scholarly journals Investigation of L2/Ln Pragmatic Competence: Its Core and Route Map

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiaoyuan Mao
Keyword(s):  
Common Core ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Pragmatic Competence ◽  
The Core ◽  
Form Function ◽  
Dynamic Form ◽  
The Common ◽  
Componential Models ◽  
Function Mapping

How to use language properly and acquire the capacity for language use has become the focus of linguists and philosophers for centuries. Therefore, pragmatic competence underlying language use arouses enormous interests of language acquisition practitioners. This study reveals the core properties of various models or theories of pragmatic competence, such as the communicative componential models, the form-function mapping proposal of the functionalist, the tripartite cognitive model, and the current integrated model of pragmatic competence. The common core includes (but not limited to) integration of thought and communication, one uniform pragmatic mechanism, dynamic form-function mapping, and complementarity between grammatical and pragmatic competences. With the findings as a departure, a brief outline for further investigation of pragmatic competence is proposed finally, including pathological and neurobiological examination of pragmatic competence.

scholarly journals The Common Core State Standards Initiative as an Innovation Network

2021 ◽  
pp. 000283122110066
Author(s):  
Brian Rowan ◽  
Mark White
Keyword(s):  
Common Core ◽  
Common Core State Standards ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
State Standards ◽  
Instructional Materials ◽  
Innovation Network ◽  
Core State ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Common ◽  
Academic Resources

This article analyzes the Common Core State Standards initiative as an innovation network. Using narrative data and quantitative analysis of hypertext linkages on the World Wide Web, we describe a network of about 3200 organizations that arose to scale up the Common Core State Standards and link them to aligned academic resources such as assessments, instructional materials, and professional development. By 2017, this network developed a “core-periphery” topology. The article describes structures and processes at the core of the network that created strong pressures for construction of a coherent ecosystem of instruction for American education and processes at the periphery that that worked against use of this system by most organizations in the network.

Fixed expressions and culture

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Fiedler
Keyword(s):  
Common Core ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
West African ◽  
World Englishes ◽  
Global Level ◽  
The Common ◽  
Fixed Expressions ◽  
The One

This case study examines variation in idiomatic fixed expressions (FEs) in British and West African varieties of English. Using a corpus of newspapers containing FEs with the source domain monkey, I contrast those expressions shared by both varieties — the Common Core — with those found only in the African sources. In so doing, I seek to illuminate to what extent uniquely African cultural influences have affected idiomatic language use in these ‘New Englishes’ beyond the mere adoption of British expressions. The corpus contains 24 FEs, of which 8 belong to the Common Core and 16 classify as potentially new African ones. The analysis of the FEs reveals that West African speakers make use of a much broader spectrum of main meaning foci (Kövecses 2010) when instantiating the human behavior is monkey behavior metaphor than do their British counterparts. This wider system of associated commonplaces (Black 1954) can be linked to the African natural environment on the one hand and to broader cultural influences on the other, including power and corruption issues as well as African models of community and kinship (Wolf & Polzenhagen 2009). On a more global level, this paper lends evidence to the importance of cultural conceptualizations (Sharifian 2011) as a further dimension of variation in the study of World Englishes.

scholarly journals Implementing Curricula To Meet The Needs Of Financial Professionals

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Richard French ◽  
Richard E. Coppage
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Common Core ◽  
Core Competencies ◽  
Undergraduate Curriculum ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Common ◽  
Future Education ◽  
Current Practices

Major changes in the financial profession warrant assessment of current practices and strategic planning for the future education of such professionals.  This article discusses the core competencies, obtained from numerous studies, of accounting and finance professionals.  After common core competencies are identified for the both accounting and finance professions, the need for change in accounting and finance curricula are discussed.  Next, a combined undergraduate curriculum for both the accounting and finance students, which incorporates the common core competencies, is proposed.  Finally, the authors issue a call for further research.

scholarly journals Neutralization of meningococcal endotoxin by antibody to core glycolipid.

1978 ◽  
Vol 147 (4) ◽  
pp. 1007-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
C E Davis ◽  
E J Ziegler ◽  
K F Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibody Production ◽  
Common Core ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Cortical Necrosis ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Common ◽  
Shwartzman Phenomenon

Antibodies to Escherichia coli J5, a uridine 5'-diphosphate-galactose epimerase-less mutant of E. coli 0111, neutralized meningococcal endotoxemia from all three major capsular serogroups. We chose the dermal necrosis of the local Shwartzman phenomenon and the renal cortical necrosis of the general Shwartzman phenomenon as assays because these are the hallmarks of meningococcemia, and because meningococcal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a uniquely potent cause of dermal purpura and necrosis. Meningococcal antisera raised against LPS from MGC A, B, and C also provided good protection against endotoxemia from the homologous capsular groups, but it was inconsistent against the heterologous serogroups. The superiority of J5 antibodies (purified IgG as well as antiserum) is probably due to the fact that J5 LPS contains only the endotoxin core. Consequently, immunization with this mutant stimulates production of antibodies to core LPS without interference by the "0" antigenic determinants of the side chains. These observations indicate that the endotoxin core is the toxic moiety of meningococcal LPS, that the core LPS of meningococcus (MGC) is immunologically similar to enteric LPS, and that the antigenically variable "0" side chains of MGC LPS interfere with antibody production against the common core. They also suggest that antibodies prepared against this E. coli mutant could interrupt the devastating course of meningococcal endotoxemia in man, regardless of the capsular serogroup of the infecting strain.

The Utilitarian Core Hypothesis: Cases for Testing the Stability of Languages in the Wake of Conquest

2000 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 559-578
Author(s):  
Dennis R. Ridley ◽  
Kip H. Redick ◽  
Paula Szulc Dominguez ◽  
Daniela K. Romo ◽  
Clinton B. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Common Core ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Language Use ◽  
The Political ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Norman Conquest ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Stability

Based on the “utilitarian core hypothesis” that the most common words of a language develop early and resist change, the current exploratory study examined three test cases to suggest what happens to the common core of a language when its speakers are conquered. Whissell (1998) raised this issue by implication through demonstrating that the common core of English is largely Anglo-Saxon and thus survived the Norman Conquest. The notion that unique merits of English accounted for its success has a long history dating at least to Verstegan (1605/1976). We suggested that there are also instances of conquest in history illustrating the persistence of other languages despite the political subjugation of their speakers. Test cases included, in addition to the Norman Conquest of England, the Arab-Berber Conquest of most of the Iberian Peninsula, and Russian domination of modern Uzbekistan. The combined results suggest that persistence of a utilitarian core despite conquest is not an isolated instance. As a phenomenon it offers a more parsimonious account than do appeals to the special merits of English, Spanish, or Modern Uzbek. We have integrated these findings within a psychological framework pertaining to language use and change.

scholarly journals Functional Identification of the Proteusmirabilis Core Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis Genes

2010 ◽  
Vol 192 (17) ◽  
pp. 4413-4424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Aquilini ◽  
Joana Azevedo ◽  
Natalia Jimenez ◽  
Lamiaa Bouamama ◽  
Juan M. Tomás ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Common Core ◽  
Outer Core ◽  
Genetic Complementation ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene ◽  
Functional Identification ◽  
The Core ◽  
Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis ◽  
The Common ◽  
Core Genes

ABSTRACT In this study, we report the identification of genes required for the biosynthesis of the core lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) of two strains of Proteus mirabilis. Since P. mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae share a core LPS carbohydrate backbone extending up to the second outer-core residue, the functions of the common P. mirabilis genes was elucidated by genetic complementation studies using well-defined mutants of K. pneumoniae. The functions of strain-specific outer-core genes were identified by using as surrogate acceptors LPSs from two well-defined K. pneumoniae core LPS mutants. This approach allowed the identification of two new heptosyltransferases (WamA and WamC), a galactosyltransferase (WamB), and an N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (WamD). In both strains, most of these genes were found in the so-called waa gene cluster, although one common core biosynthetic gene (wabO) was found outside this cluster.

Principles to Actions: Mathematics Programs as the Core for Student Learning

2014 ◽  
Vol 107 (9) ◽  
pp. 656-658
Author(s):  
Daniel Brahier ◽  
Steve Leinwand ◽  
DeAnn Huinker
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Education ◽  
Common Core ◽  
Common Core State Standards ◽  
State Standards ◽  
National Council ◽  
Core State ◽  
Evaluation Standards ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Common ◽  
Systemic Improvement

The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) launched the “standards-based” education movement in North America in 1989 with the release of Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics, an unprecedented action to promote systemic improvement in mathematics education. Now, twenty-five years later, the widespread adoption of the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics (CCSSM) by forty-five states provides an opportunity to reenergize and focus our commitment to significant improvement in mathematics education (CCSSI 2010).

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