scholarly journals Influence of Wearing Surgical Mask on Interpersonal Space Perception Between Mainland Chinese and Taiwanese People

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Chi Lee ◽  
Yi-Lang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Space Perception ◽  
Mask Condition ◽  
Mainland Chinese ◽  
Surgical Masks ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Taiwanese People ◽  
Interpersonal Space

Wearing face masks and maintaining social distancing of 1.5m are two common preventive measures against the spread of COVID-19. However, the interaction of these preventive measures in interpersonal space (IPS) perception remains unknown. This study evaluated the effects of wearing surgical masks, sex dyads, and approaching patterns on IPS judgment. Data were collected from participants from Mainland China (n=100) and Taiwan (n=100) through an online survey. Therefore, the regional differences were also examined. A smaller IPS was observed when participants faced confederates wearing surgical masks than in the no-mask condition. Female dyads tended to maintain a smaller IPS than did both male and mixed-sex dyads, and Taiwanese participants maintained a significantly larger IPS than did Mainland Chinese participants. No significant difference was observed between the active and passive pattern. Moreover, the interaction between region and mask had a significant influence on IPS perception. Among all test combinations, only the IPS perceived by Taiwanese participants facing confederates without surgical masks exceeded 1.5m. This study revealed that the wearing of surgical masks for health protection during the pandemic influences IPS perception in different regions. The current findings may provide useful information for social interaction and environmental design during the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Application of recommended preventive measures against COVID-19 could help mitigate the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection during dental practice: Results from a follow-up survey of French dentists

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261439
Author(s):  
Hadrien Diakonoff ◽  
Sébastien Jungo ◽  
Nathan Moreau ◽  
Marco E. Mazevet ◽  
Anne-Laure Ejeil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Surgical Masks ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

Background During the first-wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, dentists were considered at high-risk of infection. In France, to stop the spread of SARS-CoV-2, a nationwide lockdown was enforced, during which dentists suspended their routine clinical activities, working solely on dental emergencies. This measure has had an indisputable mitigating effect on the pandemic. To continue protecting dentists after suspension of nationwide lockdown, implementation of preventive measures was recommended, including adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) and room aeration between patients. No study has explored whether implementation of such preventive measures since the end of the first-wave has had an impact on the contamination of dentists. Methods An online survey was conducted within a French dentist population between July and September 2020. To explore risk factors associated with COVID-19, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Results The results showed that COVID-19 prevalence among the 3497 respondents was 3.6%. Wearing surgical masks during non-aerosol generating procedures was a risk factor of COVID-19, whereas reducing the number of patients was a protective factor. Conclusions Considering the similar COVID-19 prevalence between dentists and the general population, such data suggest that dentists are not overexposed in their work environment when adequate preventive measures are applied. Impact Dentists should wear specific PPE (FFP2, FFP3 or (K)N95 masks) including during non-aerosol generating procedures and reduce the number of patients to allow proper implementation of disinfection and aeration procedures. Considering the similarities between COVID-19 and other viral respiratory infections, such preventive measures may also be of interest to limit emerging variants spread as well as seasonal viral outbreaks.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and practice of the Sudanese people towards COVID-19: an online survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal Abdelrahim Osman Mohamed ◽  
Eilaf Ali Mohamed Elhassan ◽  
Abdelrahim Osman Mohamed ◽  
Awab Aldow Mohammed ◽  
Hassan Alshaikh edris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
P Value ◽  
Attitude Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Abstract Background The Novel Corona virus SARS-CoV-2 emerged to affect the human population in 2019 causing COVID-19 pandemic. The only preventive measures available are social distancing, hand washing and face masks. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of the Sudanese people towards COVID-19. Methods An online cross-sectional study targeting adult Sudanese people was conducted in April 2020. The study used a self-administered questionnaire containing 18 knowledge questions, 5 questions for attitude and six questions for practices. Social media such as Facebook and WhatsApp were utilized to disseminate the questionnaire. The total number of eligible questionnaires available for analysis by the end of the period was 987. Results The mean (±SD) age of respondents was 30.13 (±9.84) years with males representing 55.4%. The majority were university and higher education levels (95.2%), residing in Khartoum (71.7%). The mean (±SD) knowledge score of the participants was 15.33 (± 2.24) and was found to be associated with education level and age groups (p-value = 0.022, P value =0.010) respectively. The mean (±SD) attitude score was 04.15 (± 0.97) and was significantly associated with older groups and better-educated participants (p-value =0.001, p-value = 0.048) respectively. The practices related to COVID-19 preventive measures mean (±SD) was 02.58 (± 1.73) with a significant difference between age groups and area of residence. Conclusions This study showed that the participants had good knowledge and satisfactory attitude that was not similarly expressed into practice. Efforts are needed in health education and law enforcement to improve the practices among all groups with special emphasis on younger and less educated males.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and practice of the Sudanese people towards COVID-19: An online survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal Mohamed ◽  
Eilaf Elhassan ◽  
Abdelrahim O. Mohamed ◽  
Awab Aldow Mohammed ◽  
Hassan Alshaikh edris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
P Value ◽  
Attitude Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Abstract Background: The Novel Corona Virus (SARS-CoV-2) had emerged to affect the human population in 2019 causing COVID-19 pandemic. The only preventive measures available are social distancing, hand washing and face masks. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of the Sudanese people towards COVID-19.Methods: An online cross-sectional study targeting adult Sudanese people was conducted in April 2020. The study used a self-administered questionnaire containing 18 knowledge questions, 5 questions for attitude and six questions for practices. Social media such as Facebook and WhatsApp were utilized to disseminate the questionnaire. The total number of eligible questionnaires available for analysis by the end of the period was 987.Results: The mean (±SD) age of respondents was 30.13 (±9.84) years with males representing 55.4%. The majority were university and higher education levels (95.2%), residing in Khartoum (71.7%). The mean (±SD) knowledge score of the participants was 15.33 (± 2.24) and was found to be associated with education level and age groups (p-value = 0.022, P value =0.010) respectively. The mean (±SD) attitude score was 04.15 (± 0.97) and was significantly associated with older groups and better-educated participants (p-value =0.001, p-value= 0.048) respectively. The practices related to COVID-19 preventive measures mean (±SD) was 02.58 (± 1.73) with a significant difference between age groups and area of residence. Conclusions: This study showed that the participants had good knowledge and satisfactory attitude that was not similarly expressed into practice. Efforts are needed in health education and law enforcement to improve the practices among all groups with special emphasis on younger and less educated males.

Development of the Chinese Odor Identification Test (COIT)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Peng ◽  
Laiquan Zou
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Test Validity ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Odor Identification ◽  
Good Test ◽  
Mainland Chinese ◽  
Odor Recognition ◽  
Identification Test ◽  
Smell Identification

Olfactory dysfunction is an important early indicator for many neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. Smell identification tests have been developed and widely used for olfaction function assessment. However, the test validity could be compromised when applying to different countries, as the results can be strongly influenced by personal experience with tested odors. To date, standardized smell identification test using common odors for mainland Chinese is yet to be established. In this study, we conducted a series of experiments, attempting to develop the first standardized odor identification test in mainland China. Chinese daily odor items were firstly pooled and selected by an online survey of 888 subjects, followed by odor recognition evaluation of 52 odorants among 95 individuals. The final odor identification test consists of 36 odor items, and we show that this test has reasonably good test-retest reliability and validity. This test could be an efficient measure for the impairment of smell senses among mainland Chinese.

scholarly journals A 29 Mainland Chinese cohort of patients with Phelan–McDermid syndrome: genotype–phenotype correlations and the role of SHANK3 haploinsufficiency in the important phenotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Xu ◽  
Hui Lv ◽  
Tingting Yang ◽  
Xiujuan Du ◽  
Yu Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Mainland Chinese ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Phelan–McDermid syndrome (PMS) or 22q13 deletion syndrome is a rare developmental disorder characterized by hypotonia, developmental delay (DD), intellectual disability (ID), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and dysmorphic features. Most cases are caused by 22q13 deletions encompassing many genes including SHANK3. Phenotype comparisons between patients with SHANK3 mutations (or deletions only disrupt SHANK3) and 22q13 deletions encompassing more than SHANK3 gene are lacking. Methods A total of 29 Mainland China patients were clinically and genetically evaluated. Data were obtained from medical record review and a standardized medical history questionnaire, and dysmorphology evaluation was conducted via photographic evaluation. We analyzed 22q13 deletions and SHANK3 small mutations and performed genotype–phenotype analysis to determine whether neurological features and other important clinical features are responsible for haploinsufficiency of SHANK3. Results Nineteen patients with 22q13.3 deletions ranging in size from 34 kb to 8.7 Mb, one patient with terminal deletions and duplications, and nine patients with SHANK3 mutations were included. All mutations would cause loss-of function effect and six novel heterozygous variants, c.3838_3839insGG, c.3088delC, c.3526G > T, c.3372dupC, c.3120delC and c.3942delC, were firstly reported. Besides, we demonstrated speech delay (100%), DD/ID (88%), ASD (80%), hypotonia (83%) and hyperactivity (83%) were prominent clinical features. Finally, 100% of cases with monogenic SHANK3 deletion had hypotonia and there was no significant difference between loss of SHANK3 alone and deletions encompassing more than SHANK3 gene in the prevalence of hypotonia, DD/ID, ASD, increased pain tolerance, gait abnormalities, impulsiveness, repetitive behaviors, regression and nonstop crying which were high in loss of SHANK3 alone group. Conclusions This is the first work describing a cohort of Mainland China patients broaden the clinical and molecular spectrum of PMS. Our findings support the effect of 22q13 deletions and SHANK3 point mutations on language impairment and several clinical manifestations, such as DD/ID. We also demonstrated SHANK3 haploinsufficiency was a major contributor to the neurological phenotypes of PMS and also responsible for other important phenotypes such as hypotonia, increased pain tolerance, impulsiveness, repetitive behaviors, regression and nonstop crying.

Malaysian and Mainland Chinese Social Network Community Users’ Perceptions on Post-Mh370 Incident

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Changsong Wang ◽  
Yue Hu
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Mainland Chinese ◽  
The Public ◽  
Media Technologies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Flow Of Information

Aside from the world-of-mouth generated by popular portals and forums, the quality of an opinion community also affects their social media users’ perception on certain topics. The advent of social media technologies has dramatically changed the scene in the information world. When Malaysia Airlines flight MH370 went missing, the flow of information experienced complexity uncertainty and ambiguity in terms of information adequacy. Social media plays a vital role in building on a framework of re-trust and friendly perception towards Malaysia Airlines. This paper aims to compare social media users’ perception of the Malaysia Airlines missing flight MH370 incident in Mainland China and Malaysia respectively. It reveals a significant difference in user perception of active social media in these two countries. This paper argues that social networking sites, such as Facebook in Malaysia, Weibo and Wechat in Mainland China, become the public opinion field which illustrates sorts of openness and negotiation in Malaysia and Mainland China. In the law enforcement and emergency response community, the historical perception of social media was that it was an alternative option. However, the ubiquity of social media use and the role of social media as the front line of communications in a crisis event has changed that perception. In 2018, 200 questionnaires were collected from respondents in Mainland China and Malaysia respectively. The survey results contributed to the mechanism of crisis communication for henceforth similar incidents in the future. There is no doubt that the portrait of Malaysia Airlines on social media in these two countries affected its organizational reputation. Nevertheless, the participants from Malaysia and Mainland China showed a very average level of confidence to empower themselves to enhance dialog capacity among various stakeholders for this incident.

scholarly journals The Appraisal and Endorsement of Individual and Public Preventive Measures to Combat COVID-19 and the Associated Psychological Predictors among Chinese Living in Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 592-599
Author(s):  
Ling Na ◽  
Lixia Yang ◽  
Linke Yu ◽  
Kathryn Bolton ◽  
Weiguo Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Perceived Susceptibility ◽  
Mainland Chinese ◽  
Perceived Severity ◽  
The Public ◽  
Individual Measure ◽  
Lower Education

Aims: The study examines the factors related to the appraisal and adherence of the individual and public health preventive measures. Background: The effectiveness of the measures battling the pandemic was largely determined by the voluntary compliance of the public. Objectives: This study aimed to identify psychological perception factors related to the appraisal of individual measures and endorsement of public health measures during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic among Chinese living in Canada. Methods: A convenience sample of 656 participants completed an online survey. Nonparametric Kruskal Wallis tests were used to compare COVID perception variables (e.g., perceived susceptibility, fear, perceived severity, and information confusion) among different sociodemographic subgroups. Bootstrapped regression models were used to assess the association of these variables with outcome measures. Results: Compared to their counterpart groups, lower perceived susceptibility was reported by adults 65 years and older (p = .002) or retired (p = .015); greater fear was reported by females (p = .044), those with lower education (p = .001), and Mainland Chinese (p = .033); greater perceived severity was reported by individuals with lower education and smaller household size (ps = .003). Perceived susceptibility was inversely associated with individual measure appraisal (p = .032). Perceived severity was positively associated with individual measure appraisal (p = .005) and public measure endorsement (p < .001). Conclusion: Individual behaviour measure appraisal was predicted by lower perceived susceptibility and higher perceived severity, whereas public health measure endorsement was related to higher perceived severity. These results inform the public and the policymakers about the critical factors that affect the preventive measure appraisal and endorsement.

scholarly journals Psychological and behavioral responses of nursing interns from 12 Chinese universities during the COVID-19 epidemic: a knowledge, attitude and practice survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Chen ◽  
Hailin Zhang ◽  
Yuzi Xu ◽  
Fengqin Xu ◽  
Yinhe Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Chinese Universities ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Demographic Subgroups ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Abstract Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread globally and resulted in the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide. To depict the psychological and behavioral responses, and knowledge of nursing interns who are facing the COVID-19 epidemic in China, we conducted a knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) survey using a convenience sample in the First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province, China.Methods: A combination of a face-to-face questionnaire survey and an online survey was used for nursing interns from 12 Chinese universities. The Symptom Checklist 90 was used to investigate anxiety and depression of the nursing interns during the COVID-19 epidemic. Self-designed questionnaires were used to investigate behavioral responses, COVID-19-related knowledge, and preventive measures.Results: During the COVID-19 epidemic, the mean score of anxiety of 237 surveyed nursing interns were not statistically significantly different with that of the Chinese norm (1.42 vs. 1.39, P = 0.354). However, the mean score of depression of them were lower than that of the Chinese norm (1.22 vs. 1.50, P < 0.001). However, no statistically significant difference in the anxiety or depression was found between demographic subgroups. The most common way for the nursing interns to seek for help was asking for instructor or other medical professionals (89.45%). When the nursing interns had suspected symptoms, they will most likely go to the hospital for treatment (97.89%). The nursing interns have good knowledge regarding the origin and prevention of COVID-19 (correct percentage > 94%), however less knowledge regarding treatment and incubation (correct percentage < 10%).Conclusion: The nursing interns showed relative lower depression in the face of COVID-19 public health emergencies, and took proper preventive measures during the epidemic, however, were lack of certain epidemiology knowledge about COVID-19.

Speech-Language Pathologists' Perceptions of School-Based Services for Children With Hearing Loss

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 469-478
Author(s):  
Sarah Allen ◽  
Robert Mayo
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Working Relationships ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
School Based ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Positive Feelings ◽  
Children With Hearing Loss ◽  
Perceptions Of School

Purpose School-aged children with hearing loss are best served by a multidisciplinary team of professionals. The purpose of this research was to assess school-based speech-language pathologists' (SLPs) perceptions of their access to, involvement of, and working relationships with educational audiologists in their current work setting. Method An online survey was developed and distributed to school-based SLPs in North Carolina. Results A significant difference in access to and involvement of educational audiologists across the state was found. Conclusions This research contributes to professional knowledge by providing information about current perceptions in the field about interprofessional practice in a school-based setting. Overall, SLPs reported positive feelings about their working relationship with educational audiologists and feel the workload is distributed fairly.

Income or Culture? Examining the Determinants of Subjective Wellbeing in an International Sample

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddharth Garg
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Subjective Wellbeing ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Marginal Utility ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World ◽  
Diminishing Marginal Utility ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: The aim of this paper was to examine the relationship between income, subjective wellbeing, and culture among people from a higher socio-economic class across the world. Rationale: Ed Diener proposed the law of diminishing marginal utility as an explanation for differences in subjective wellbeing among different income groups across different countries (Diener, Ng, &amp; Tov, Balance in life and declining marginal utility of diverse resources, 2009). Thus, people with higher incomes would experience less subjective wellbeing due to income, and culture should emerge as a significant predictor. Method: Data from this study came from another study (https://siddharthgargblog.wordpress.com/2019/07/14/love-for-money/). I used an online survey to collect data on annual income in US dollars, subjective wellbeing (WHO-5), and country of residence (Indicator of Culture). 96 responses (Indians = 24, Foreigners = 72) were entered in IBM SPSS and a regression analysis was conducted. The raw dataset used in this study can be found at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.8869040.v1Results: ANOVA showed a significant difference (p &lt; 0.05) between Indians and foreigners on levels of subjective wellbeing. Linear regression shows the regression coefficient of culture to be significant (Beta = -.254, p = .014) but the regression coefficient of income was not found to be significant. The overall model was found to explain 8.2% of the variance in wellbeing.Conclusion: The sample of this study is too small to make any kind of generalization; it does lend a little bit of support to the idea of diminishing marginal utility of income on subjective wellbeing and provides a rationale for further research.

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