observed (incomes of poor people increased while the average income of the whole population dropped). Indonesia achieved trickle-down growth in both rural and urban areas in two remaining periods (2000–2010 and 2010–2019).

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Damage assessment mapping of rural environments; integration of SAR and Optical data

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-9202 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shiran Havivi ◽

Stanley R. Rotman ◽

Dan G. Blumberg ◽

Shimrit Maman

Keyword(s):

Natural Disaster ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Damage Assessment ◽

Vegetation Index ◽

Urban Environments ◽

Optical Data ◽

Damage Level ◽

Rural Environments ◽

Rural And Urban

The damage caused by a natural disaster in rural areas differs in nature, extent, landscape and in structure, from the damage in urban environments. Previous and current studies focus mainly on mapping damaged structures in urban areas after catastrophe events such as an earthquake or tsunami. Yet, research focusing on the damage level or its distribution in rural areas is absent. In order to apply an emergency response and for effective disaster management, it is necessary to understand and characterize the nature of the damage in each different environment.&#160;Havivi et al. (2018), published a damage assessment algorithm that makes use of SAR images combined with optical data, for rapid mapping and compiling a damage assessment map following a natural disaster. The affected areas are analyzed using interferometric SAR (InSAR) coherence. To overcome the loss of coherence caused by changes in vegetation, optical images are used to produce a mask by computing the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and removing the vegetated area from the scene. Due to the differences in geomorphological settings and landuse\landcover between rural and urban settlements, the above algorithm is modified and adjusted by inserting the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) to better suit rural environments and their unique response after a disaster. MNDWI is used for detection, identification and extraction of waterbodies (such as irrigation canals, streams, rivers, lakes, etc.), allowing their removal which causes lack of coherence at the post stage of the event. Furthermore, it is used as an indicator for highlighting prone regions that might be severely affected pre disaster event. Thresholds are determined for the co-event coherence map (&#8804; 0.5), the NDVI (&#8805; 0.4) and the MNDWI (&#8805; 0), and the three layers are combined into one. Based on the combined map, a damage assessment map is generated.&#160;As a case study, this algorithm was applied to the areas affected by multi-hazard event, following the Sulawesi earthquake and subsequent tsunami in Palu, Indonesia, which occurred on September 28th, 2018. High-resolution COSMO-SkyMed images pre and post the event, alongside a Sentinel-2 image pre- event are used as inputs. The output damage assessment map provides a quantitative assessment and spatial distribution of the damage in both the rural and urban environments. The results highlight the applicability of the algorithm for a variety of disaster events and sensors. In addition, the results enhance the contribution of the water component to the analysis pre and post the event in rural areas. Thus, while in urban regions the spatial extent of the damage will occur in its proximity to the coastline or the fault, rural regions, even in significant distance will experience extensive damage due secondary hazards as liquefaction processes.&#160; &#160; &#160;

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