scholarly journals Tragic Optimism as a Buffer Against COVID-19 Suffering and the Psychometric Properties of a Brief Version of the Life Attitudes Scale

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mega M. Leung ◽  
Gökmen Arslan ◽  
Paul T. P. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Distinct Type ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Original Structure ◽  
Fit Statistics ◽  
Life Attitudes ◽  
Reliability Estimates ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
The Impact

The Life Attitudes Scale (LAS) was designed to measure tragic optimism (TO)—a distinct type of optimism that could generate hopeless hope even in dire situations according to existential positive psychology (PP 2.0). This study explains why only a faith-based TO could serve as a buffer against suffering at the Nazi death camps as well as the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In study 1, the results showed that the factorial structure of a 15-item LAS-Brief (LAS-B), which is a short measure of TO, replicated the original structure of the 32-item long version. The five factors (i.e., affirmation, acceptance, courage, faith, and self-transcendence) provided a good data model fit statistics for LAS-B; the measure had adequate-to-strong internal and latent construct reliability estimates. In study 2, the buffering effect of TO on the association between suffering experiences during COVID-19 and life satisfaction in adults was examined. The results of the studies were consistent with our hypothesis that TO as measured by LAS-B serves as a buffer against the impact of COVID-19 suffering on life satisfaction.

The psychometric properties of the Big Five inventory-10 (BFI-10) including correlations with subjective and psychological well-being

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Adriana Balgiu
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Original Structure ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Big Five Inventory ◽  
Five Factors

The article sums up the results of a psychometric study carried out on a sample of Romanian students (N = 496; 193 females) in order to assess the psychometric qualities of Big Five Inventory-10 (BFI-10). The questionnaire measures the 5 factors of personality from the Five Factors model. The convergent validity is demonstrated by the fact that BFI-10 correlates with the measures for: subjective well-being like happiness, life satisfaction, positive and negative affect and psychological well-being and its dimensions. Internal consistency is acceptable given that we evaluated an extra-short scale with two items per factor, although much reduced in comparison with the instruments with a large number of items. The confirmatory factorial analysis revealed a five-factor structure similar to the original structure with the modification of the factors Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism. We consider that the application of BFI-10 must be accompanied and correlated with other instruments when it comes to assessing personality. It is necessary that the instrument BFI-10 should be perfected by redefining the items it contains.

An information sharing theory perspective on willingness to share information in supply chains

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Zaheer ◽  
Peter Trkman
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Information Sharing ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Share Information

Purpose The quality of information sharing is of the utmost importance for supply chains (SCs). The purpose of this paper is to improve understanding of the human attitude: willingness to share, its antecedents and its role in improving information sharing quality. Design/methodology/approach Based on information sharing theory, a theoretical model and research hypotheses are developed. Data from 387 respondents were collected to test the hypotheses and model fit using structural equation modelling and mediation analysis. The impact of social-psychological factors and information technology (IT) infrastructure capability on willingness to share information and, consequently, its effect on information sharing quality were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics, PROCESS and AMOS. Findings The statistical analysis showed a good model fit. Trust is the most important antecedent for willingness to share, while the impacts of commitment and reciprocity are also significant. Interestingly, power is not a significant antecedent of willingness. Life satisfaction is a significant precursor to willingness to share information, whereas surprisingly overall job satisfaction does not play a significant role. Research limitations/implications Cross-sectional data were used and the scope was limited to SCs. Practical implications Managers should be aware that trust, commitment and reciprocity with their SC partners influence the willingness to share information with varying effects. Access to proper IT capabilities increases willingness as does the life satisfaction. SC individuals who are happy with life are more willing. Interestingly, high power might get the sharer to share information albeit unwillingly. Originality/value The model provides a social-psychological understanding of the antecedents of human willingness to share information, which is crucial to sharing quality information. Overall, the social-psychological and IT factors model based on information sharing theory is statistically valid for the SC context.

Forced Zero Cross-Loading Misspecifications in Measurement Component of Structural Equation Models

Methodology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 138-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsien-Yuan Hsu ◽  
Susan Troncoso Skidmore ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Bruce Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Model Specification ◽  
Simulation Design ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
Fit Statistics ◽  
Path Coefficients

The purpose of the present paper was to evaluate the effect of constraining near-zero parameter cross-loadings to zero in the measurement component of a structural equation model. A Monte Carlo 3 × 5 × 2 simulation design was conducted (i.e., sample sizes of 200, 600, and 1,000; parameter cross-loadings of 0.07, 0.10, 0.13, 0.16, and 0.19 misspecified to be zero; and parameter path coefficients in the structural model of either 0.50 or 0.70). Results indicated that factor pattern coefficients and factor covariances were overestimated in measurement models when near-zero parameter cross-loadings constrained to zero were higher than 0.13 in the population. Moreover, the path coefficients between factors were misestimated when the near-zero parameter cross-loadings constrained to zero were noteworthy. Our results add to the literature detailing the importance of testing individual model specification decisions, and not simply evaluating omnibus model fit statistics.

Scale Evaluation and Eligibility Determination of a Field-Test Version of the Assessment, Evaluation, and Programming System Third Edition

2021 ◽  
pp. 027112142098171
Author(s):  
Michael D. Toland ◽  
Jennifer Grisham ◽  
Misti Waddell ◽  
Rebecca Crawford ◽  
David M. Dueber
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Programming System ◽  
Eligibility Determination ◽  
Fit Statistics ◽  
Reliability Estimates ◽  
Test Version ◽  
Acceptable Model ◽  
Cutoff Scores ◽  
Area Classification

Rasch and classification analyses on a field-test version of the Assessment, Evaluation, and Programming System Test—Third Edition (AEPS-3), a curriculum-based assessment used to assess young children birth to age 6 years, were conducted. First, an evaluation of the psychometric properties of data from each developmental area of an AEPS-3 field-test version was conducted. Next, cutoff scores at 6-month age intervals were created and then the validity of the cutoff scores was evaluated. Results using Rasch modeling indicated acceptable model fit statistics with reasonable reliability estimates within each developmental area. Classification results showed cutoff scores accurately classified a high percentage of eligible children. Findings suggest that scores from a field-test version of the AEPS-3 are reliable within developmental areas. To the extent allowed by state criteria, early childhood interventionists could possibly use a new field-test version of the AEPS-3 to determine or corroborate eligibility for special education services.

scholarly journals The impact of living arrangements and intergenerational support on the health status of older people in China: are rural residents disadvantaged compared to urban residents?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Yazhen Yang ◽  
Maria Evandrou ◽  
Athina Vlachantoni
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Older People ◽  
Adult Children ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Psychological Wellbeing ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Intergenerational Support ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Research to-date has examined the impact of intergenerational support in terms of isolated types of support, or at one point in time, failing to provide strong evidence of the complex effect of support on older persons’ wellbeing. Using the Harmonised China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011, 2013 and 2015), this paper investigates the impact of older people's living arrangements and intergenerational support provision/receipt on their physical and psychological wellbeing, focusing on rural–urban differences. The results show that receiving economic support from one's adult children was a stronger predictor for higher life satisfaction among rural residents compared to urban residents, while grandchild care provision was an important determinant for poor life satisfaction only for urban residents. Having weekly in-person and distant contact with one's adult children reduced the risk of depression in both rural and urban residents. Older women were more likely than men to receive support and to have contact with adult children, but also to report poor functional status and depression. The paper shows that it is important to improve the level of public economic transfers and public social care towards vulnerable older people in rural areas, and more emphasis should be placed on improving the psychological wellbeing of urban older residents, such as with the early diagnosis of depression.

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